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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Investigating The Mitochondrial Protein Mitoneet In C. Elegans Models Of Aging And Alzheimer's Disease, Jacob Ryan Boos
Investigating The Mitochondrial Protein Mitoneet In C. Elegans Models Of Aging And Alzheimer's Disease, Jacob Ryan Boos
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and elimination, favoring the former. Reactive oxygen species serve as important signaling molecules for physiological homeostasis. However, when produced in excess, these once important signaling molecules become detrimental, disrupting cellular functions, and ultimately leading to cell death. In aging, reactive oxygen species production is increased, accompanied with reductions in oxidative stress resistance, increasing the risk for developing age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. The outer mitochondrial membrane iron-sulfur cluster containing protein mitoNEET (CISD1; gene CISD1) has shown to be a mediator of mitochondrial function and …
Tobacco/Hiv-1-Induced Myeloid Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Hiv-1 Pathogenesis, Sanjana Haque
Tobacco/Hiv-1-Induced Myeloid Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles In Hiv-1 Pathogenesis, Sanjana Haque
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Introduction. Smoking, which is highly prevalent in people living with HIV/AIDS, has been shown to exacerbate HIV-1 replication, in part via cytochrome P450 (CYP)-induced oxidative stress. CYP enzymes metabolize cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), causing oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Our previous studies have demonstrated that CSC and specific CSC constituents, benzo(a)pyrene and nicotine, potentially induce CYPs, resulting in higher oxidative stress and subsequent exacerbation of HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages. However, the exact mechanism behind tobacco-induced, oxidative stress-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 replication is still poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently gained attention for their unique nature as intercellular messengers …
Mechanisms Of Dopamine-Induced Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Melinda L. Asbury
Mechanisms Of Dopamine-Induced Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Melinda L. Asbury
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Methamphetamine (MA) neurotoxicity is particularly evident in the striatum where it causes extensive dopamine (DA) release and results in neurodegeneration. To identify specific signaling pathways and macromolecules involved in postsynaptic DA-induced striatal toxicity we used a SK-N-MC cell model that mimics postsynaptic D1 receptor-expressing striatal neurons. The cells were treated for 6-24 h with 0-50 µM DA. The concentration was chosen to impart physiological relevance to the study as it mirrors [DA] found within the striatum following MA exposure. We show that 25-50 µM DA resulted in protein changes consistent with nitro(oxidative) stress as well as enhanced cleavage of caspase …
Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study, Rachel A. Murphy
Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study, Rachel A. Murphy
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Tenofovir (TFV) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat HIV and chronic Hepatitis B. It has a long half-life, allowing for once a day dosing and is effective in treatment of both naive and experienced patients. It is administered orally as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and is deesterified in plasma to the active drug TFV. However, renal impairment is associated with its use; TFV can induce decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and free calcitriol, renal failure, and Fanconi Syndrome. The exact mechanism of toxicity currently remains unknown, largely …
Role Of Oxidative Reactive Species And Antioxidants In Metabolism And Transport Of Therapeutic Drugs, Svetlana Verenich
Role Of Oxidative Reactive Species And Antioxidants In Metabolism And Transport Of Therapeutic Drugs, Svetlana Verenich
Theses and Dissertations
Oxidative stress (OS) is a frequent complication of various disease conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, preeclampsia, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes including gestational diabetes, etc. OS is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the ability of an organism to detoxify the reactive intermediates and repair the damage. As a result of OS, the excess of reactive species such as oxygen superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OH), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), etc., have a tendency to react with nearby proteins/nucleic acids/lipids changing their functionality or inactivating them completely. The organism has many ways to protect itself …