Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Efficacy Of Female Rat Models In Translational Cardiovascular Aging Research, Kevin M. Rice, J. C. Fannin, C. Gillette, Eric Blough

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. Aging is a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Aging is a universal process that all humans undergo; however, research in aging is limited by cost and time constraints. Therefore, most research in aging has been done in primates and rodents; however it is unknown how well the effects of aging in rat models translate into humans. To compound the complication of aging gender has also been indicated as a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. …

Research News: 2014, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy

Research News: Grants and Publications (2000-2014)

Grants and contracts recently awarded

Hemagglutinin-Based Polyanhydride Nanovaccines Against H5n1 Influenza Elicit Protective Virus Neutralizing Titers And Cell-Mediated Immunity., Kathleen A. Ross, Hyelee Loyd, Wuwei Wu, Lucas Huntimer, Shaheen Ahmed, Anthony R. Sambol, Scott Broderick, Zachary Flickinger, Krishna Rajan, Tatiana K. Bronich, Surya Mallapragada, Michael J. Wannemuehler, Susan Carpenter, Balaji Narasimhan

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

H5N1 avian influenza is a significant global concern with the potential to become the next pandemic threat. Recombinant subunit vaccines are an attractive alternative for pandemic vaccines compared to traditional vaccine technologies. In particular, polyanhydride nanoparticles encapsulating subunit proteins have been shown to enhance humoral and cell-mediated immunity and provide protection upon lethal challenge. In this work, a recombinant H5 hemagglutinin trimer (H5₃) was produced and encapsulated into polyanhydride nanoparticles. The studies performed indicated that the recombinant H5₃ antigen was a robust immunogen. Immunizing mice with H5₃ encapsulated into polyanhydride nanoparticles induced high neutralizing antibody titers and enhanced CD4(+) T …

Pharmacist Consult Service In Geriatric Trauma Patients, Vanessa M. Gleason, Pharm D., Rohit A. Moghe, Pharm D., Msph, Cde, Doris Warner, Msn, Rn, Cen, Michael S. Weinstein, Md, Facs

Pharmacy Presentations, Posters, and Grand Rounds

Introduction

• Geriatric patients (> 65 years of age) have a 3-5% incremental increase in annual occurrence of trauma making it a top five leading cause of death in this population.

• The mortality rate ranges from 15-30%, which is 4-5 times higher than younger patients.

• In 2011, data from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation (PTSF) demonstrated nearly 32% of injured patients statewide and nearly 50% of the trauma patients at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) were > 65 years.

• Most geriatric patients have comorbidities that are treated with many medications, which may predispose them for falls.

• Although …

Pharmacy Student-Led Evaluation Of Patient Willingness For Smoking Cessation Utilizing Various Smoking Cessation Methods, Anita Peña, Matthew Stryker, Angela Nagel, Nabila Ahmed-Sarwar

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Purpose: The ever-growing variety of methods available for smoking cessation have the potential to lead to confusion influencing a patient’s willingness to quit smoking. The aim of this study is to investigate if a change in patient motivation and product preference has occurred after receiving education on the various smoking cessation products

Methods : An informative poster was created to highlight different smoking cessation methods .A questionnaire was developed to assess patient motivation to quit utilizing the ‘Readiness to Quit Ladder’ and patient experiences with or preference between various smoking cessation methods.1The poster was displayed in various pharmacy settings, including …

Retrospective Study To Identify Predictors Of Withdrawal In Pediatric Intensive Care Patients On Long-Term Sedation, Lindsay Fakete Pharmd, Jenny Boucher Pharmd, Jd, Bcps, Scott Wheatley Md

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

Medication Reconciliation Of Medically-Complex Emergency Department Patients By Second-Year Professional Pharmacy Students, Lauren Haines, Neal S. Fox, Rachel Bull, Jeb Ballentine, Zachary Jenkins

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

ABSTRACT:

Background: There is a high potential for medication discrepancies to occur during patient care transitions. However, health professionals must find ways to reduce these and improve patient care, such as with medication reconciliation. This intervention is used to identify a patient’s most accurate medication list by comparing the medical record to another list obtained from the patient, hospital, or other provider. Pharmacists have a major role in this process because of their medicinal expertise, but paying them is expensive, so using students may be more cost-effective. Research has examined fourth-year professional pharmacy students (P4s) performing medication reconciliation …

