Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Future Implications Of Using Registered Dietitians In Multidisciplinary Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment, Wendy M. Wolf, Rachel A. Wattick, Pamela J. Murray, Melanie Clemmer, Melissa D. Olfert

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive endocrine disorder in females with insulin resistance playing a key role in pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate current trends and future implications of multidisciplinary PCOS clinics with inclusion of dietitians. A two-phase, formative investigation on practitioners was conducted through an anonymous survey followed by focus groups. Survey respondents included 261 health care providers from around the world; the majority (59%) representing multidisciplinary teams. Focus group participants included four dietitians, three physicians, a health psychologist and a licensed nutritionist. Primary barriers for future multidisciplinary clinics included: money/resources, insurance …

Waking Up Every Day In A Body That Is Not Yours: A Qualitative Research Inquiry Into The Intersection Between Eating Disorders And Pregnancy, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Danielle M. Davidov, Keith J. Zullig, Christa L. Lilly, Lesley Cattrell, Stephanie C. Zerwas

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Women with eating disorders are more likely to negatively react to finding out they are pregnant, although this difference in attitudes between women with eating disorders and controls disappears at 18-weeks’ gestation. Those with anorexia also are twice as likely to have an unplanned pregnancy and those with bulimia have a 30-fold increased chance compared with healthy controls. Therefore, due to these considerations, pregnancy and the transition to motherhood can be an extremely challenging time for these women both psychologically and physically. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to understand the intersection between eating disorders and pregnancy …

Spontaneous Dna Damage To The Nuclear Genome Promotes Senescence, T Redox Imbalance And Aging, Andria R. Robinson, Matthew J. Yousefzadeh, Tania A. Rozgaja, Jin Wang, Xuesen Li, Jeremy S. Tilstra, Chelsea H. Feldman, Siobhan Q. Gregg, Caroline H. Johnson, Erin M. Skoda, Marie-Celine Frantz, Harris Bell-Temin, Hannah Pope-Varsalona, Aditi U. Gurkar, Luigi A. Nasto, Rena A.S. Robinson, Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg, Jolanta Czerwinska, Sara J. Mcgowan, Nadiezhda Cantu-Madellin, Jamie B. Harris, Salony Maniar, Mark A. Ross, Christy E. Trussoni, Nicholas F. Larusso, Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano, Patrick J. Pagano, Barbara Tudek, Nam V. Vo, Lora H. Rigatti, Patricia L. Opresko, Donna B. Stolz, Simon C. Watkins, Christin E. Burd, Claudette M. St, Croix, Gary Siuzdak, Nathan A. Yates, Paul D. Robbins, Yinsheng Wang, Peter Wipf, Eric E. Kelley, Laura J. Neidernhofer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Accumulation of senescent cells over time contributes to aging and age-related diseases. However, what drives senescence in vivo is not clear. Here we used a genetic approach to determine if spontaneous nuclear DNA damage is sufficient to initiate senescence in mammals. Ercc1-/Δ mice with reduced expression of ERCC1-XPF endonuclease have impaired capacity to repair the nuclear genome. Ercc1-/Δ mice accumulated spontaneous, oxidative DNA damage more rapidly than wild-type (WT) mice. As a consequence, senescent cells accumulated more rapidly in Ercc1-/Δ mice compared to repair-competent animals. However, the levels of DNA damage and senescent cells in Ercc1-/Δ mice never exceeded that …

Risk Perceptions Of Cellphone Use While Driving: Results From A Delphi Survey, Motao Zhu, Toni M. Rudisill, Kimberly J. Rauscher, Danielle M. Davidov, Jing Feng

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Cellphone use while driving has been recognized as a growing and important public health issue by the World Health Organization and U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveys typically collect data on overall texting while driving, but do not differentiate between various forms of cellphone use. This study sought to improve the survey indicators when monitoring cellphone use among young drivers. Experts and young drivers were recruited to propose behavioral indicators (cellphone use while driving behaviors) and consequential indicators (safety consequences of cellphone use while driving) in 2016. Subsequently, experts and young drivers selected the top indicators using the …

A Small Molecule P53 Activator Attenuates Fanconi Anemia Leukemic Stem Cell Proliferation, Wei Du, Xiaoli Li, Andrew F. Wilson, Qishen Pang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Although p53 mutations are common in solid tumors, such mutations are found at a lower frequency in hematologic malignancies. In the genetic disorder Fanconi anemia (FA), p53 has been proposed as an important pathophysiological factor for two important hematologic hallmarks of the disease: bone marrow failure and leukemogenesis. Here we show that low levels of the p53 protein enhance the capacity of leukemic stem cells from FA patients to repopulate immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, boosting p53 protein levels with the use of the small molecule Nutlin-3 reduced leukemia burden in recipient mice. These results demonstrate that the level of p53 protein …

The Complementary Health Approaches For Pain Survey (Chaps): Validity Testing And Characteristics Of A Rural Population With Pain, Termeh Feinberg, Dina L. Jones, Christa Lilly, Amna Umer, Kim Innes

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objectives

Little is known about patterns and correlates of Complementary Health Approaches (CHAs) in chronic pain populations, particularly in rural, underserved communities. This article details the development and implementation of a new survey instrument designed to address this gap, the Complementary Health Approaches for Pain Survey (CHAPS).

