Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Heart Failure, Molly Davis

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Heart Failure is defined as the pathophysiologic condition in which the heart is unable to generate an adequate cardiac output such that perfusion of tissues or increased diastolic filling pressure of the left ventricle, or both occurs (Huether & McCance, 2019).

Myasthenia Gravis, Rebecca Wheeler

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Myasthenia gravis (MG), a neuromuscular and autoimmune disorder, is not completely understood by clinicians and scientists. The primary cause is thought to be anti-Acetylcholine receptor antibodies that attack the neuromuscular junction, causing destruction of post-synaptic junctional folds and blockade of the receptor. This causes frequent weakness and fatigability of voluntary muscles, making activities of daily living difficult for those living with MG. Although it is not an incredibly prevalent disease, the incidence is increasing in the United States due to better testing and diagnosis. Treatments are available, including cholinesterase inhibitors that raise the concentration of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction …

Perioperative Risks Of The Patient With Heart Failure, Gabrielle Metoyer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Perioperative Risks of the Patient with Heart Failure

Gabrielle Metoyer

Department of Nursing, Otterbein University

NURS 6810 – Advanced Pathophysiology

Dr. Deanna Batross and Dr. Shivani Bhatnagar

August 5, 2022

Abstract

According to the CDC (2020), heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Heart failure is an epidemic disease affecting 1-2% of the population worldwide (Schwinger, 2020). It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an estimated 6.5 million adults with heart failure in the United States (Lo et al., 2021). Medical advances …

Hypertension-A Global Epidemic, Marie Tanyi

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Hypertension is a major cause of premature death and a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases globally. Heart diseases, renal failure, stroke, premature deaths, and disability mostly if not all contribute to the cardiovascular burden and thus pose a public health issue worldwide. The trends in hypertension are similar globally with a high prevalence noted in low and medium-income countries. Studies have identified smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, overweight or obesity, and sedentary lifestyle as modifiable risk factors in these populations. However, hypertension remains a substantial public health concern despite providers’ engagement in multi-component hypertension treatment and patient involvement …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Brennon Pinion

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant Hyperthermia is a rare but potentially fatal disorder that is triggered by the use of certain anesthetic medications. It is caused by a mutation in specific proteins in skeletal muscle that causes prolonged contraction, leading to a hypermetabolic state. This condition can have deadly effects like kidney failure, hemodynamic instability, and cardiac arrest. It is normally discovered during surgery and must be treated right away. The discovery of the treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia has dramatically decreased the fatality of the disorder, but treatment must be given immediately. For patients who develop Malignant Hyperthermia to have the highest chance of …

Cystic Fibrosis, India Hutchison

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex disease caused by an autosomal recessive gene mutation that results in the dysfunction of chloride transport proteins in epithelial tissues. The resultant highly viscous secretions can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive complications. Although modern treatment has become more individually targeted and the average life expectancy has increased in recent years, no cure has been discovered. It affects over 80,000 people worldwide, with 30,000 affected individuals living in the United States alone. This poster aims to provide a brief overview of the pathophysiologic processes, treatment therapies, and nursing considerations for Cystic Fibrosis.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd), Whitney R. Stant

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

To make a safe anesthetic plan, a nurse anesthetist must evaluate a patient's medical history. Anesthesia providers will encounter patients with COPD requiring anesthesia. It is necessary that nurse anesthesia understands the pathophysiology and peri-operative considerations to provide safe care to COPD patients. The poster provided can be a tool to review the pathophysiology and nursing implementations of COPD. It provides information for the nurse anesthetist to apply to the perioperative setting to improve patients’ surgery outcomes. An anesthetist is always striving to provide quality anesthesia care to their patients. COPD patients require extra preparation to prevent complications from arising …

Osteoporosis Implications For The Aging Adult, Grace Alford

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster describes the pathophysiology, symptoms, implications for care, and treatment of osteoporosis for advanced practice RNs. The research was conducted within health-related databases. The literature review narrowed the search to only include the pathophysiology, interventions, and care for osteoporosis. Literature was restricted to within the past five years. The research showed that osteoporosis reduces mineral density in bones and can be adequately treated within a short amount of time. It is important for nurses and advanced practice providers to be aware of current guidelines, screenings, and treatments for osteoporosis.

Perioperative Management Of The Patient With Diabetes Mellitus, Alexa High

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most prevalent co-morbidities seen in hospitals today. As such, it is extremely important for healthcare providers to be well informed in order to care for their patients properly. This poster will adequately inform healthcare providers on key signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment for diabetes mellitus. This poster will also include significant information on how to care for the patient with diabetes mellitus during the perioperative period.

