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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Personal Hardiness As An Unexamined Component Of The Healthy Volunteer Effect, Angelique E. Blann
Personal Hardiness As An Unexamined Component Of The Healthy Volunteer Effect, Angelique E. Blann
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Clinical trials are the standard for approving medicines for public use. To conduct trials, researchers depend on a declining number of volunteers. The healthy volunteer effect, a phenomenon in which participants demonstrate better outcomes than their peers, limits the generalizability of trial outcomes. The healthy volunteer effect does not fully explain the outcome difference between volunteers and nonvolunteers. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to examine personal hardiness as an unexplored component of the healthy volunteer effect and determine whether personal hardiness is associated with willingness to participate. Hardiness was a personality construct that represented resilience to stress. …
Pharmacy Manager System Implementation Strategies To Mitigate The Cost Of Prescription Errors, Tunde Abiodun Cardozo
Pharmacy Manager System Implementation Strategies To Mitigate The Cost Of Prescription Errors, Tunde Abiodun Cardozo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractOne of the most frequent medical errors in contemporary medicine is incorrect prescriptions, and the profits from retail pharmacy operations are adversely impacted by the costs associated with prescription errors. Independent pharmacy managers are interested in finding workable strategies to mitigate the cost of prescription errors and increase profit. Using the resource-based theory of competitive advantage (RBTCA), the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies some independent pharmacy managers in Texas use to mitigate the cost of pharmacy employee prescription errors and increase profitability. The participants were five independent pharmacy managers who implemented strategies to mitigate the …
Personal Hardiness As An Unexamined Component Of The Healthy Volunteer Effect, Angelique E. Blann
Personal Hardiness As An Unexamined Component Of The Healthy Volunteer Effect, Angelique E. Blann
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Clinical trials are the standard for approving medicines for public use. To conduct trials, researchers depend on a declining number of volunteers. The healthy volunteer effect, a phenomenon in which participants demonstrate better outcomes than their peers, limits the generalizability of trial outcomes. The healthy volunteer effect does not fully explain the outcome difference between volunteers and nonvolunteers. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to examine personal hardiness as an unexplored component of the healthy volunteer effect and determine whether personal hardiness is associated with willingness to participate. Hardiness was a personality construct that represented resilience to stress. …
Pharmacy Manager System Implementation Strategies To Mitigate The Cost Of Prescription Errors, Tunde Abiodun Cardozo
Pharmacy Manager System Implementation Strategies To Mitigate The Cost Of Prescription Errors, Tunde Abiodun Cardozo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractOne of the most frequent medical errors in contemporary medicine is incorrect prescriptions, and the profits from retail pharmacy operations are adversely impacted by the costs associated with prescription errors. Independent pharmacy managers are interested in finding workable strategies to mitigate the cost of prescription errors and increase profit. Using the resource-based theory of competitive advantage (RBTCA), the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies some independent pharmacy managers in Texas use to mitigate the cost of pharmacy employee prescription errors and increase profitability. The participants were five independent pharmacy managers who implemented strategies to mitigate the …
Strategies To Manage Customer Complaints, Ruah Sammour
Strategies To Manage Customer Complaints, Ruah Sammour
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Poor customer complaint-handling strategies can negatively affect customer loyalty. Leaders in the pharmaceutical industry who fail to improve complaint-handling strategies can experience a decrease in profitability. Grounded in the double-loop learning theory, the purpose of this qualitative single-case study was to explore effective strategies business leaders use to manage customer complaints in a pharmaceutical company. Participants included six business leaders in Northwest New Jersey, United States, who successfully used strategies to improve customer complaint handling in the pharmaceutical industry. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and company documents relevant to customer complaint handling and were analyzed using thematic data analysis. …
Factors Causing Commercial Leaders In U.S. Multinational Pharmaceutical Businesses To Change Companies, Robert J. Britting Jr
Factors Causing Commercial Leaders In U.S. Multinational Pharmaceutical Businesses To Change Companies, Robert J. Britting Jr
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Employee turnover in U.S. multinational pharmaceutical companies remains high, even though U.S. multinational pharmaceutical companies offer competitive salaries and benefits compared to other large industries. A recent survey found that 67% of 2,400 pharmaceutical leaders would be looking for a new job within 12 months and that general employee turnover costs organizations 70% to 300% of each employee's salary. The purpose of this case study was to explore the factors that cause commercial leaders from mid- to large-size U.S. pharmaceutical companies to seek employment outside of their organization. Lewin’s three-stage model of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing, along with the psychology …
Analysis Of Hba1c, Medication Compliance, Income Subsidies, And Comorbidity In Medicare Type 2 Diabetics, Robert E. Lazarchik