Assessing Patient Adherence And Satisfaction: Clinical Services Beyond The Pharmacy Counter, Thaddeus Franz, Bryan Feldmann, Colin J. Behm, Danielle Grear, Jeremy Flikkema

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Medication adherence is a bigger problem than many of us are willing to admit. If patients do not take their medications as prescribed, they will not get the full therapeutic benefits and will put themselves at risk if serious harm. An estimated 125,000 deaths occur in the United States annually due to non-adherence. The objective of this study is to establish a pharmacy intervention model that best provides patient satisfaction and improved medication adherence through the use of home visits and follow-up calls by pharmacists and pharmacy interns at Clark’s Pharmacy. In order to do this, patients receiving home visits …

Azithromycin Use In Upper Respiratory Infection, Charles D. Snyder, Sarah Winey, Scarlet Lau, Ryley Uber, Mouhannad Saad, Rebecca Widder, Douglas Anderson

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Antibiotic resistance is a problem that is growing worldwide. Misuse and overprescribing of antibiotics leads to a rise in pathogens that are resistant to the conventional drugs prescribed, causing increases in morbidity and mortality rates. Antibiotic resistance occurs when microbes still survive despite the presence of an antibiotic. The remaining microbes grow in strength and multiply until there is a population that are now resistant to treatment. One such treatment is azithromycin, an antibiotic often prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections (URI). A URI is any infection of the respiratory tract from the nasal cavities to the larynx that can …

Assessing Student Empathy For Hemodialysis Patients, Stephanie M. Cailor, Logan Conkey, Laura K. Farleman, Rachel M. Wilcox, Emily M. Laswell

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Hemodialysis is a treatment process utilized by kidney patients to filter their blood. These patients are required to undergo an intensive regimen including hemodialysis treatments multiple times per week lasting 3-5 hours each. As a result of hemodialysis, patients experience decreased autonomy, freedom, and independence. An estimated 50% of these patients do not adhere to their treatment regimen. Patients on hemodialysis may be more compliant to their treatment if they are satisfied with the level of care and empathy they perceive from their healthcare providers. Currently there is no literature measuring empathy levels of healthcare professionals or students towards patients …

Gmo Vs. Non-Gmo: Comparing The Addictiveness Of Corn In Rats, Aric Carroll, Sara L. Hill, Kelly A. Huston, Tyler Michael, Courtney Noll, Melissa J. Beck, Ginger D. Cameron

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) refer to organisms whose DNA has been altered to produce a certain characteristic. GMOs account for a significant proportion of the crops produced in the United States. Specifically, GMO corn accounted for approximately 88% of all corn grown for human and animal consumption in the year 2012. Previously conducted studies have not uniformly demonstrated the safe use of GMO corn, and no studies have been conducted analyzing the addictiveness of GMO corn.

The idea of addiction refers to more than just a physical dependence, but to a psychological dependence on something as well. It is sometimes …

A Measure Of The Amount Of Vitamin K Leached Out From Cooked Greens In Potlicker, Douglas Anderson, Kara Bobka, Matthew Johnson, Chelsea Manion, Samuel Tesfaye, Rebecca Widder, Joshua Willoughby

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized by plants, is found in large quantities within green leafy vegetables, such as collard, mustard, turnip and spinach. These greens are commonly cooked with fat to enhance flavor. The vitamin K in these greens can leach out during cooking into the liquid portion of the pot, which is referred to as potlicker. Vitamin K activates clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X,), which can lead to the formation of a thromboembolism (blood clot). People at a higher risk of forming blood clots are often prescribed warfarin, an anti-coagulant that acts as a competitive inhibitor …

Community Education On Mtm Services, Kristin Lessig, Lindsay Mailloux, Jacob Davis, Samantha Smolinski, Stephen Yeboah, Aleda M.H. Chen, Thaddeus T. Franz, Ginger D. Cameron, Jenna Lawhead

