Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Prevalence Of Dietary Supplement Use Among Older Adult Population Using National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes) 2009-2012, Fawaz M. Alotaibi

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Dietary supplements (DS) use has increased in the U.S. in the past 20 years. More than half of the U.S. population reported using DS. There are few studies to our knowledge that have assessed DS use specifically for older adults. In this study we purposed to evaluate the trend of using DS among older adults and to test the association between using DS and several demographics, socioeconomics and health characteristics. The second objective was to evaluate the reasons behind using DS among older adults using a nationally representative database.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study using the most …

Generation And Delivery Of Charged Aerosols To Infant Airways, Landon T. Holbrook

Theses and Dissertations

The administration of pharmaceutical aerosols to infants on mechanical ventilation needs to be improved by increasing the efficiency of delivery devices and creating better ways of evaluating potential therapies. Aerosolized medicines such as surfactants have been administered to ventilated infants with mixed results, but studies have shown improvement in respiratory function with a much lower dose than with liquid instillation through an endotracheal tube (ETT). An aerosolized medicine must be transported through the ventilation tubing and deposit in the lungs to have the desired therapeutic response.

This work has taken a systematic approach to (i) develop new devices for the …

Vitamin C: A Potential Regulator Of Inflammatory Response, Bassem M. Mohammed

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Neutrophils (PMNs) and Macrophages are the first responders recruited consecutively to the site of injury/inflammation. PMNs’ response/fate as well as macrophage reprogramming ultimately determine the course of resolution of inflammation. Physiologic wound healing has a significant inflammatory component. An exaggerated inflammation however is self-defeating leading to delayed healing. Parenteral vitamin C (VitC) attenuated inflammation in murine sepsis models and in patients with sepsis. However information about the mechanisms by which VitC regulates these events is limited.

Methods: Humanized mice lacking VitC synthesis capability (Gulo^-/-) were used. VitC sufficient and deficient mice were challenged with sterile inflammation, or …

Enhancement Of The Placental Transmission Of Lopinavir Using A Transporter Targeted Prodrug Strategy, Meng Wang

Theses and Dissertations

Lopinavir (LPV) is a potent protease inhibitor specific for HIV-1. However, LPV has poor placental penetration due to substrate activity for efflux transporter by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Since fatty acid transporters are highly expressed in the placenta during pregnancy, we designed fatty acid ester prodrug of lopinavir as substrates of fatty acid transporter in order to improve their uptake into placenta. Seven dicarboxylic acid esters of lopinavir have been made in our lab. The structures were characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, LC-MS/MS, HRMS, IR and melting points. After making the prodrugs, an LC-MS/MS method with high specificity and sensitivity, as …

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Environmental Enrichment-Induced Neuroprotection In Vulnerability To Nicotine Addiction, Adrian Michael Gomez

Theses and Dissertations

Tobacco use is the number one preventable cause of death in the world. Nicotine is the principal, addictive component in tobacco responsible for its reinforcing properties that drive the behavioral manifestations of nicotine addiction. Environment is becoming increasingly implicated in nicotine susceptibility. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to nicotine addiction remain unknown. An ideal animal model that addresses environmental factors uses rats raised in an enriched condition (EC), a standard condition (SC), and an impoverished condition (IC); which differ in novelty, social cohorts, handling, and physical activity. EC rats exhibit a neuroprotective-like phenotype in the behavioral resistance to …