Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pharmacist Empathy In Smoking Cessation Counseling, Caleb Lyman, Megan Mcnicol, Maria Miller, Yevgeniy Solokha, Kelly J. Wright, Aleda M.H. Chen

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

Cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction are prevalent in today’s society. Approximately 19% of American adults (43.8 million people) smoke cigarettes. Smoking is associated with health risks such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), infertility, low birth weight, respiratory symptoms, heart disease, and lung cancer and is responsible for roughly $96 billion in health care costs. Provider empathy has been proven effective in other treatments like cold and cancer; however, its effectiveness in smoking cessation has not yet been studied. Empathy is defined in two realms: cognitive and affective. In the cognitive domain, individuals have the ability to understand and view …

Design, Synthesis And Cytotoxic Evaluation Of O-Carboxamido Stilbene Analogues, Kok Hoong Leong

Kok Hoong Leong

Resveratrol, a natural stilbene found in grapes and wines exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. Resveratrol is also known as a good chemopreventive agent for inhibiting carcinogenesis processes that target kinases, cyclooxygenases, ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerases. A total of 19 analogues with an amide moiety were synthesized and the cytotoxic effects of the analogues on a series of human cancer cell lines are reported. Three compounds 6d, 6i and 6n showed potent cytotoxicity against prostate cancer DU-145 (IC50 = 16.68 μM), colon cancer HT-29 (IC50 = 7.51 μM) and breast cancer MCF-7 (IC50 = 21.24 μM), respectively, which …

Training Tomorrow’S Providers And Expanding Access To Peginterferon/Ribavirin Combination Therapyfor Chronic Hepatatis C In Underinsured/Uninsured Patients: Final Outcomes Of A Pilot, Resident-Initiated, Multidisciplinary, Hepatitis C Clinic, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Suzanne J. Templer Do, Edward Norris Md, Fapm, Charles M. Brooks Md, Eric J. Gertner Md, Mph, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp

Edward R Norris MD, FAPA, FAPM

No abstract provided.

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Adjunctive Ramelteon For The Treatment Of Insomnia And Mood Stability In Patients With Euthymic Bipolar Disorder, Edward Norris, Karen Burke, Julia Correll, Ken Zemanek, Joel Lerman, Ralph Primelo, Michael Kaufmann

Edward R Norris MD, FAPA, FAPM

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Educational Interventions On Insight And Attitudes Toward Medication In Psychiatric Inpatients, Krina Patel, Edward Norris, Julia Correll, Mary O'Connell, Laurence Karper, Michael Kaufmann

Edward R Norris MD, FAPA, FAPM

No abstract provided.

Patients’ Knowledge And Attitudes Toward Psychiatric Medication On Admission To An Inpatient Behavioral Health Unit, Krina H. Patel Pharmad, Edward R. Norris Md, Fapa, Fapm, Julia R. Correll Ba, Laurence P. Karper Md, Mary Ellen O'Connell Rn, Msn, Mba, Michael Kaufmann Md

Edward R Norris MD, FAPA, FAPM

No abstract provided.

Active Presecription Drug Safety Surveillance: Exploring Omop 2011-2012 Experiments, Susan Gruber, James M. Robins

Susan Gruber

The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP), a consortium of pharmaceutical, FDA, and academic researchers focuses on developing and evaluating electronic records-based methods for enhancing post-market drug safety surveillance. The OMOP 2011-2012 experiment consists of applying variants of seven analysis methods to five different EMR or claims databases to estimate the increase (decrease) in risk associated with drug-outcome pairs whose causal association has been previously established, and serves as a gold standard for comparison. Variants of each method can produce very different effect estimates, sometimes at odds with the gold standard. We explore the reasons behind this heterogeneity, and in doing …

Free Clinic Service: An Opportunity For Pharmacists Too, Kelly J. Wright

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

No abstract provided.

Job Placement Of Pgy1 Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Residents In Ohio, Sarah Anderson, Rachel R. Bull, Ruth Choi, Bethany Gustin, Joshua Knoebel, Courtney Noll, Jessica Taylor, Rebecca Widder, Kelly J. Hiteshew

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

No abstract provided.

Through The Eyes Of Christ: Serving With Compassion At Work, Tracy R. Frame, Kelly J. Hiteshew, Melody L. Hartzler, Aleda M.H. Chen

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

No abstract provided.