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract

Background

Medication nonadherence, defined as “the number of doses not taken or taken incorrectly that jeopardizes the patient’s therapeutic outcome,” is a major health problem with about 43% of the general population nonadherent to their medications. Medication nonadherence accounts for an estimated 125,000 deaths per year in the US, 33-69% of medication-related hospital readmissions, and an estimated $100 to $300 billion in direct and indirect medical costs. Medication therapy management (MTM), defined as “a distinct service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients,” has been found to reduce medication nonadherence. However, many individuals eligible for …

Top 10 Medicinal Plants And Their Groundbreaking Impact On Modern Medicine, Jordan N. Patterson, Joan Marie Lausier

Senior Honors Projects

This paper describes ten plants that having been groundbreaking drugs in the past century that were all derived from plants. I chose to do my project on this topic because of my family’s history with natural medicine. In 1999 my mother was diagnosed with Bile Duct cancer and the doctors gave her only a couple of weeks to live. The doctors recommended chemotherapy and radiation, but the results seemed negative for the situation. After some extensive research, my parents found St. Georges Medicinal Wellness Center located in the tiny village of Bad Aibling, Germany. This hospital along with offering traditional …

Altered Cell-Surface Receptor Levels Result From Fructose Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Inflammation, Matthew Stryker, Regina Blackley, Melinda E. Lull

Doctoral External Publications

Objective: As a result of the heightened reactivity fructose demonstrates compared to glucose and our current knowledge of glucose advanced glycation end-products, the aim of this research was to further elucidate the proinflammatory pathways involved in the response to fru-AGE exposure, including the effects of fru-AGEs on cell-surface receptor expression. We hypothesized that once microglia were activated in response to fru-AGE exposure, there would be an increase in the expression of RAGE and TLR4 to facilitate the proinflammatory cascade.

The Differential Effects Of Fructose And Glucose On Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation And Cellular Damage In Vitro, Regina Blackley, Matthew Stryker, Susan Denapoli, Melinda E. Lull

Doctoral External Publications

The protective mechanisms of microglia cells help to maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and function.1 Microglia are innate immune cells that constantly survey their surrounding CNS microenvironment for pathogens, damaged cells, and inflammatory molecules. Sugars from our diet, including glucose and fructose, combine with endogenous proteins non-enzymatically and form advanced glycation-end products (AGEs).2 AGEs are shown to produce reactive oxygen species, leading to inflammation and cellular damage that may be mediated by microglia.3 Fructose consumption has become increasingly prevalent within the American diet, as it is a lower cost sweetener.4 Microglia become activated and phagocytic in the presence of …

Educating Pharmacists And The Public About The Role Of Over-The-Counter Medications In The Management Of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jillian M. Bankoff, Melinda E. Lull

Doctoral External Publications

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are used by various populations as an adjunct to help improve various aspects of life, such as sleep cycles, disease prevention, and mood. The purpose of this study is to compile all of the available data from human trials of over-the-counter medications used in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). OTCs have been used in the treatment of ASD to minimize social impairments, suppress repetitive behaviors, and enhance quality of sleep to improve daytime behaviors. Ultimately, the main objectives of this project are to educate pharmacists and the public (both patients and their families) about the role …

An Examination Of The Effects Of Atorvastatin And Parathyroid Hormone On Osteoblast Activity, Inlok Lam, Andrea Traina, Melinda E. Lull

Doctoral External Publications

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are a ubiquitous class of medication used for lowering cholesterol. In-vitro and animal studies have suggested that statins can activate osteoblast differentiation and have anabolic effects on bones; however, observational and experimental studies in humans have shown conflicting results.1-5 The exact mechanism of statins on bone growth is unknown; however, there are several hypotheses. The “Lipid Hypothesis” (Figure 1) suggests that lipid oxidation leads to activation of PPARγ, and production of isoprostanes including isoPGF2α and isoPGEα. PPARγ is associated with inhibition of osteoblast differentiation, while isoprostanes markers are associated with the induction of …

Development And Implementation Of Peer-Led Weekly Review Sessions And The Assessment Of Their Impact On Student Learning, Alyssa L. Ashworth, Inlok Lam, Nicole E. Moore, Melinda E. Lull

Doctoral External Publications

Peer tutoring services for a pathophysiology and therapeutics course have historically been made available to pharmacy students, but they were greatly underutilized. The role of peer tutors had been exclusively to hold office hours during which students could ask questions or review material. Peer tutoring services were updated and expanded based on the needs of the students. The objectives of this project were to develop, implement, and assess the impact of peer-led organized weekly review sessions in a pathophysiology and therapeutics course.