Design

Following pilot-testing using pre-specified criteria to assess quality and comprehension in our target population, and after feedback regarding face-validity from content experts and stakeholders, the final cross-sectional self-report survey required 10–12 minutes to com- plete. It contained 69 demographic, lifestyle and health-related factors, and utilized a Trans- theoretical Model (TTM) underpinning to …

Short Term Evaluation Of Respiratory Effort By Premature Infants Supported With Bubble Nasal Continuous Airway Pressure Using Seattle-Pap And A Standard Bubble Device, Stephen E. Welty, Craig G. Rusin, Larissa I. Stanberry, George T. Mandy, Alfred L. Gest, Jeremy M. Ford, Carl H. Backes Jr, C. Peter Richardson, Christopher R. Howard, Thomas N. Hansen, Charles V. Smith

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Almost one million prematurely born infants die annually from respiratory insufficiency, pre- dominantly in countries with limited access to respiratory support for neonates. The primary hypothesis tested in the present study was that a modified device for bubble nasal continu- ous positive airway pressure (Bn-CPAP) would provide lower work of spontaneous breath- ing, estimated by esophageal pressure-rate products.

Methods

Infants born

Results

All 40 infants enrolled completed the study and follow-up through 36 wks post menstrual age or hospital discharge, whichever came first. No infants were on supplemental oxygen at completion of follow-up. No infants developed pneumothoraces or nasal …

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Algr Phosphorylation Status Differentially Regulates Pyocyanin And Pyoverdine Production, Alexander S. Little, Yuta Okkotsu, Alexandria A. Reinhart, Heath Damron, Mariette Barbier, Brandon Barrett, Amanda G. Ogledby-Sherrouse, Joanna B. Goldberg, William L. Cody, Michael J. Schurr, Michael L. Vasil

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs numerous, complex regulatory ele- ments to control expression of its many virulence systems. The P. aeruginosa AlgZR two-component regulatory system controls the expression of several crucial viru- lence phenotypes. We recently determined, through transcriptomic profiling of a PAO1 ΔalgR mutant strain compared to wild-type PAO1, that algZR and hemCD are cotranscribed and show differential iron-dependent gene expression. Previous ex- pression profiling was performed in strains without algR and revealed that AlgR acts as either an activator or repressor, depending on the gene. Thus, examination of P. aeruginosa gene expression from cells locked into different AlgR phosphorylation states …

A Retrospective Database Analysis Of Neonatal Morbidities To Evaluate A Composite Endpoint For Use In Preterm Labor Clinical Trials, Jeanne M. Pimenta, Myla Ebeling, Timothy H. Montague, Kathleen J. Beach, Jill Abell, Michael T. O'Shea, Macy Powell, Thomas C. Hulsey

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective To propose and assess a composite endpoint (CE) of neonatal benefit based on neonatal mortality and morbidities by gestational age (GA) for use in preterm labor clinical trials. Study Design A descriptive, retrospective analysis of the Medical University of South Carolina Perinatal Information System database was conducted. Neonatal morbidities were assessed for inclusion in the CE based on clinical significance/risk of childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, frequency, and association with GA in a mother– neonate linked cohort, comprising women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies delivered at !24 weeks’ GA.

Results Among 17,912 mother–neonate pairs, neonates were at a risk of numerous severe …

Absolute Lymphocyte And Neutrophil Counts In Neonatal Ischemic Brain Injury, Jessica M. Povroznik, Elizabeth B. Engler-Chiurazzi, Tania Nanavati, Paola Pergami

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objectives: This study aimed to identify differences in absolute neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between neonates with two forms of ischemic brain injury, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and acute ischemic stroke, compared to controls. We also aimed to determine whether this neutrophil/lymphocyte response pattern is associated with disease severity or is a consequence of the effects of total-body cooling, an approved treatment for moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy + total-body cooling (n = 26), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (n=12), acute ischemic stroke (n=15), and transient tachypnea of the newborn (n=48) was conducted; transient tachypnea of …