Type I And Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiology And Nursing Anesthesia Considerations, Megan Przybysz

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Diabetes Mellitus is prevalent across the globe, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide (Ogurtsova, 2017). Due to the high incidence of those affected, all healthcare providers will be responsible for the care of a diabetic patient, making it imperative that providers have a working knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetes. This poster discusses the pathophysiology of type I and type II diabetes mellitus, as well as diabetes signs and symptoms and diagnostic criteria. There is also an examination of comorbidities associated with diabetes and how the pathophysiology of diabetes assists in the development of conditions such as autonomic neuropathy, …

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Aimee Baker

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster evaluates the current understanding of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) and describes current treatment recommendations, long-term prognosis, and advanced practice nursing implications. TTC is a relatively rare disease and is present in about 2% of suspected ST-segment myocardial infarctions in women. (Sattar et al., 2017) TTC is not well understood and has several current hypotheses regarding cellular pathology. This poster explores the current understanding of pathophysiologicderangements from an organ system and two pathologic hypotheses at the cellular level. Current treatment recommendations include subclasses of treatments stratified by types of complications. Also, this poster introduces a new subclass of heart failure …

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Dic), Kahl Knapke

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare medical emergency that can have profound and potentially life-threatening conditions. DIC has a hypercoagulability phase that simultaneously leads to a hypocoagulability phase due to depletion of clotting factors. DIC is secondary complication stemming from an underlying condition. Trauma, malignancy, severe infection, reaction to a transfusion, obstetric complications, etc. are a few conditions that are commonly linked to DIC. The primary method of treatment is early identification and resolving the underlying medical condition. The management of DIC requires nursing and medical staff with keen knowledge and understanding of precursor signs of DIC and the …

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Kahl Knapke

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare medical emergency that can have profound and potentially life-threatening conditions. DIC has a hypercoagulability phase that simultaneously leads to a hypocoagulability phase due to depletion of clotting factors. DIC is a secondary complication stemming from an underlying condition. Trauma, malignancy, severe infection, reaction to a transfusion, obstetric complications, etc. are a few conditions that are commonly linked to DIC. The primary method of treatment is early identification and resolving the underlying medical condition. The management of DIC requires nursing and medical staff with keen knowledge and understanding of precursor signs of DIC and …

Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology, Ellen Macdonald

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Atrial Fibrillation is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite how common this condition is, the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation is not fully understood. To enable better treatment and prevention of AF a clearer understanding of the development and progression of atrial fibrillation is needed. The purpose of the poster is to highlight current understanding of the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation as well as the signs and symptoms, complications and comorbidities, and the importance of nursing care for AF.

Acute Pancreatitis, Noah Prebish

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The continents of the poster are the result of a literature search that was conducted to find the most up to date information on various aspects of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis can be categorized as mild, moderate and severe cases. Mild and moderate cases of acute pancreatitis usually subside spontaneously and have no residual effects on patients. Severe acute pancreatitis is a potentially life-threatening disorder that results in the autodigestion of the pancreas. Autodigestion of the pancreas causes a systemic inflammatory response that usually results in rapid deterioration of patient’s hemodynamic status. Severe pancreatitis often leads to long hospital stays …

Venous Thromboembolism, Ngwangong Mitti

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious pathophysiological condition that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially perioperatively (Elisha at al., 2015).

The Pathophysiology Of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Ards), Alyscia Defrancisco

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is fatal when not recognized early, nursing care can have a positive impact on patient outcomes. ARDS is a disease of the lung caused by an acute lung injury. ARDS accounts for 10-15% of ICU admission and is underrecognized. Key nursing consideration are essential to help identify and treat ARDS.

Wound Healing, Emily Schmitter

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The topic being presented is wound healing. Wound healing is a pathological process that occurs in three phases: inflammation, proliferation and new tissue formation, and remodeling and maturation. Several factors can affect wound healing such as nutrition status, increased age and health status. Wound healing is relevant to advanced practiced nursing because APNs participate in prevention, assessment, and treatment of wounds. The APN is responsible for teaching diabetic patients about the importance of proper nutrition. The APN must also be able to identify a hard-to-heal wound. And the APN must know how to prevent infection and induce healing in hard-to-heal …

Ischemic Stroke, Rachele Gualtieri

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, and a very large percentage of those who suffer a stroke experience an ischemic stroke. It is detrimental that the healthcare providers caring for these patients are proficient in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of a stroke to preserve maximal function of the brain and promote a full recovery. It is also crucial that providers are aware of risk factors for stroke, events leading up to an ischemic injury, and the events that follow an ischemic injury. This poster discusses the underlying pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, risk …

