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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Competence-Related Abilities Of Adolescent Defendants In Criminal Court, Norman Poythress, Frances Lexcen, Thomas Grisso, Laurence Steinberg
The Competence-Related Abilities Of Adolescent Defendants In Criminal Court, Norman Poythress, Frances Lexcen, Thomas Grisso, Laurence Steinberg
Norman Poythress
Increasing numbers of youths are being tried in criminal court because of statutory measures that have decreased the use of judicial review as the primary mechanism for transfer. The relative immaturity of adolescents suggests that transferred youths might have impaired competence-related abilities compared to adults. To test this hypothesis, we compared the competence-related abilities and developmental characteristics of a sample of direct-filed 16-17-year-olds charged in criminal court in the state of Florida (Direct File sample) to a sample of 18-24-year-old adults charged in criminal courts (Adult Offender sample) and to a separate sample of 16-17-year-olds charged in juvenile court (Juvenile …
Intimate Partner Violence Against Deaf Female College Students, Melissa Anderson, Irene Leigh
Intimate Partner Violence Against Deaf Female College Students, Melissa Anderson, Irene Leigh
Melissa L. Anderson
It has been estimated that roughly 25% of all Deaf women in the United States are victims of intimate partner violence (Abused Deaf Women's Advocacy Services [ADWAS]), a figure similar to annual prevalence rates of 16% to 30% for intimate partners in the general population. One goal of the present study was to ascertain the prevalence of intimate partner violence victimization in a sample of Deaf female college students. When comparing the prevalence of physical assault, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion victimization to hearing female undergraduates, the current sample was approximately two times as likely to have experienced victimization in …
Black Deaf Individuals' Reading Skills: Influence Of Asl, Culture, Family Characteristics, Reading Experience, And Education, Candace Myers, M. Diane Clark, Millicent Musyoka, Melissa Anderson, Gizelle Gilbert, Selina Agyen, Peter Hauser
Black Deaf Individuals' Reading Skills: Influence Of Asl, Culture, Family Characteristics, Reading Experience, And Education, Candace Myers, M. Diane Clark, Millicent Musyoka, Melissa Anderson, Gizelle Gilbert, Selina Agyen, Peter Hauser
Melissa L. Anderson
Previous research on the reading abilities of Deaf individuals from various cultural groups suggests that Black Deaf and Hispanic Deaf individuals lag behind their White Deaf peers. The present study compared the reading skills of Black Deaf and White Deaf individuals, investigating the influence of American Sign Language (ASL), culture, family characteristics, reading experience, and education. (The descriptor Black is used throughout the present article, as Black Deaf individuals prefer this term to African American. For purposes of parallel construction, the term White is used instead of European American.) It was found that Black Deaf study participants scored lower on …
Managed Mental Health Care's Effects On Arrest And Forensic Commitment, William Fisher, Sharon-Lise Normand, Barbara Dickey, Ira Packer, Albert Grudzinskas, Hocine Azeni
Managed Mental Health Care's Effects On Arrest And Forensic Commitment, William Fisher, Sharon-Lise Normand, Barbara Dickey, Ira Packer, Albert Grudzinskas, Hocine Azeni
Ira K Packer
No abstract provided.
Long-Stay Patients In State Psychiatric Hospitals At The End Of The 20th Century, William Fisher, Paul Barreira, Jeffrey Geller, Andrew White, Alisa Lincoln, Marylou Sudders
Long-Stay Patients In State Psychiatric Hospitals At The End Of The 20th Century, William Fisher, Paul Barreira, Jeffrey Geller, Andrew White, Alisa Lincoln, Marylou Sudders
Alisa Lincoln
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the characteristics of long-stay patients in contemporary state psychiatric hospitals and to identify factors representing possible barriers to alternative placements for these patients. METHODS: All patients in inpatient units of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health who had been hospitalized for at least three years as of April 1, 1999, were assessed by their treatment teams with a standardized data collection instrument. Domains assessed included medical problems, need for nursing care, psychiatric diagnosis, and history of problematic behaviors. RESULTS: The 330 individuals identified as long-stay patients had an array of medical …
Why Not Support(Ed) Parenting, Joanne Nicholson, William Deveney
Why Not Support(Ed) Parenting, Joanne Nicholson, William Deveney
Joanne Nicholson
No abstract provided.
