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The Ecology And Evolution Of Patience In Two New World Monkeys, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Elizabeth V. Hallinan, Marc D. Hauser

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Decision making often involves choosing between small, short-term rewards and large, long-term rewards. All animals, humans included, discount future rewards—the present value of delayed rewards is viewed as less than the value of immediate rewards. Despite its ubiquity, there exists considerable but unexplained variation between species in their capacity to wait for rewards—that is, to exert patience or self-control. Using two closely related primates—common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)— we uncover a variable that may explain differences in how species discount future rewards. Both species faced a self-control paradigm in which individuals chose …