Analysis Of Hba1c, Medication Compliance, Income Subsidies, And Comorbidity In Medicare Type 2 Diabetics, Robert E. Lazarchik
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Diabetes is one of America’s leading chronic diseases with comorbidities contributing to lower health statuses and increased health care costs. While it is known that lowering HbA1c reduces the deleterious effects of diabetes, the capability to identify people with diabetes at risk for uncontrolled HbA1c levels or developing comorbidities based on the compliance rates for different oral antihyperglycemic medication classes (OAMCs) and financial assistance programs does not yet exist. These quantitative longitudinal retrospective studies examined the association between medication compliance, using Proportion of Days Covered (PDC), by OAMC and Medicare financial aid programs, on predicting HbA1c levels and comorbidities in …
Comparison Of The Therapeutic Efficacy Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatments, Kacy Smith Davis
Comparison Of The Therapeutic Efficacy Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatments, Kacy Smith Davis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes chronic joint pain and destruction. The current standard regimen of monotherapy disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) treatments may not be as effective as that of combination therapy of a DMARD and a biologic agent in treating RA. The purpose of this study was to answer the question, is there a difference in the therapeutic efficacy of combination DMARD treatments with a biologic, compared to monotherapy DMARDs without a biologic, in U.S. Caucasian women between the ages of 30 and 60 that have been diagnosed with RA? Guided by the theoretical framework …
Fertility Treatments Of Women In Nigeria: Using Long Versus Short Protocols, Michael Egwu
Fertility Treatments Of Women In Nigeria: Using Long Versus Short Protocols, Michael Egwu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A global estimate indicates that over 70 million heterosexual married couples live with the burden of infertility, and Nigeria accounts for about 30%. Although protocols exist, it appears there are no standardized treatment guidelines for practicing fertility experts in Nigeria. This study, therefore, aimed to determine which protocol provides a better outcome across a given population of infertile women in Nigeria as a method to move towards developing standardized treatment guidelines. The study was grounded using the Patient-Centered Care Treatment Model, and the method of inquiry was a retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative, and nonexperimental technique, and the influence of the patient’s …
Strategies For Automating Pharmacovigilance Adverse Event Case Processing, Mythily Easwar
Strategies For Automating Pharmacovigilance Adverse Event Case Processing, Mythily Easwar
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Business leaders who fail to implement innovative technology solutions in their companies face economic distress in these organizations. Guided by the task technology fit model as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies used by pharmacovigilance (PV) systems leaders to implement innovative technology solutions. The participants were 4 PV systems managers working in a pharmaceutical company in the Boston area of Massachusetts, United States, who used successful strategies to implement innovative technology solutions to automate adverse events case processing. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and company documents. The collected data were …
Globalization Of Clinical Research And Assessment Of Global Access To Treatments Approved Between 2006-2015, Rafael Duncan Escandon
Globalization Of Clinical Research And Assessment Of Global Access To Treatments Approved Between 2006-2015, Rafael Duncan Escandon
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Globalization in clinical research and development has increased since the 1990s. Products approved in the United States (U.S.) and European Union (EU) include increasing numbers of research participants from low- and middle-income countries. The purposes of this quantitative correlational study were to investigate the lag time, or drug lag, between U.S. approval and the approval of selected drugs in all countries that hosted their pivotal clinical trials. The study population was limited to products approved first in the U.S. between 2006 and 2015. The health capability model and research for health justice framework were the theoretical frameworks for the study. …
Immunoglobulin Therapy And Primary Immunodeficient Patients' Health-Related Quality Of Life And Well-Being, Niedre Heckman
Immunoglobulin Therapy And Primary Immunodeficient Patients' Health-Related Quality Of Life And Well-Being, Niedre Heckman
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Individuals born with primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDD) have a dysfunctional immune system, and many are treated by lifelong injections of immunoglobulin therapy. Studies have shown that these patients have low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and well-being (WB) and that these outcomes might be improved by the availability of therapy innovated according to preferences for fewer needle sticks or a shorter infusion time. Regulators at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved therapies innovated per these preferences. However, there is limited data demonstrating how these innovations impact HRQOL and WB. Using the biopsychosocial model, the purpose of …
Strategies For Compliance With Government Regulations In A Pharmaceutical Company, Charles Jagun
Strategies For Compliance With Government Regulations In A Pharmaceutical Company, Charles Jagun