A Survey Of Programs For Parents With Mental Illness And Their Families: Identifying Common Elements To Build The Evidence Base, Beth Hinden, Kathleen Biebel, Joanne Nicholson, Alexis Henry, Judith Katz-Leavy
A Survey Of Programs For Parents With Mental Illness And Their Families: Identifying Common Elements To Build The Evidence Base, Beth Hinden, Kathleen Biebel, Joanne Nicholson, Alexis Henry, Judith Katz-Leavy
Joanne Nicholson
Little is known about the effectiveness of interventions for families living with parental mental illness. Existing interventions offer information about successfully implemented treatments, which may demonstrate effectiveness in research. In the current study, directors of programs for parents with mental illness and their families were interviewed. Qualitative analyses revealed noteworthy similarities with respect to target population; funding; community context; agency context; mission, theoretical orientation, and assumptions; locus of care and essential services; desired outcomes; and moderators. Program similarities were identified to provide parameters for research, and to contribute to the development of testable hypotheses. Family-centered, strengths-based approaches were identified across …
Privatized Medicaid Managed Care In Massachusetts: Disposition In Child And Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies, Joanne Nicholson, Stephen Young, Lorna Simon, William Fisher, Anne Bateman
Privatized Medicaid Managed Care In Massachusetts: Disposition In Child And Adolescent Mental Health Emergencies, Joanne Nicholson, Stephen Young, Lorna Simon, William Fisher, Anne Bateman
Joanne Nicholson
Data from child and adolescent emergency mental health screening episodes prior and subsequent to privatized Medicaid managed care in Massachusetts are used to investigate the relationship between payer source and disposition and to compare the match between clinical need and disposition level of care. Having Medicaid as the payer in the post-Medicaid managed care period decreased the odds of hospitalization by nearly 60%. None of the clinical need variables that contributed to hospitalization for Medicaid episodes in the pre-Medicaid managed care period were significant in the post-Medicaid managed care period. Multiple forces shaping professional standards, decision making, and quality of …
A Qualitative Study Of Programs For Parents With Serious Mental Illness And Their Children: Building Practice-Based Evidence, Joanne Nicholson, Beth Hinden, Kathleen Biebel, Alexis Henry, Judith Katz-Leavy
A Qualitative Study Of Programs For Parents With Serious Mental Illness And Their Children: Building Practice-Based Evidence, Joanne Nicholson, Beth Hinden, Kathleen Biebel, Alexis Henry, Judith Katz-Leavy
Joanne Nicholson
The rationale for the development of effective programs for parents with serious mental illness and their children is compelling. Using qualitative methods and a grounded theory approach with data obtained in site visits, seven existing programs for parents with mental illness and their children in the United States are described and compared across core components: target population, theory and assumptions, funding, community and agency contexts, essential services and intervention strategies, moderators, and outcomes. The diversity across programs is strongly complemented by shared characteristics, the identification of which provides the foundation for future testing and the development of an evidence base. …
Achieving The Goal Of Evidence-Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practices For Mothers With Mental Illnesses, Joanne Nicholson, Alexis Henry
Achieving The Goal Of Evidence-Based Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practices For Mothers With Mental Illnesses, Joanne Nicholson, Alexis Henry
Joanne Nicholson
There is a growing commitment to evidence-based practices in mental health. There is no well-articulated evidence base for interventions for mothers with mental illnesses. Parenthood is common among women with mental illnesses. Women themselves report motherhood is an important role. The risks of parental mental illness to children have been demonstrated; the challenges that motherhood brings to people with mental illnesses have been described. Because outcomes for both children and adults are multiply determined, there are many intervention opportunities. Recommendations for intervention are drawn from a focus group study and from the existing literature on parent training and support, exemplary …
The Internet, Health Promotion, And Community Participation, Joanne Nicholson, Armando Rotondi
The Internet, Health Promotion, And Community Participation, Joanne Nicholson, Armando Rotondi
Joanne Nicholson
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of The Health And Mental Health Status Of Homeless Mothers In Worcester, Mass: 1993 And 2003, Linda Weinreb, John Buckner, Valerie Williams, Joanne Nicholson
A Comparison Of The Health And Mental Health Status Of Homeless Mothers In Worcester, Mass: 1993 And 2003, Linda Weinreb, John Buckner, Valerie Williams, Joanne Nicholson
Joanne Nicholson
OBJECTIVES: We assessed background characteristics, health status, and prevalence rates of mental health disorders in 2 studies of homeless mothers conducted in Worcester, Mass, one in 1993 and the other in 2003.