Formulation And Stability Of An Extemporaneously Compounded Oral Solution Of Chlorpromazine Hcl, Daniel L. Prohotsky, Katherine Juba, Fang Zhao

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine antipsychotic which is often used in hospice and palliative care to treat hiccups, delirium, and nausea. With the discontinuation of the commercial oral solution concentrate, there is a need to prepare this product by extemporaneous compounding. This study was initiated to identify an easy-to-prepare formulation for the compounding pharmacist. A stability study was also conducted to select the proper storage conditions and establish the beyond-use date. Chlorpromazine HCl powder and the Ora-Sweet® syrup vehicle were used to prepare the 100 mg/mL solution. Once the feasibility was established, a batch of the solution was prepared and packaged …

Impact Of An Interprofessional Communication Course On Nursing, Medical, And Pharmacy Students’ Communication Skill Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, Rick Hess, Kyle S. Hagen, Emily L. Sorah

ETSU Faculty Works

Objective. To describe an interprofessional communication course in an academic health sciences center and to evaluate and compare interpersonal and interprofessional communication self-efficacy beliefs of medical, nursing, and pharmacy students before and after course participation, using Bandura’s self-efficacy theory as a guiding framework.

Design. First-year nursing (n=36), first-year medical (n=73), and second-year pharmacy students (n=83) enrolled in an interprofessional communication skills development course voluntarily completed a 33-item survey instrument based on Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies prior to and upon completion of the course during the fall semester of 2012.

Assessment. Nursing students entered the course with higher interpersonal …

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Possess Intrinsic Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Benjamin J. Fowler, Bradley D. Gelfand, Younghee Kim, Nagaraj Kerur, Valeria Tarallo, Yoshio Hirano, Shoba Amarnath, Daniel H. Fowler, Marta Radwan, Mark T. Young, Keir Pittman, Paul Kubes, Hitesh Agarwal, Keykavous Parang, David R. Hinton, Ana Bastos-Carvalho, Shengjian Li, Testuhiro Yasuma, Takeshi Mizutani, Reo Yasuma, Charles Wright, Jayakrishna Ambati

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are mainstay therapeutics for HIV that block retrovirus replication. Alu (an endogenous retroelement that also requires reverse transcriptase for its life cycle)–derived RNAs activate P2X7 and the NLRP3 inflammasome to cause cell death of the retinal pigment epithelium in geographic atrophy, a type of age-related macular degeneration. We found that NRTIs inhibit P2X7-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation independent of reverse transcriptase inhibition. Multiple approved and clinically relevant NRTIs prevented caspase-1 activation, the effector of the NLRP3 inflammasome, induced by Alu RNA. NRTIs were efficacious in mouse models of geographic atrophy, choroidal neovascularization, graft-versus-host disease, and sterile …

Considerations For The Use Of Dietary Or Herbal Supplements, Samantha Morrison, Mary Menezes, Rodney Richmond

College of Pharmacy Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.

Healthcare Provider Utilization And Patient Outcomes: The Call For Enhanced Coordinated Care For Medicare Beneficiaries, Yvonne Mai, Rajul A. Patel, Suzanne M. Galal, Sian M. Carr-Lopez, Joseph A. Woelfel

School of Pharmacy Faculty Presentations

Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and other non-physician health care providers (dentists, optometrists, etc.) has steadily increased in the United States; however, the associated outcomes reported in the Medicare population is limited.

Objective: To evaluate the utilization of different healthcare providers by Medicare beneficiaries and assess resultant patient outcomes.

