Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tobacco And Alcohol Use In People Who Have A Learning Disability: Giving Voice To Their Health Promotion Needs, Maggie Lawrence, Susan M. Kerr, Christopher Darbyshire, Alan Middleton, Hazel Watson

Dr. Susan Kerr

Aim The aim of the study was to explore the tobacco and alcohol-related health promotion needs of people with mild/moderate learning disabilities.

Methodology & Methods The design of the study was grounded in the principles of the Medical Research Council’s Framework for the development and evaluation of complex healthcare interventions. Specifically, a developmental approach was adopted, where evidence was gathered and data collected and synthesised to inform the development of subsequent interventions. Systematic review methods were used to facilitate the gathering of evidence regarding the effectiveness of previous tobacco and alcohol-related interventions designed for people with learning disabilities (PwLD). Following …

Are There Differences In The Smoking Identities Of Adolescents Boys And Girls?, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Iris Torchalla, Pamela A. Ratner, Joy L. Johnson

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Purpose:

To assess sex-disaggregated differences in youth characterizations of their own smoking behaviour

Background:

•Smoking identities represent psychosocial constructions of how adolescents who smoke perceive themselves in relation to their smoking behaviour (e.g, ex-smoker, social smoker, occasional smoker, e.t.c.)

•These smoking identities converge (or diverge) with established taxonomies used to describe youth smoking behaviour

•Few quantitative studies have examined differences in smoking identity between boys and girls

Is Exposure To Peer And Family Smoking Associated With Youths' Initial Smoking Experiences?, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Chris G. Richardson, Joy L. Johnson

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background:

- Peers and family member’s smoking is associated with adolescent smoking.

- Sensitivity to the initial smoking experience, determined by positive (for e.g., feeling relaxed, high, and good) and/or negative (for e.g., feeling nervous, sick, coughing) symptoms upon initial smoking experimentation, is also associated with youth smoking.

- However, the effect of peer and family member’s smoking on the initial smoking experiences of adolescents has not been previously studied.

- We present the findings of a cross-sectional analysis assessing the association between exposure to smoking from peers and family members on the symptoms of the initial smoking experience of …

A Survey Of Stroke Nurses’ Knowledge Of Secondary Prevention Lifestyle Issues, Maggie Lawrence, Susan Kerr, Hazel Watson, Jennie Jackson, Margaret Brownlee

Dr. Maggie Lawrence

Nurses have an important role to play in providing information and advice on lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke. However, patients report receiving little or no lifestyle information. This study aimed to explore stroke nurses' knowledge and practice in relation to the provision of secondary prevention lifestyle information following stroke. Cross-sectional survey methods were used. Participants were members of the Scottish Stroke Nurse Forum (n=97). A self-completed questionnaire was used to collect the data, with descriptive statistics summarizing the results.

Promoting The Self-Regulation Of Clinical Reasoning Skills In Nursing Students, Ruthanne Kuiper, Daniel J. Pesut, Donald D. Kautz

RuthAnne Kuiper

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this paper is to describe the research surrounding the theories and models the authors united to describe the essential components of clinical reasoning in nursing practice education. The research was conducted with nursing students in health care settings through the application of teaching and learning strategies with the Self-Regulated Learning Model (SRL) and the Outcome-Present-State-Test (OPT) Model of Reflective Clinical Reasoning. Standardized nursing languages provided the content and clinical vocabulary for the clinical reasoning task.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study described the application of the OPT model of clinical reasoning, use of nursing language …

A Summary Of The Guidance Relating To Four Lifestyle Risk Factors For Recurrent Stroke: Tobacco Use, Alcohol Consumption, Diet And Physical Activity, Maggie Lawrence, Susan Kerr, Hazel Watson, Jennie Jackson, Margaret Brownlee

Dr. Maggie Lawrence

Stroke is a major cause of mortality, disability and family disruption; yet prevalence continues to rise despite advances in prevention and treatment. Many risk factors for stroke are modifi able, including life style behaviours, i.e. tobacco and alcohol use, diet and physical activity. Patterns that infl uence lifestyle behaviour are believed to be embedded in family life. Primary and secondary prevention of stroke are important health promotion issues. The objective of this study was to summarize government recommendations and contemporary evidence-based guidelines regarding four lifestyle risk factors for recurrent stroke.

Assessing Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Persons With Severe And Persistent Mental Illness, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Joy L. Johnson, Leslie Malchy

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background

• Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure increases the risk for cancer, respiratory illness, and cardiovascular disease.

• Individuals with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) have a higher smoking prevalence than the general population, placing them at increased risk for related morbidity and mortality.

• Given the higher smoking prevalence in this population, the risk for SHS exposure among smokers and nonsmokers with SPMI should be an issue of concern. Yet, SHS exposure in this population is understudied.

• The purpose of our study was to examine the correlates of SHS exposure in this population. Our specific aims were …

Innovations In Diabetes Education, Sharon Strang, M. Bagnardi

Sharon L. Strang

No abstract provided.

Novice To Expert: Nursing Assessment Using Human Patient Simulators, Carolyn Insley, Janet Willhaus

Janet Willhaus

Aims: This presentation describes the use of simulators with beginning nursing students in a nursing health assessment lab. The method gives students an opportunity to assess abnormal lung, cardiac and bowel sounds.