METHODS: We compared the women taking part in the 2 studies, which involved similar methodologies, on the key variables of interest over time.
RESULTS: Homeless families taking part in the 2003 study were poorer than those taking part in the 1993 study, and female heads of household in that study reported more physical health limitations, major depressive illness, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
CONCLUSION: Data from 2003 suggest that …
The Responsiveness Of State Mental Health Authorities To Parents With Mental Illness, Kathleen Biebel, Joanne Nicholson, Valerie Williams, Beth Hinden
The Responsiveness Of State Mental Health Authorities To Parents With Mental Illness, Kathleen Biebel, Joanne Nicholson, Valerie Williams, Beth Hinden
Joanne Nicholson
The majority of adults with serious mental illness living in the community are parents, many of whom may be receiving services from State Mental Health Authorities (SMHA). Innovative intervention approaches are available to improve outcomes for these parents and their children. Analyses of SMHA and state-level data, as well as qualitative interviews of administrators, service providers, and consumers, underscore the importance of organizational structure and philosophy, an advocacy presence, and available funding to SMHA efforts on behalf of parents and their families.
State Policies And Programs That Address The Needs Of Mentally Ill Mothers In The Public Sector, Joanne Nicholson, Jeffrey Geller, William Fisher, George Dion
State Policies And Programs That Address The Needs Of Mentally Ill Mothers In The Public Sector, Joanne Nicholson, Jeffrey Geller, William Fisher, George Dion
Joanne Nicholson
OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether state departments of mental health have specific policies and programs addressing the needs of mentally ill women served in the public sector who have preschool-age children. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to the commissioner of mental health for each state and the District of Columbia. Questions addressed whether information was routinely collected on the parenting status of women who receive public-sector psychiatric services, whether services targeting mentally ill women with young children were available, and whether the state had policies concerning hospitalized women who are pregnant or who have young children. RESULTS: Sixteen …
A Comparison Of Mothers With Co-Occurring Disorders And Histories Of Violence Living With Or Separated From Minor Children, Joanne Nicholson, Norma Finkelstein, Valerie Williams, Jennifer Thom, Chanson Noether, Megan Devilbiss
A Comparison Of Mothers With Co-Occurring Disorders And Histories Of Violence Living With Or Separated From Minor Children, Joanne Nicholson, Norma Finkelstein, Valerie Williams, Jennifer Thom, Chanson Noether, Megan Devilbiss
Joanne Nicholson
Data from the Women with Co-occurring Disorders and Histories of Violence Study are used to examine characteristics distinguishing mothers currently providing care for all their minor children (n = 558) from mothers separated from one or more minor children (n = 1396). Mothers are described and compared on background characteristics and experiences, well-being and current functioning, situational context, and services used. Analyses control for number of children, race, and years of education. Mothers separated from children have more children, less education, have more often been homeless, in juvenile detention or jail, and have lower incomes than mothers living with all …
Integrating Behavioral Health Services For Homeless Mothers And Children In Primary Care, Linda Weinreb, Joanne Nicholson, Valerie Williams, Frances Anthes
Integrating Behavioral Health Services For Homeless Mothers And Children In Primary Care, Linda Weinreb, Joanne Nicholson, Valerie Williams, Frances Anthes
Joanne Nicholson
This article describes an innovative trauma-informed care management model in which mental health, substance abuse, and support services are integrated for homeless families in primary care. The rationale for service integration in a health care setting is discussed and the conceptual underpinnings of the model are elaborated, drawing from the literature and clinical experience. Service encounter data collected by each staff member over a 1-year period (N = 7,214 encounters) allow for description of program functions and provider roles and activities, an essential step in developing the fidelity indicators necessary for future program replication and rigorous testing in additional settings. …
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Service Needs Of Women, Carol Mowbray, Joanne Nicholson, Chyrell Bellamy
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Service Needs Of Women, Carol Mowbray, Joanne Nicholson, Chyrell Bellamy
Joanne Nicholson
No abstract provided.
