Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Shared Contributions Of The Capsule, Labrum, And Bone On The Suction Seal Of The Hip, Alexander J. Hoffer

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The hip capsule, labrum, and bone contribute to hip stability. Abnormalities in these structures are associated with pain and microinstability. Previous studies have quantified the individual stabilizing roles of the capsule and labrum and have associated cam over-resection with decreased hip stability.

The first objective of this thesis was to identify the relative biomechanical contributions of the capsule, labrum, and bone to the hip suction seal, as a representation of hip stability. The second objective was to assess the effectiveness of a labral reconstruction in restoring the suction seal after a cam over-resection.

Ten human cadaveric hips were tested in …

Biomechanical Characterization Of Semi-Rigid Constructs And The Potential Effect On Proximal Junctional Kyphosis In The Thoracic Spine, Chloe Cadieux

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Long spinal fusions are the mainstay of treatment in adult spinal deformity; however, proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common and potentially catastrophic complication that can occur following this procedure. It has been hypothesized that using semi-rigid constructs at the superior aspect of the instrumentation may decrease this complication. The objective of this thesis was to determine if there is a biomechanical advantage between various semi-rigid constructs utilized in long spinal fusions to help decrease the risk of PJK. Nine human cadaveric spines (T1 – T12) instrumented with the standard all-pedicle-screw construct (APS) were compared to various semi-rigid constructs including …

Assessment Of Landing Biomechanics And Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Sheila S. Gagnon

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Aberrant landing biomechanics increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and are a focus of rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of the present thesis was to develop and evaluate methods of assessing landing mechanics and investigate the effects of different rehabilitation strategies after ACL reconstruction. Three studies were conducted. The first study used a Delphi process to develop the content of a Clinician-Rated Drop Vertical Jump Scale to evaluate jump landing mechanics during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Twenty experts participated in four rounds of questioning, resulting in 92% agreement for knee valgus collapse, lateral trunk lean, insufficient …

Acromial Insufficiency Fractures In Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study, Alicia Kerrigan

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is increasingly utilized in the aging population, with a growing list of surgical indications including rotator cuff tear arthropathy, proximal humerus fractures, and revision arthroplasty. Acromial insufficiency fractures following RTSA are poorly understood, difficult to diagnose, and associated with inferior clinical outcomes. There is limited knowledge in the literature regarding the etiology of post-operative acromial fractures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of implant parameters on acromial strain following RTSA.

Using a cadaveric model, a custom designed modular RTSA system was implanted that allowed for evaluation of modifiable parameters including glenoid …

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using A Novel 3d Printed Titanium Augment: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study, Charles-Antoine Dion

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

During revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA), proximal tibial bone loss is frequently encountered and can result in a less-stable bone-implant fixation. A 3D printed titanium augment that conforms to the irregular shape of the proximal tibia was recently developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fixation stability of rTKA with this augment in comparison to conventional cemented rTKA.

Fixation stability testing was conducted on eleven pairs of thawed fresh-frozen cadaveric tibias (22 tibias) after primary and revision TKA. During the loading protocol, the bone-implant micromotion was measured using a high-resolution optical system.

There was significantly less micromotion …

Wearable Sensors And Total Knee Arthroplasty: Assessing Quantitative Function To Improve The Patient Experience, Megan Fennema

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease for which the only long-term solution is total knee arthroplasty (TKA), though many patients are not satisfied with their TKA. Satisfaction in TKA patients is not well understood. Subjective questionnaires and objective functional tests have been previously used to assess TKA outcomes, but both have disadvantages. Wearable sensors have facilitated affordable biomechanical measurement in OA and TKA populations. The objective of this work was to use wearable sensors alongside functional tests with TKA patients to identify quantitative function that related to subjective function and satisfaction. A wearable sensor-setup was validated before implementation in …

Design, Development, Manufacturing And Biomechanical Testing Of Stand-Alone Cage For Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion, Fahad Alhelal

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: The most common method of spinal fusion includes pedicle screws instrumentation, either with or without interbody cage fusion. This thesis aimed to develop and test a novel stand-alone intervertebral device that eliminates the need for pedicle screws and rods.

Method: The stand-alone cage was designed in collaboration with spinal surgeons and engineers using computer assisting drawings, and manufactured in titanium by 3D printing. Biomechanical testing comparing the stand-alone cage with standard posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in sawbones (n=6) and cadavers (n=8).

Result: Compared to PLIF, the stand-alone cage demonstrated no significant difference in range of flexion, lateral bend …

The Effect Of Fixation Plate Length On Spinal Instability Following Anterior Cervical Plate Fixation For The Repair Of In Vitro Flexion-Distraction Injuries, Abdulaziz J. Al-Kuwari

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Abstract:

The Effect of Fixation Plate Length on Spinal Instability Following Anterior Cervical Plate Fixation for the Repair of in Vitro Flexion-Distraction Injuries

Introduction: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion with a plate (ACDFP) is a commonly performed treatment following a traumatic injury to the subaxial cervical spine. The purpose of the presented work was to determine the biomechanical effect of plate length on cervical spine kinematic stability following ACDFP stabilization for a simulated traumatic injury.

Methods: Eleven fresh-frozen cadaveric C5-C6 and C6-C7 motion segments were examined in this study. To assess kinematics, flexibility testing was performed on each specimen …

Design And Development Of A Novel Expanding Pedicle Screw For Use In The Osteoporotic Lumbar Spine, Parham Rasoulinejad

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Pedicle screws are commonly utilized in spinal surgery; however, traditional designs often do not provide adequate fixation in osteoporotic spines. The objective of this thesis was to develop a novel expanding screw for use in osteoporotic lumbar pedicles. Helical screws capable of expanding post insertion were built on a rapid prototype machine. A materials testing machine performed axial load to failure tests in both Sawbones and cadaveric specimens comparing the new design to traditional screws (rate = 10mm/min to 20 mm). Output parameters included yield load, ultimate load, stiffness, energy to failure and total energy. The expanding screw showed a …

Complex Shoulder Instability: The Role Of The Latarjet Coracoid Transfer, Ryan Degen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Recurrent anterior shoulder instability is a common clinical entity often requiring surgical stabilization. Recurrence rates following soft-tissue stabilization procedures are moderately high and have been attributed to associated bony defects of either the glenoid or humeral head. Complex shoulder instability, defined as instability associated with bony defects around the shoulder, is a challenging clinical problem. The Latarjet coracoid transfer has been proposed as a treatment option and its resultant stabilizing effects have been explored in this biomechanical cadaver-based study.

For both glenoid and humeral head defects, the Latarjet coracoid transfer adequately stabilized the shoulder, outperforming other procedures often utilized for …