Asthma Knowledge, Adherence, And Administration Techniques In Hispanic Caregivers Of Pediatrics, Joshua Arnold, Rachel Culp, Kyle Hultz, Benjamin Robertson, Jon Wilkie, Amy Wuobio, Marty L. Eng, Kelly J. Hiteshew

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

7.5% of Hispanics in the United States suffer from asthma-related diseases, and Latino children are not as likely to use preventative asthma medications as compared with Caucasians. Educational interventions may reduce the number of visits to emergency-care. The reasons for non-adherence are currently unknown, and discovering these reasons will help to address the problem.

Don’T Leave Without Them: Dispensing Asthma Medications To Pediatric Patients Upon Discharge Is Associated With Decreased Hospital Readmissions, Kelly J. Hiteshew, Thaddeus T. Franz, Kristen Lamberjack, Aleda M.H. Chen

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

Purpose: Asthma exacerbations are a leading cause of hospital and emergency department admissions at pediatric institutions. The objective of this study was to determine if patients who obtain discharge medications from a pediatric institution’s outpatient pharmacy after an admission for asthma have a lower thirty-day readmission rate than those who do not obtain discharge medications from the outpatient pharmacy. Methods: This multi-phase retrospective study included an initial chart review, an intervention period, and a second chart review of the intervention period. The chart reviews included patients ages two years and older with a discharge diagnosis of asthma or wheezing. During …

Impact Of A Pharmacist-Managed Smoking Cessation Program, Alexandra Archambault, Belinda Darkwah, Kale Hanavan, Ellery Kent, Myriam Shaw Ojeda, Larisa Yuchimiuk, Kelly J. Hiteshew

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Cardiovascular And Renal Function Monitoring: A Consideration Of Older Adults With Hiv, Clark Kebodeaux, Alexandria Garavaglia Wilson, Daron L. Smith, Scott Martin Vouri

Clark Kebodeaux

Lineage-Specific T-Cell Responses To Cancer Mucosa Antigen Oppose Systemic Metastases Without Mucosal Inflammatory Disease., Adam Snook, Peng Li, Benjamin J Stafford, Elizabeth J Faul, Lan Huang, Ruth C Birbe, Alessandro Bombonati, Stephanie Schulz, Matthias Schnell, Laurence Eisenlohr, Scott Waldman

Adam E Snook

Cancer mucosa antigens are emerging as a new category of self-antigens expressed normally in immunologically privileged mucosal compartments and universally by their derivative tumors. These antigens leverage the established immunologic partitioning of systemic and mucosal compartments, limiting tolerance opposing systemic antitumor efficacy. An unresolved issue surrounding self-antigens as immunotherapeutic targets is autoimmunity following systemic immunization. In the context of cancer mucosa antigens, immune effectors to self-antigens risk amplifying mucosal inflammatory disease promoting carcinogenesis. Here, we examined the relationship between immunotherapy for systemic colon cancer metastases targeting the intestinal cancer mucosa antigen guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) and its effect on inflammatory …

Rapid Quantitative Pharmacodynamic Imaging By A Novel Method: Theory, Simulation Testing And Proof Of Principle, Kevin J. Black, Jonathan M. Koller, Brad D. Miller

Kevin J. Black, MD

Pharmacological challenge imaging has mapped, but rarely quantified, the sensitivity of a biological system to a given drug. We describe a novel method called rapid quantitative pharmacodynamic imaging. This method combines pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, repeated small doses of a challenge drug over a short time scale, and functional imaging to rapidly provide quantitative estimates of drug sensitivity including EC50 (the concentration of drug that produces half the maximum possible effect). We first test the method with simulated data, assuming a typical sigmoidal dose-response curve and assuming imperfect imaging that includes artifactual baseline signal drift and random error. With these few assumptions, …

Near Infrared Planar Tumor Imaging And Quantification Using Nanosized Alexa 750-Labeled Phospholipid Micelles, Aristarchos Papagiannaros, Amit Kale, Tatyana S. Levchenko, Dmitry Mongayt, William C. Hartner, V. P. Torchilin

Dmitriy Mongayt

A novel highly biocompatible near infrared nanosized contrast agent was developed and used for rapid tumor detection and quantification using planar optical imaging and analysis. With this in mind, the near infrared fluorescent dye Alexa 750 was covalently attached to polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) conjugate, and double labeled (with Alexa and rhodamine) PEG-PE micelles were injected into mice and observed using planar optical imaging. Pixel intensity data from the tumor site were normalized versus the autofluorescence of the animal at the same time point and normalized as signal to noise over the scattered light from the various tissues of the mice. …

Adverse Drug Events Post-Hospital Discharge In Older Patients: Types, Severity, And Involvement Of Beers Criteria Medications, Abir O. Kanaan, Jennifer L. Donovan, Nerissa P. Duchin, Terry S. Field, Jennifer Tjia, Sarah L. Cutrona, Shawn J. Gagne, Lawrence D. Garber, Peggy Preusse, Leslie R. Harrold, Jerry H. Gurwitz

Lawrence D. Garber

Objective: To characterize adverse drug events (ADEs) occurring within the high-risk 45-day period post-hospitalization in older adults.