Supporting Parents With Psychiatric Disabilities And Promoting Recovery: An International Challenge, Peter Van Der Ende, Joanne Nicholson
Supporting Parents With Psychiatric Disabilities And Promoting Recovery: An International Challenge, Peter Van Der Ende, Joanne Nicholson
Joanne Nicholson
Introduction: Parenting is a significant life role for adults with psychiatric disabilities. Not only is success in this role a normal life goal for many, but functioning as well as possible as parents would seem to be intimately related to the recovery process and successful functioning in other major life domains. Research on the prevalence and needs of parents with psychiatric disabilities in two countries, the U.S. and The Netherlands, provides the framework for developing and testing interventions. Essential program components include supports for parents in meeting their children’s needs as well as managing their own. Research Question: What are …
Commentary On "Community Mental Health Care For Women With Severe Mental Illness Who Are Parents" - The Tragedy Of Missed Opportunities: Of Missed Opportunities: What Providers Can Do, Joanne Nicholson, Kathleen Biebel
Commentary On "Community Mental Health Care For Women With Severe Mental Illness Who Are Parents" - The Tragedy Of Missed Opportunities: Of Missed Opportunities: What Providers Can Do, Joanne Nicholson, Kathleen Biebel
Joanne Nicholson
Women and men who meet criteria for psychiatric disorder are likely to be parents. Many go undiagnosed and untreated, putting themselves and their children at risk of poor outcomes. Adults with mental illness may fear disclosing their status as parents; providers may not ask. Practices can be modified to promote the well being of parents with mental illness and their children.
Impact Of Medicaid Managed Care On Child And Adolescent Emergency Mental Health Screening In Massachusetts, Joanne Nicholson, Stephen Young, Lorna Simon, Anne Bateman, William Fisher
Impact Of Medicaid Managed Care On Child And Adolescent Emergency Mental Health Screening In Massachusetts, Joanne Nicholson, Stephen Young, Lorna Simon, Anne Bateman, William Fisher
Joanne Nicholson
OBJECTIVE: The study evaluated the impact of Medicaid managed care on decision making during emergency mental health screening and the outcomes of such screening for children and adolescents. METHODS: Data on client attributes and on system characteristics (payer, referral source, and disposition) were available for 297 Medicaid and non-Medicaid episodes of emergency mental health screening that occurred one year before the implementation of a statewide managed Medicaid program in Massachusetts and 393 episodes that occurred one year after implementation. Outcomes included changes in the volume of service provided and in the pattern of dispositions, particularly inpatient admissions. RESULTS: Although the …
A National Survey Of State Mental Health Authority Programs And Policies For Clients Who Are Parents: A Decade Later, Kathleen Biebel, Joanne Nicholson, Jeffrey Geller, William Fisher
A National Survey Of State Mental Health Authority Programs And Policies For Clients Who Are Parents: A Decade Later, Kathleen Biebel, Joanne Nicholson, Jeffrey Geller, William Fisher
Joanne Nicholson
This study presents a survey of State Mental Health Authorities' (SMHA) programs and policies addressing the needs of adult clients in their role as parent. Six program and policy areas (parent status identification, parent-focused residential programs, parent functioning assessment, outpatient services for parents, policies for hospitalized parents, and policies for hospitalized pregnant women) are examined. Results of the most recent 1999 survey are compared with results from a similar 1990 survey. This comparison reveals that the majority of SMHAs continue to overlook adult clients in their parenting role, and few SMHA programs and policies address issues of parenting.