Methods: Fourteen outreach events targeting Medicare beneficiaries were conducted throughout Northern/Central California during the 2014 open enrollment period. Trained student pharmacists (working under licensed pharmacist supervision) provided beneficiaries with comprehensive medication therapy management (MTM) services. During each intervention, demographic, quality-of-life, health behavior, and health provider/service utilization data …

3,4,5-Trichloroaniline Nephrotoxicity In Vitro: Potential Role Of Free Radicals And Renal Biotransformation, Christopher Racine, Dakota Ward, Dianne K. Anestis, Travis Ferguson, Deborah Preston, Gary O. Rankin

Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Chloroanilines are widely used in the manufacture of drugs, pesticides and industrial intermediates. Among the trichloroanilines, 3,4,5-trichloroaniline (TCA) is the most potent nephrotoxicant in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the nephrotoxic potential of TCA in vitro and to determine if renal biotransformation and/or free radicals contributed to TCA cytotoxicity using isolated renal cortical cells (IRCC) from male Fischer 344 rats as the animal model. IRCC (~4 million cells/mL; 3 mL) were incubated with TCA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mM) for 60–120 min. In some experiments, IRCC were pretreated with an antioxidant or a …

Melampomagnolide B Derivatives As Antileukemic And Cytotoxic Agents, Peter A. Crooks, Craig T. Jordan, Shanshan Pei, Shama Nasim

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Melampomagnolide B is disclosed as a new antileukemic sesquiterpene. A biotin-conjugated derivative of melampomagnolide B was prepared to elucidate its mechanism of action. Prodrugs of Melampomagnolide B are disclosed.

Crystal Structures Of 2-Meth­Oxy­Isoindoline-1,3-Dione, 1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-Yl Methyl Carbonate And 1,3-Dioxo-2,3-Di­Hydro-1h-Benzo[De]Isoquinolin-2-Yl Methyl Carbonate: Three Anti­Convulsant Compounds, Fortune Ezemobi, Henry North, Kenneth R. Scott, Anthohy K. Wutoh, Ray J. Butcher

College of Pharmacy Faculty Research ​and Publications

The title compounds, C9H7NO3, (1), C10H7NO5, (2), and C14H9NO5, (3), are three potentially anti­convulsant compounds. Compounds (1) and (2) are isoindoline derivatives and (3) is an iso­quinoline derivative. Compounds (2) and (3) crystallize with two independent mol­ecules (A and B) in their asymmetric units. In all three cases, the isoindoline and benzoiso­quinoline moieties are planar [r.m.s. deviations are 0.021 Å for (1), 0.04 and 0.018 Å for (2), and 0.033 and 0.041 Å for (3)]. The substituents attached to the N atom are almost perpendicular to the mean planes of the heterocycles, with dihedral angles of 89.7 (3)° …

Pharmacy Law Brief: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Joseph L. Fink Iii

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

New Oral Anticoagulants For The Treatment Of Venous Thromboembolism: Understanding Differences And Similarities., Paul P. Dobesh, John Fanikos

Journal Articles: Pharmacy Practice

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. In the United States, approximately 0.1 % of the population experiences an initial VTE event each year. Anticoagulation therapy is the cornerstone of acute VTE treatment and for prevention of recurrent VTE events. Conventional anticoagulants, including heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, fondaparinux, and vitamin K antagonists are widely used but have limitations. Newer oral anticoagulant agents, including direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran etexilate) and direct factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) have been developed to attempt to overcome some of the limitations of conventional anticoagulant therapy. These …

Availability And Perceived Value Of Bachelor Of Science Programs In Pharmaceutical Marketing And Management In The United States, Omar F. Attarabeen, Fadi M. Alkhateeb

Pharmacy Practice & Administration

Several academic institutions across the United States offer Bachelor of Science degree programs in Pharmaceutical Marketing and/or Management. In general, these programs are designed to provide students with stronger foundations and a broader understanding of the business side of pharmacy. The purpose of this study was to explore the availability of the Bachelor of Science programs in pharmaceutical marketing and management in the United States. Internet search was conducted in order to collect information about the programs of interest. Results showed that a total of 8 schools and colleges offer the Bachelor of Science degree programs. The total number of …