Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Seasonality, Clinical Characteristics, And Outcomes Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease By Subtype Among Children Aged <5 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, 2016-2020., Ariana P. Toepfer, Justin Z. Amarin, Andrew J. Spieker, Laura S. Stewart, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Janet A. Englund, Eileen J. Klein, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J. Harrison, Joana Y. Lively, Pedro A. Piedra, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Brian Rha, James Chappell, Meredith Mcmorrow, Heidi Moline, Natasha B. Halasa

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BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses in children. RSV can be broadly categorized into 2 major subtypes: A and B. RSV subtypes have been known to cocirculate with variability in different regions of the world. Clinical associations with viral subtype have been studied among children with conflicting findings such that no conclusive relationships between RSV subtype and severity have been established.

METHODS: During 2016-2020, children aged/guardian interviews, chart reviews, and collection of midturbinate nasal plus/minus throat swabs for RSV (RSV-A, RSV-B, and untyped) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS: Among 6398 RSV-positive …

Accuracy Of Influenza Icd-10 Diagnosis Codes In Identifying Influenza Illness In Children., James W. Antoon, Tess Stopczynski, Justin Z. Amarin, Laura S. Stewart, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, Janet A. Englund, Eileen J. Klein, Mary A. Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Ariana Perez, Heidi L. Moline, Andrew J. Spieker, Carlos G. Grijalva, Samantha M. Olson, Natasha B. Halasa

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IMPORTANCE: Studies of influenza in children commonly rely on coded diagnoses, yet the ability of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify influenza in the emergency department (ED) and hospital is highly variable. The accuracy of newer International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes to identify influenza in children is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of ICD-10 influenza discharge diagnosis codes in the pediatric ED and inpatient settings.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Children younger than 18 years presenting to the ED or inpatient settings with fever and/or respiratory symptoms at 7 …

Outcomes Of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation In Patients With Germline Samd9/Samd9l Mutations., Ibrahim A. Ahmed, Midhat S. Farooqi, Mark T. Vander Lugt, Jessica Boklan, Melissa Rose, Erika D. Friehling, Brandon Triplett, Kenneth Lieuw, Blachy Davila Saldana, Christine M. Smith, Jason R. Schwartz, Rakesh K. Goyal

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Germline mutations in SAMD9 and SAMD9L genes cause MIRAGE (myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy) (OMIM: *610456) and ataxia-pancytopenia (OMIM: *611170) syndromes, respectively, and are associated with chromosome 7 deletions, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and bone marrow failure. In this retrospective series, we report outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with hematologic disorders associated with SAMD9/SAMD9L mutations. Twelve patients underwent allogeneic HCT for MDS (n = 10), congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and dyskeratosis congenita (n = 1). Exome sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations in SAMD9 (n = 6) or SAMD9L (n = …

A Brief Report Of Immunohistochemical Markers To Identify Aggressive Hepatoblastoma., Vivekanand Singh, Michelle Manalang, Meenal Singh, Udayan Apte

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Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. Although survival of patients has improved significantly over the last 2 decades, a significant number of patients do not respond to standard chemotherapy. We conducted a pilot study to understand if there was immunophenotypic difference between tumors that respond well to chemotherapy versus that do not. We selected 10 cases of HB from children presenting at our hospital. All patients had initial tissue diagnosis, underwent chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. The cases were divided into 2 groups: aggressive group with 5 cases (all of which had a poor response …

Cabot Rings And Marked Anisopoikilocytosis In Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome., Derrick L. Goubeaux, Weijie Li

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No abstract provided.