Melanoma, Dianna Lauer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

There are many types of skin cancer prevalent in the world today. The three most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma (Watson et al, 2015). In the words of Hawryluk & Tsao (2014), “Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy borne of melanocytes, the pigment-generating cells of the skin”. Melanoma is known to cause the most deaths of the three main skin cancers and has many risk factors. The personal risk factors include, “family history, multiple moles, fair skin, blue eyes, red hair, and freckles” (Watson et al, p.e92, 2015). There are risk factors …

Dementia And The Role Of Alzheimer Disease, Jodi Kiessling

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Alzheimer disease is a progressive disease causing cognitive and functional decline with the hallmark sign of plagues and tangles within the brain. Genetics, inflammation, accumulation of beta-amyloid protein and breakdown of the blood brain barrier are all contributing factors in the disease. Treatment is not curative and is focused on symptom management and management of pre-existing chronic diseases.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Allison Bruce

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) burdens intensive care units (ICU) and their patients across the world. This presentation discusses the presentation, pathophysiology, current treatment and nursing implications for ARDS. This pathophysiological process requires exceptional interprofessional teamwork by the healthcare team. It is important for nurses to have an in-depth comprehension of this disease and its manifestations so that it can be detected and treated as quickly as possible. Further research and education are needed to improve the mortality rates of patients with ARDS.

Brain Pathology Of Heroin Addiction, Nickcolis Florentine

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster focuses on the effects of heroin addiction on the neurobiology of the brain and its implications for nursing care. Heroin use causes long term changes in the function of multiple areas of the brain. It is the hope of the author that understanding the pathophysiology of heroin addiction will help caregivers overcome innate bias and to become better caregivers for our patients.

Sepsis, John Bell

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The pathophysiology of sepsis is related to the patient’s immune response. It involves an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory responses, causing damage by a variety of mechanisms (Keegan & Wira, 2014).

Acute Bronchospasm Under General Anesthesia, Cody Rasmussen

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

An acute bronchospasm during general anesthesia can become a life-threatening intraoperative condition for any patient. Bronchospasm occurs when the bronchial smooth muscle constricts which makes ventilating the patient difficult, and can ultimately lead to hypoventilation, hypoxemia, and metabolic acidosis. It’s imperative for any anesthesia provider to understand what a bronchospasm is, its pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and algorithm of treatments. This poster presentation provides a summary based discussion of acute bronchospasm under general anesthesia.

Ards Pathophysiology, Kyle Kocher

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a very prevalent disease process in intensive care units around the world. It is estimated that the incidence of ARDS is 75 cases per 100,000 people in the United States (Balaan, Bihler, & Yadam, 2016). It is described as a refractory hypoxemia with pulmonary edema from a noncardiogenic cause (Balaan et al., 2016). The definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome itself has been debated and changed many times throughout the years. The most recently adopted definition of ARDS is the Berlin definition which uses several components to describe the disease. These components included timing …

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Madeleine Smith

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

My chosen research topic is systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), otherwise commonly known as lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune disease that affects many different body systems, and has no cure. There are a plethora of symptoms associated with the disease, and symptoms can vary greatly from person to person. Additionally, lupus can progress gradually and has periods of flares and remission like several other autoimmune diseases. All of these factors combined can make this disease very hard to diagnose, and therefore treat. By researching and learning more about lupus, I strive to gain a better understanding of this disease and its …

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd), Kaitlyn Newkirk

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a commonly diagnosed disease process, affecting nearly 20% of the population. GERD can greatly hinder one’s quality of life. “Routine” surgical procedures can become potentially life threatening to those affected by this disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease can lead to Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal malignancy. The advance practice nurse is responsible for accurately diagnosing a patient with GERD to avoid these potentially fatal consequences. The APN must recognize and acknowledge risk factors for GERD, assisting the patient in altering modifiable risk factors. Treatment options must be individualized to each patient and may include solely medical management or …

Malignant Hyperthermia, Aaron Roth

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare disease trait and can take place in a variety of settings. If not treated in a timely manner, the consequences will be dire. It is recommended that nurses and other healthcare personnel be properly educated on MH crises. By detecting the signs and symptoms associated with the disease, providers can efficiently remedy the crisis and save patient lives (Seifert, 2014). Since the discovery of dantrolene in 1975 and the advancement of genetics regarding MH, death rates dropped from about 80% to about 5% (Schneiderbanger et al., 2014). Today there is a MH group called the …

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Emily Stitzel

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal neurodegenerative disorder affecting an individual’s motor neurons. With a high prevalence affecting people in the United States of America, the progressive disease affects the lives of many. Once a patient is diagnosed, a short survival rate is to be expected. Importance for healthcare workers should be to focus on proper diagnosis, therapeutic communication, and palliative care. The pathophysiology is still under investigation; however, there have been breakthroughs regarding genetic alterations within the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) and a large repeat on the C9ORF72 gene. By examining the signs and symptoms, doing the …