Design: Clinical pharmacists reviewed the ambulatory records of 1000 consecutive discharges.

Setting: A large multispecialty group practice closely aligned with a Massachusetts-based health plan.

Participants: Hospitalized patients aged 65 years and older who were discharged to home.

Measurements: Possible drug-related incidents occurring during the 45-day period post-hospitalization were identified and presented to a pair of physician-reviewers who classified incidents as to whether an ADE was present, whether the event was preventable, and the severity of the event. Medications implicated in ADEs were further …

Adverse Drug Events Post-Hospital Discharge In Older Patients: Types, Severity, And Involvement Of Beers Criteria Medications, Abir O. Kanaan, Jennifer L. Donovan, Nerissa P. Duchin, Terry S. Field, Jennifer Tjia, Sarah L. Cutrona, Shawn J. Gagne, Lawrence D. Garber, Peggy Preusse, Leslie R. Harrold, Jerry H. Gurwitz

Jennifer Tjia

Objective: To characterize adverse drug events (ADEs) occurring within the high-risk 45-day period post-hospitalization in older adults.

Design: Clinical pharmacists reviewed the ambulatory records of 1000 consecutive discharges.

Setting: A large multispecialty group practice closely aligned with a Massachusetts-based health plan.

Participants: Hospitalized patients aged 65 years and older who were discharged to home.

Measurements: Possible drug-related incidents occurring during the 45-day period post-hospitalization were identified and presented to a pair of physician-reviewers who classified incidents as to whether an ADE was present, whether the event was preventable, and the severity of the event. Medications implicated in ADEs were further …

Dissemination Of Evidence-Based Atypical Antipsychotic Information To Nursing Homes, Celeste A. Lemay, Jennifer Tjia, Kathleen M. Mazor, Terry S. Field, Abir O. Kanaan, Jennifer L. Donovan, Jerry H. Gurwitz

Jennifer Tjia

Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates minimal benefit and increased risk of off-label use of atypical antipsychotic medications for dementia-related behaviors. Optimal strategy for disseminating evidence-based guides to nursing home (NH) stakeholders is unclear. Our objective is to describe the impact of differing dissemination efforts in Connecticut NHs.

Methods: Forty-three Connecticut NHs were randomized to one of 3 arms receiving incrementally intensive dissemination strategies of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Comparative Effectiveness Review Summary Guide on the off-label use of atypical antipsychotic drugs, which was included in a toolkit informed by a needs assessment of NHs. All NHs received the …

Training Tomorrow’S Providers And Expanding Access To Peginterferon/Ribavirin Combination Therapyfor Chronic Hepatatis C In Underinsured/Uninsured Patients: Final Outcomes Of A Pilot, Resident-Initiated, Multidisciplinary, Hepatitis C Clinic, Nicole M. Agostino Do, Suzanne J. Templer Do, Edward Norris Md, Fapm, Charles M. Brooks Md, Eric J. Gertner Md, Mph, Joseph L. Yozviak Do, Facp

Joseph L Yozviak DO, FACP

No abstract provided.

Phytochemistry And Pharmacology Of Plants From The Ginger Family, Zingiberaceae, Hans Wohlmuth

Dr Hans Wohlmuth

This thesis reports on a series of investigations into the phytochemistry and pharmacology of plants belonging to the ginger family, Zingiberaceae (incl. Costaceae). The work falls into two main parts. The first part examines the pungent compounds and essential oil in 17 clones of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with a view to identify one or more with unique chemistry and consequent particular therapeutic (or flavouring) prospects. The second part comprises the screening of 41 taxa for inhibition of PGE2 and other biological activities, with the primary aim of identifying species with potential anti-inflammatory activity. This part tested the hypothesis that the …

Aloe Vera For Treating Acute And Chronic Wounds, Anthony D. Dat, Flora Poon, Kim Bt Pham, Jenny Doust

Jenny Doust

Background: Aloe vera is a cactus-like perennial succulent belonging to the Liliaceae Family that is commonly grown in tropical climates. Animal studies have suggested that Aloe vera may help accelerate the wound healing process.