Mechanotransduction Signaling In Podocytes From Fluid Flow Shear Stress., Tarak Srivastava, Hongying Dai, Daniel P. Heruth, Uri S. Alon, Robert E. Garola, Jianping Zhou, R Scott Duncan, Ashraf El-Meanawy, Ellen T. Mccarthy, Ram Sharma, Mark L. Johnson, Virginia J. Savin, Mukut Sharma

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Recently, we and others have found that hyperfiltration-associated increase in biomechanical forces, namely, tensile stress and fluid flow shear stress (FFSS), can directly and distinctly alter podocyte structure and function. The ultrafiltrate flow over the major processes and cell body generates FFSS to podocytes. Our previous work suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-PGE2-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2) axis plays an important role in mechanoperception of FFSS in podocytes. To address mechanotransduction of the perceived stimulus through EP2, cultured podocytes were exposed to FFSS (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 h. Total RNA from cells at the end of FFSS treatment, 2-h post-FFSS, and 24-h …

Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Associated With Subsequent Resistant Infections In Children With An Initial Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infection., Sibani Das, Amanda L. Adler, Arianna Miles-Jay, Matthew P. Kronman, Xuan Qin, Scott J. Weissman, C A. Burnham, Alexis Elward, Jason G. Newland, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Kaede V. Sullivan, Theoklis Zaoutis, Danielle M. Zerr

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The objective of this study was to assess the association between previous antibiotic use, particularly long-term prophylaxis, and the occurrence of subsequent resistant infections in children with index infections due to extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae We also investigated the concordance of the index and subsequent isolates. Extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from normally sterile sites of patients aged species, resistance determinants, and fumC-fimH (E. coli) or tonB (Klebsiella pneumoniae) type were identical to those of the index isolate. In total, 323 patients had 396 resistant isolates; 45 (14%) patients had ≥1 subsequent resistant infection, totaling 73 …

Biallelic Mutations In Tbcd, Encoding The Tubulin Folding Cofactor D, Perturb Microtubule Dynamics And Cause Early-Onset Encephalopathy., Elisabetta Flex, Marcello Niceta, Serena Cecchetti, Isabelle Thiffault, Margaret G. Au, Alessandro Capuano, Emanuela Piermarini, Anna A. Ivanova, Joshua W. Francis, Giovanni Chillemi, Balasubramanian Chandramouli, Giovanna Carpentieri, Charlotte A. Haaxma, Andrea Ciolfi, Simone Pizzi, Ganka V. Douglas, Kara Levine, Antonella Sferra, Maria Lisa Dentici, Rolph R. Pfundt, Jean-Baptist Lepichon, Emily G. Farrow, Frank Baas, Fiorella Piemonte, Bruno Dallapiccola, John M. Graham, Carol J. Saunders, Enrico Bertini, Richard A. Kahn, David A. Koolen, Marco Tartaglia

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Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal elements coordinating and supporting a variety of neuronal processes, including cell division, migration, polarity, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction. Mutations in genes encoding tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins are known to cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Growing evidence suggests that altered microtubule dynamics may also underlie or contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that biallelic mutations in TBCD, encoding one of the five co-chaperones required for assembly and disassembly of the αβ-tubulin heterodimer, the structural unit of microtubules, cause a disease with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features characterized by early-onset cortical atrophy, secondary hypomyelination, microcephaly, thin …

Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins In The Podocyte In Collapsing Glomerulopathy In Children., Tarak Srivastava, Robert E. Garola, H K. Singh

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Podocyte is a terminally committed cell in G1 arrest of cell cycle, and is unable to overcome G1/S transition phase in children with minimal change disease (MCD) and classic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), in contrast to dysregulated proliferative phenotype of idiopathic collapsing glomerulopathy (CGN) in adults. Forty-two kidney biopsies, MCD (14), FSGS (12), CGN (4), and normal (CON) (12), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using dual staining for expression of p27, p21, and p57, and cyclins D and A, in podocytes of children with CGN. On light microscopy, all podocytes expressed p27, whereas p21 and p57 expression was seen in a …

Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins In Podocyte Cell In Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Of Childhood., Tarak Srivastava, Robert E. Garola, J M. Whiting, Uri S. Alon

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BACKGROUND: The podocyte cell is believed to play an important role in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) of childhood. In adults with cellular and collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins such as p27, p57, and cyclin D is decreased and expression of cyclin A, Ki-67, and p21 is observed in podocyte cells suggestive of a dysregulated podocyte phenotype. We investigated for alterations in the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors, p27, p57, p21, and cyclins D and A in the podocyte cell of children with INS.

METHODS: Forty-two kidney biopsies were investigated; 14 with minimal-change disease (MCD), …