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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Sustained Sensitizing Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha On Sensory Nerves In Lung And Airways, Ruei-Lung Lin, Qihai Gu, Mehdi Khosravi, Lu-Yuan Lee
Sustained Sensitizing Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha On Sensory Nerves In Lung And Airways, Ruei-Lung Lin, Qihai Gu, Mehdi Khosravi, Lu-Yuan Lee
Physiology Faculty Publications
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory diseases. Inhalation of aerosolized TNFα induced airway hyperresponsiveness accompanied by airway inflammation in healthy human subjects, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We recently reported a series of studies aimed to investigate if TNFα elevates the sensitivity of vagal bronchopulmonary sensory nerves in a mouse model; these studies are summarized in this mini-review. Our results showed that intratracheal instillation of TNFα induced pronounced airway inflammation 24 hours later, as illustrated by infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils and the release of inflammatory mediators and …
Associative Learning Contributes To The Increased Water Intake Observed After Daily Injections Of Angiotensin Ii, Maggie Postolache, Jessica Santollo, Derek Daniels
Associative Learning Contributes To The Increased Water Intake Observed After Daily Injections Of Angiotensin Ii, Maggie Postolache, Jessica Santollo, Derek Daniels
Biology Faculty Publications
Daily injections of angiotensin II (AngII) cause a progressive increase of water intake that resembles a classically ascribed non-associative sensitization. Consistent with the presumption that the observed increase in intake was sensitization, we hypothesized that it resulted from a pharmacological interaction between AngII and its receptor. To test this hypothesis, and remove the influence of drinking itself, we implemented a delay in water access after injection of AngII (icv) on four consecutive ‘induction days,’ and then measured intake on the next day (‘test day’) when rats were allowed to drink immediately after AngII. The delay in water access effectively reduced …
Cib2 Interacts With Tmc1 And Tmc2 And Is Essential For Mechanotransduction In Auditory Hair Cells, Arnaud P. J. Giese, Yi-Quan Tang, Ghanshyam P. Sinha, Michael R. Bowl, Adam C. Goldring, Andrew Parker, Mary J. Freeman, Steve D. M. Brown, Saima Riazuddin, Robert Fettiplace, William R. Schafer, Gregory I. Frolenkov, Zubair M. Ahmed
Cib2 Interacts With Tmc1 And Tmc2 And Is Essential For Mechanotransduction In Auditory Hair Cells, Arnaud P. J. Giese, Yi-Quan Tang, Ghanshyam P. Sinha, Michael R. Bowl, Adam C. Goldring, Andrew Parker, Mary J. Freeman, Steve D. M. Brown, Saima Riazuddin, Robert Fettiplace, William R. Schafer, Gregory I. Frolenkov, Zubair M. Ahmed
Physiology Faculty Publications
Inner ear hair cells detect sound through deflection of stereocilia, the microvilli-like projections that are arranged in rows of graded heights. Calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 is essential for hearing and localizes to stereocilia, but its exact function is unknown. Here, we have characterized two mutant mouse lines, one lacking calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 and one carrying a human deafness-related Cib2 mutation, and show that both are deaf and exhibit no mechanotransduction in auditory hair cells, despite the presence of tip links that gate the mechanotransducer channels. In addition, mechanotransducing shorter row stereocilia overgrow in hair cell bundles of …
Reduced Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Number Alters Muscle Morphology After Chronic Stretch But Allows Limited Serial Sarcomere Addition, Matthew C. Kinney, Sudarshan Dayanidhi, Peter B. Dykstra, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson, Richard L. Lieber
Reduced Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Number Alters Muscle Morphology After Chronic Stretch But Allows Limited Serial Sarcomere Addition, Matthew C. Kinney, Sudarshan Dayanidhi, Peter B. Dykstra, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson, Richard L. Lieber
Physiology Faculty Publications
Introduction: Muscles add sarcomeres in response to stretch, presumably to maintain optimal sarcomere length. Clinical evidence from patients with cerebral palsy, who have both decreased serial sarcomere number and reduced satellite cells (SCs), suggests a hypothesis that SCs may be involved in sarcomere addition. Methods: A transgenic Pax7‐DTA mouse model underwent conditional SC depletion, and their soleii were then stretch‐immobilized to assess the capacity for sarcomere addition. Muscle architecture, morphology, and extracellular matrix (ECM) changes were also evaluated. Results: Mice in the SC‐reduced group achieved normal serial sarcomere addition in response to stretch. However, muscle fiber cross‐sectional …
Micrornas, Heart Failure, And Aging: Potential Interactions With Skeletal Muscle, Kevin A. Murach, John J. Mccarthy
Micrornas, Heart Failure, And Aging: Potential Interactions With Skeletal Muscle, Kevin A. Murach, John J. Mccarthy
Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. MiRNAs can be expressed tissue specifically and are altered in response to various physiological conditions. It has recently been shown that miRNAs are released into the circulation, potentially for the purpose of communicating with distant tissues. This manuscript discusses miRNA alterations in cardiac muscle and the circulation during heart failure, a prevalent and costly public health issue. A potential mechanism for how skeletal muscle maladaptations during heart failure could be mediated by myocardium-derived miRNAs released to the circulation is presented. An overview …
Myocardial Relaxation Is Accelerated By Fast Stretch, Not Reduced Afterload, Charles S. Chung, Charles W. Hoopes, Kenneth S. Campbell
Myocardial Relaxation Is Accelerated By Fast Stretch, Not Reduced Afterload, Charles S. Chung, Charles W. Hoopes, Kenneth S. Campbell
Physiology Faculty Publications
Fast relaxation of cross-bridge generated force in the myocardium facilitates efficient diastolic function. Recently published research studying mechanisms that modulate the relaxation rate has focused on molecular factors. Mechanical factors have received less attention since the 1980s when seminal work established the theory that reducing afterload accelerates the relaxation rate. Clinical trials using afterload reducing drugs, partially based on this theory, have thus far failed to improve outcomes for patients with diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, we reevaluated the protocols that suggest reducing afterload accelerates the relaxation rate and identified that myocardial relengthening was a potential confounding factor. We hypothesized that the …