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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Effects Of A Text Message-Based Motivational Interviewing Intervention On Cigarette Smoking In College Students., Anna Jorayeva
Effects Of A Text Message-Based Motivational Interviewing Intervention On Cigarette Smoking In College Students., Anna Jorayeva
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the effects of a novel text message-based motivational interviewing intervention on cigarette smoking behavior in college students. Three manuscripts comprised this dissertation and included: a state of the science review of motivational interviewing and text message-based smoking behavior interventions in adolescents and young adults; a critical review and analysis of instruments used to measure nicotine dependence in young adults; and a quasi-experimental study testing the effects of a novel text message-based motivational interviewing intervention on cigarette smoking behavior in college students. Background: Cigarette smoking is the number one preventable cause of …
Cost Of Care For Hospitalized Patients With Pulmonary Mycobacterial Diseases In The United States., Mary Beth Wells Allen
Cost Of Care For Hospitalized Patients With Pulmonary Mycobacterial Diseases In The United States., Mary Beth Wells Allen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Pulmonary mycobacterial diseases describe both tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Few data are available measuring the cost burden of mycobacterial diseases on the national level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost burden and measure emerging trends in hospitalization of pulmonary TB and NTM in the US from 2001 through 2012. Methods: This study was a retrospective community based cost analysis of hospitalized patients with a principal diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterial diseases from 2001 through 2012. Data for pulmonary TB and NTM were retrieved from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), US Department of …
The Impact Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act’S Risk Adjustment Program On Adverse Selection : First Year Case Study., Steven K. Zimmerman
The Impact Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act’S Risk Adjustment Program On Adverse Selection : First Year Case Study., Steven K. Zimmerman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In 2014 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) implemented a risk adjustment program to stabilize premiums and neutralize premiums in the individual health insurance marketplace. This dissertation will examine the impact of the ACA risk adjustment program on adverse selection for one insurer during 2014. This study utilized enrollment and claims data for one insurer and employs graphical analysis to test for adverse selection. Previous studies have been unable to utilize actual insurer data to test for adverse selection in under the ACA risk adjustment program. Until the implementation of the ACA, insurers relied on underwriting methods to …
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) Onset And "Remission"., Srikanth Tangelloju
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) Onset And "Remission"., Srikanth Tangelloju
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease condition. As the disease progresses the function of beta (β) cells (cells which regulate insulin) decline, thereby increasing the circulating blood glucose levels. If left unmanaged the disease progresses from onset to development of T2DM related complications and eventually death. When managed, in certain individuals, T2DM onset can be prevented and/or slowed down and in certain T2DM individuals, remission is observed. There are some known modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activities that are associated with the speed and direction of progression, but much is still unknown. In …
Memory And Fine Motor Skill Test Performance Among Children Living Near Coal Ash Storage Sites., Lindsay Koloff Tompkins
Memory And Fine Motor Skill Test Performance Among Children Living Near Coal Ash Storage Sites., Lindsay Koloff Tompkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Coal ash, a byproduct of coal combustion,is reduced in 47 U.S. states andfrequently contains heavy metals, some of which are known neurotoxins. An estimated 1.5 million children live near sites where coal ash is produced andstored, yet there have been no studies assessing coal ash exposure and children’s neuro behavioral health. This study is part of a larger cross-sectional study, Coal Ash and Neuro behavioral Symptoms in Children Aged 6- 14 Years Old, and aimed to determine the relationship between children’s memory and fine motor skill test performance and the proximity of the home to coal ash storage sites, the …
Air Pollution, Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, And The Endothelin System In The Development Of Cardiovascular Injury., Jordan B. Finch
Air Pollution, Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, And The Endothelin System In The Development Of Cardiovascular Injury., Jordan B. Finch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this project was to examine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) as a mediator in the pathway between air pollution exposure and the development of vascular injury. A human cohort and male mice (C57BL/6 and ecSOD-Tg) were used to evaluate changes in the ET-1 system in response to exposures of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Human ET-1 levels were significantly associated with environmental factors and markers of vascular change, but were decreased with increased PM2.5. No association was seen between ET-1 and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) except for EPC-4, possibly indicating a regulatory relationship with this specific population. In …
The Influence Of Nutrition Education And Self-Efficacy On Fruit And Vegetable Consumption For Low-Income Women In Rural West Kentucky., Lewatis Darnell Mcneal
The Influence Of Nutrition Education And Self-Efficacy On Fruit And Vegetable Consumption For Low-Income Women In Rural West Kentucky., Lewatis Darnell Mcneal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: To examine how participation in nutrition education programs, self-efficacy to consume fruit and vegetables and predictor of behavior to eat health foods (POB) influences the consumption of fruit and vegetables for low-income women in west Kentucky eligible or participating in federal supplemental nutrition assistance programs. Methods: A comparative study was conducted between low-income women participating in Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program for Women and Children (WIC) and those eligible for SNAP but were not participating. The study examined consumption in six categories of fruit and vegetables, self-efficacy to consume fruit and vegetables, predictor of behavior to eat healthy foods …
The Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Utilization Of Mental Health Services In West Louisville, Kentucky., Susan Theresa Buchino
The Impact Of Medicaid Expansion On Utilization Of Mental Health Services In West Louisville, Kentucky., Susan Theresa Buchino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mental health is an essential component of overall health status, and mental illnesses are a leading cause of disability. In addition to expanding insurance coverage, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) reinforced parity for mental health services in insurance plans. This mixed-methods study assessed mental health service utilization by an urban and predominately African-American population following the successful implementation of the ACA and Medicaid expansion in Louisville, KY. Claims data from one Medicaid Managed Care Organization were analyzed to assess mental health care utilization patterns pre- and post- Medicaid expansion and determine differences in utilization rates between the Medicaid expansion population …
Leveling The Playing Field Through Partnerships And Collaboration : Neighborhood Revitalizations And The Influence Of Social Determinants Of Health And Institutional Logics., J. M. Bohn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A qualitative study guided by grounded theory was on a Midwest US city (population > 50,000 people), three of its inner city neighborhoods, and community coalition and partnership efforts in neighborhood revitalizations. A two-phase semi-structured interview methodology assessed interviewees’ experiences in initiatives focused on improving social determinants of health in the neighborhoods. Phase I interviews (n= 11) identified the spectrum of partnerships and initiatives while Phase II interviews (n=28) captured detailed experiences of interviewees. Inter-institutional systems and institutional logics theory were applied in the post-data collection analysis. Interviewees were from public and private sectors including: built environment, economic development, residential/commercial property …
Environmental Vegetation : A Possible Association With Cardiovascular Disease Risk., Ray Anthony Yeager Ii
Environmental Vegetation : A Possible Association With Cardiovascular Disease Risk., Ray Anthony Yeager Ii
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The built environment affects numerous aspects of human health and wellbeing, including risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both the U.S. and worldwide. The amount and quality of environmental vegetation, is an important aspect of the built environment that affects known CVD risk factors, including psychosocial stress, health behaviors, and exposure to air pollutants. Nevertheless, little evidence on the role of potential mechanisms and geographic scale in these relationships exists. Of previous studies that describe associations between vegetation and CVD outcomes, limited investigation has been performed to assess these observed relationships in differing …