Objectives: To determine the effects of Aloe vera-derived products (for example dressings and topical gels) on the healing of acute wounds (for example lacerations, surgical incisions and burns) and chronic wounds (for example infected wounds, arterial and venous ulcers).

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (9 September 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 3), …

Pharmaceutical Counterfeiting And The Rfid Technology Intervention, Alberto Coustasse, Cody Arvidson, Phil Rutsohn

Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA, MPH

Both nationally and internationally, pharmaceutical counterfeiting has become a problem that is threatening economic stability and public health. The purpose of the present research study review was to analyze the scope and severity of pharmaceutical counterfeiting and to establish if the implantation of the Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) model can more efficiently be used within the pharmaceutical supply chain to reduce the problem counterfeit drugs impose on public health and international economic stability. Results indicated that implementing the RFID model for tracking drugs at the item level in the pharmaceutical supply chain has potential to alleviate the scope of …

Antipsychotic Use Among Nursing Home Residents, Becky Briesacher, Jennifer Tjia, Terry Field, Daniel Peterson, Jerry Gurwitz

Jennifer Tjia

The prescribing of antipsychotic medications persists at high levels in US nursing homes (NHs) despite extensive data demonstrating marginal clinical benefits and serious adverse effects, including death.1- 2 However, imprecise and outdated data have limited the understanding of the current state of antipsychotic medication prescribing in NHs.3 We analyzed recent and detailed NH prescription data to address: (1) What is the current level of antipsychotic use? (2) Does antipsychotic use in NHs display geographic variation? and (3) Which antipsychotics are most commonly prescribed?

Studies To Reduce Unnecessary Medication Use In Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review, Jennifer Tjia, Sarah Velten, Carole Parsons, Sruthi Valluri, Becky Briesacher

Jennifer Tjia

BACKGROUND: Overuse of unnecessary medications in frail older adults with limited life expectancy remains an understudied challenge.

OBJECTIVE: To identify intervention studies that reduced use of unnecessary medications in frail older adults. A secondary goal was to identify and review studies focusing on patients approaching end of life. We examined criteria for identifying unnecessary medications, intervention processes for medication reduction, and intervention effectiveness.

METHODS: A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from January 1966 to September 2012. Additional studies were identified by searching bibliographies. Search terms included prescription drugs, drug utilization, hospice or palliative …

Safe Use Of Parenteral Nutrition, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

At the end of this session, participants will be able to: 1. Review the ASPEN Parenteral Nutrition Safety Task Force guidelines and practice implications focusing on the pharmacist's role with special attention to ordering, verifying, labeling and compounding parenteral nutrition. 2. Discuss steps in handling parenteral nutrition product shortages. 3. Address the necessity of competency-based educational curricula in schools of pharmacy and pharmacy technician programs and continued parenteral nutrition education in pharmacy residencies and healthcare organizations

Reinforcing Effects Of Compounds Lacking Intrinsic Efficacy At Α1 Subunit-Containing Gabaa Receptor Subtypes In Midazolam- But Not Cocaine-Experienced Rhesus Monkeys, Nina M. Shinday, Eileen K. Sawyer, Bradford D. Fischer Phd, Donna M. Platt, Stephanie C. Licata, John R. Atack, Gerard R. Dawson, David S. Reynolds, James K. Rowlett

Bradford Fischer

Essential Oil Composition And Antimicrobial Activity Of Wild And Cultivated Mint Timija (Mentha Suaveolens Subsp. Timija (Briq.) Harley), An Endemic And Threatened Medicinal Species In Morocco, A Kasrati, C Jamali, K Bekkouche, H Lahcen, M Markouk, Hans Wohlmuth, David Leach, A Abbad

Dr Hans Wohlmuth

The hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from aerial parts of the wild (w) and cultivated (c) mint timija (Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija), an endemic medicinal species of Morocco, have been analyzed by GC–MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. In total, 35 compounds representing more than 98% of the oils were identified. Menthone (39.4(w)–10.8(c)%), pulegone (62.3(c)–34.3(w)%) and isomenthone (9.3(c)–7.8(w)%) were found as the main components for the two oils. The volatiles of the wild and cultivated material differed significantly in both the percentage of the main components and antimicrobial effect. Pulegone was more dominant in cultivated mint timija (62.3%) than in wild …

Environmental Issues For The Twenty-First Century And Their Impact On Human Health, Richard B. Philp

Richard B. Philp

This text is available from the author on CD in Word format. It deals with current environmental pollution issues, their effects on human health (e.g. the Gulf oil spill) and offers some remedies.