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Pharmaceutical companies accrued fines of over $30 billion within 25 years because of noncompliance with regulations. Noncompliance with regulations results in fines and an adverse impact on company profitability. Some pharmaceutical company managers lack effective strategies to ensure overall company compliance with regulation. Based on complexity leadership theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies pharmaceutical company managers used to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements in Nigeria. The target population was functional managers purposely selected because they had successfully implemented strategies for compliance with the regulatory requirements in Nigeria. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone …
Under-Reporting Of Adverse Drug Reactions To The Food & Drug Administration, James Alexander Lamb
Under-Reporting Of Adverse Drug Reactions To The Food & Drug Administration, James Alexander Lamb
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study examined the potential significant differences in the distribution of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by reporter (consumer versus physician) and patient outcome at case and event level. This study also contains exploratory questions to evaluate reporting of ADRs by consumers versus physician by system organ class (SOC) and reporter demographics within the United States Food & Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The theoretical foundation applied in this quantitative study was the social amplification of risk framework. Data from the second quarter of 2016 were obtained from FAERS, and a total of 87,807 ADR reports corresponding to 143,399 …
Applying Clinical Guidelines To Curtail Opioid Overprescribing In Primary Care, Glenda Leflore
Applying Clinical Guidelines To Curtail Opioid Overprescribing In Primary Care, Glenda Leflore
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of this scholarly project was to evaluate an evidence-based quality improvement program implemented in 2016 in a clinical practice setting to curtail overprescribing of opioids for noncancer pain management. In 2001, the National Pharmaceutical Council and The Joint Commission on Accreditation and Hospital Accreditation initiated a standard of practice for opioid use in noncancer pain management that resulted in opioid overprescribing and a 200% increase in opioid-related deaths and incalculable societal costs. Primary care providers including nurse practitioners issue the greatest number of opioid prescriptions; therefore, to address the problem of opioid overprescribing, the 2016 Centers for Disease …
Total Quality System Breakdowns In Outsourced Clinical Trials, Hemali Barrios
Total Quality System Breakdowns In Outsourced Clinical Trials, Hemali Barrios
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Numerous deaths, tragedies, and underreported drug side effects occur in outsourced clinical trials. Total quality system breakdowns occur even though quality agreement contracts and quality management systems are used by pharmaceutical organizations. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies clinical quality assurance managers use to avoid breakdowns in quality with outsourced clinical trials in Asia-Pacific countries. The study included a purposeful sample of 15 clinical quality assurance managers from 1 pharmaceutical organization located in the Northeast region of the United States. The conceptual framework was von Bertalanffy's general systems theory. Face-to-face semistructured interviews or e-mail questionnaires …
The Pharmaceutical Industry's Effect On Rheumatologists' Patterns Of Care, Frank Bailey
The Pharmaceutical Industry's Effect On Rheumatologists' Patterns Of Care, Frank Bailey
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Drug makers have developed numerous techniques to influence treatment choices. Almost no information exists regarding the pharmaceutical industry's influence on rheumatologists and how these pressures could affect patient care. This phenomenological research, conducted within the framework of social exchange theory, explored the lived experiences of rheumatologists regarding their interactions with agents of the pharmaceutical industry. A researcher-designed interview protocol was used to gather feedback from 10 rheumatologists regarding how interactions with agents of the pharmaceutical industry made them feel. Using horizonalization, meaningful statements made by rheumatologists were condensed into specific themes and patterns, which provided a composite summary of their …
Relational Intelligence: A Framework To Enhance Interprofessional Collaborative Care, Elizabeth Ekole
Relational Intelligence: A Framework To Enhance Interprofessional Collaborative Care, Elizabeth Ekole
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Many studies have reported that the training for practitioners does not stimulate reflexes that contribute to the tenets of teamwork and collaboration. No studies were found to investigate relational intelligence (RQ) in pharmacist-physician relationships as a catalyst for collaborative and hence cost effective quality care. This study addressed the role and potential opportunity to promote RQ as a critical leadership skill in the collaboration between pharmacists and physicians. Using RQ as the conceptual framework, this phenomenological study explored how pharmacists and physicians in a hospital setting perceive RQ as a leadership skill when working collaboratively. A total of 10 participants …
The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry's Supply Chain Management Strategies, Prasad Bolineni
The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry's Supply Chain Management Strategies, Prasad Bolineni
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Indian pharmaceutical companies spend one-third of their revenue from supply chain management (SCM) activities due to inherently poor transportation infrastructure. SCM is a vital function for many companies, as it is usually employed to lower expenses and increase sales for the company. SCM costs are higher in India than they are in other areas of the world, amounting to 13% of India's GDP. The purpose of this study was to explore SCM strategies Indian business leaders in the pharmaceutical industry have used to reduce the high costs associated with SCM. This study used a single case study research design and …
Perceptions Of Licensed Pharmacist Managers Regarding Formally Versus Informally Trained Pharmacy Technicians, Shalonica Marie Cluse
Perceptions Of Licensed Pharmacist Managers Regarding Formally Versus Informally Trained Pharmacy Technicians, Shalonica Marie Cluse
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Pharmacists rely on pharmacy technicians to assist with accurately dispensing prescriptions and providing information to clients. Texas does not have regulations for the education or training of pharmacy technicians, which may result in mistakes when dispensing prescriptions, causing significant harm to customers. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was assessing formally and informally trained pharmacy technicians' job performance as perceived by licensed pharmacists/managers. Data were collected via face to face interviews with 9 pharmacy managers in Texas to gain insight into their lived experiences of supervising not formally and formally trained technicians. Audio recorded interview data were transcribed and …
The Impact Of The Sentinel Initiative And Faers Surveillance System On Consumer Safety, Sonia Batra
The Impact Of The Sentinel Initiative And Faers Surveillance System On Consumer Safety, Sonia Batra
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to monitor adverse events resulting from pharmaceutical drug use. However, this system has limitations such as not allowing real-time data collection. To address these limitations, the FDA launched the Sentinel Initiative in 2008. This comparative case study was conducted to describe perceptions of investigating the efficacy of the Sentinel Initiative compared with the FAERS. The study was based on the theory of preemption as it emphasized the need for efficient means for providing unquestionable proof that consumers suffered adverse drug effects. The sample included interivews …
Analysis Of Telephonic Pharmacist Counseling, Katherine N. Swift
Analysis Of Telephonic Pharmacist Counseling, Katherine N. Swift
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Medication complexity and nonadherence are significant risk factors for avoidable hospitalizations and health care spending for older adults in the United States. However, limited empirical research has investigated pharmacist-run telephonic medication management programs as a potential solution to the problem of reducing medication complexity while improving medication adherence. This quantitative study employed the behavioral change model to analyze archival data from a sample of 1,148 participants, examining the relationship of a pharmacist-run telephonic consulting program on medication adherence and medication complexity for one pharmacy benefit management firm's Medicare Part D recipients. The primary research questions investigated the relationship of medication …
Medical Academia Conflict Of Interest Policy And Potential Impact On Research Funding, Michael Keith Maahs
Medical Academia Conflict Of Interest Policy And Potential Impact On Research Funding, Michael Keith Maahs
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The partnership between medical academia and the pharmaceutical industry has been scrutinized for issues associated with research bias. As a result of this scrutiny, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued policy recommendations in 2009 directing academia to adopt comprehensive conflict of interest (COI) policies. During the same time, a slowdown of funded research into academia occurred, and it is not clear whether the IOM recommendations contributed to this problem. The purpose of this case study was to determine the extent to which compliance with the IOM policy resulted in a reduction in funded research. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) was …
Reimportation Of Prescription Drugs As Contributing Component To Patient Drug Adherence: A Qualitative-Grounded Theory Study, Jeffrey Tubbs
Reimportation Of Prescription Drugs As Contributing Component To Patient Drug Adherence: A Qualitative-Grounded Theory Study, Jeffrey Tubbs
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Pharmaceutical drugs are one of the most socially important heath care products. They are part of many individuals' everyday lives, from the eradicating of diseases at birth to treating patients at the end of life. However, for many patients access is prevented due to expensive cost. This study explored cost-related non-adherence (CRN) and researched if reimportation of pharmaceutical drugs from other countries could increase patient drug adherence. The perceptions of 10 patients and 10 providers in Maine were assessed. Maine is the only state that allowed its citizens to purchase prescription drugs from abroad. The research questions addressed (a) how …
An Examination Of Awareness Of Over-The-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs And Adverse Events, Michelle Popa
An Examination Of Awareness Of Over-The-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs And Adverse Events, Michelle Popa
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The elderly population is among the fastest growing populations in the United States. Finding and consuming medications safely and effectively are challenging endeavors for this population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely consumed class of medications among the elderly population, with 70% of individuals consuming over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs once a week and 34% using them daily. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether (a) patients are aware of the risks associated with the consumption of NSAIDs, and (b) there are differences in awareness based upon specific demographic characteristics and levels of patient-physician communication. The health belief …