Background: Simulation of clinical situations has become more sophisticated with the introduction of human patient simulators. Simulation is used in nursing education to provide students with a safe environment in which to practice and improve clinical skills, gain self confidence, and reduce fear in caring for real patients. Patricia E. Benner’s theory of novice to expert supports student skill acquisition with basic physical assessment. This course combines practice …

Pencil To Practice: Nursing Student Recognition Of An Emergent Patient Condition, Rebecca Sander, Janet Willhaus

Janet Willhaus

Aims: This assessment scenario measured senior nursing student ability to assess, evaluate and recognize the development of an emergent patient condition. Background: In a traditional paper/pencil test, nursing students had difficulty recognizing the signs and symptoms of a pulmonary embolism early in the spring semester 2009. The lead instructor wanted to evaluate whether students would act and independently administer appropriate care in the simulation lab setting when given the same signs and symptoms. Method: Using the Blackboard platform, a patient chart was prepared for students. This chart was made available to the student one hour prior to the simulation. The …

Infection Control: Don't Spread The Glow, Carolyn Insley, Chavonne Wyatt, Janet Willhaus

Janet Willhaus

Aims: The simulation’s aim was to help nursing students prioritize care in an infection control environment and to provide a review of specific skills learned in the prior semester.

Background: Using Patricia E. Benner’s “Novice to Expert” theory, nursing students progress through levels of expertise. In this scenario, nursing students were expected to prioritize care from tasks requiring various levels of infection control. This simulation was conducted prior to beginning hospital clinicals for the semester.

Method: A static manikin was prepared with a central line, a gastric tube, a foley catheter and a leg wound with a known Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …

Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D And Depressive Symptoms In Japanese: Analysis By Survey Season, A. Nanri, T. Mizoue, Y. Matsushita, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, M. Sato, M. Ohta, N. Mishima

Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar

Turning Simulation Into Reality: Increasing Student Competence And Confidence, Debra Wagner, Mary Bear, Jane Sander

Debra L Wagner

Clinical experiences are an essential part of nursing education as students learn technical skills, build on critical thinking skills, and hone skills in patient teaching. To build competence and confidence in each of these skill areas, an innovative clinical experience for senior students enrolled in women’s health nursing was developed to provide nursing care and independent discharge teaching for postpartum mothers. Faculty facilitated this clinical experience by designing a simulation laboratory for students to practice their maternal self-care teaching and infant care skills prior to beginning their clinical rotation. In the hospital, students spent a day independently prioritizing new mothers’ …

Effect Of Oral Stimulation On Feeding Progression In Preterm Infants, Brenda S. Lessen

Brenda S. Lessen

How To Do Case Study Research, Donna M. Zucker

Donna M. Zucker

No abstract provided.

Silence, Power And Communication In The Operating Room, Fauzia Gardezi, Lorelei Lingard, Sherry Espin, Sarah Whyte, Beverley Orser, G. Baker

Lorelei Lingard

Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore whether a 1- to 3-minute preoperative interprofessional team briefing with a structured checklist was an effective way to support communication in the operating room.

Background.  Previous research suggests that nurses often feel constrained in their ability to communicate with physicians. Previous research on silence and power suggests that silence is not only a reflection of powerlessness or passivity, and that silence and speech are not opposites, but closely interrelated.

Methods.  We conducted a retrospective study of silences observed in communication between nurses and surgeons in a multi-site observational …

The Association Of Religiosity, Sexual Education, And Parental Factors With Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents And Young Adults, Kristin Haglund, Richard Fehring

Richard J Fehring

This study examined the association of religiosity, sexual education and family structure with risky sexual behaviors among adolescents and young adults. The nationally representative sample, from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, included 3,168 women and men ages 15–21 years. Those who viewed religion as very important, had frequent church attendance, and held religious sexual attitudes were 27–54% less likely to have had sex and had significantly fewer sex partners than peers. Participants whose formal and parental sexual education included abstinence and those from two-parent families were 15% less likely to have had sex and had fewer partners.

An Ethnographic Study Of The Media Consumption Habits Of Registered Nurses In The Chicago Designated Market Area (Dma), Sherri L. Ter Molen

Sherri L. Ter Molen

Because there has been a nursing shortage for the past decade and because the competition between employers for experienced registered nurses is fierce, I utilized archival quantitative data from a syndicated advertising database known as The Media Audit, quantitative data I collected from 100 surveys, qualitative data that I collected from 15 interviews, and qualitative data that I collected during 20 hours of observations in hospital cafeterias and nearby restaurants to discover how RNs use media, whether or not they share these media as an occupational co-culture, & their attitudes toward recruitment advertising in these media. This study draws upon …

The Use Of The Ethnonursing Qualitative Research Method To Study Culture Care, Sandra J. Mixer, Hiba Wehbe-Alamah, Marilyn R. Mcfarland, Renee Burke

Sandra J Mixer

Leininger developed the ethnonursing research method to study transcultural human care phenomena using her theory of culture care diversity and universality. The ethnonursing research methodology which uses an open, largely inductive process of discovery to document, describe, understand, and interpret people’s meanings and experiences will be presented. The ethnonursing researcher functions as co-participant with informants working together to discover how people experience and practice care in their daily lives. Systematic and reflective processes are used while focusing on the cultural context to explicate lifeways and understand their meaning for informants. The ethnonursing method embraces the importance of discovery from the …

Contributions Of Supportive Relationships To Heart Failure Self-Care, Margaret Sebern, Barbara Riegel

Margaret Sebern

Supportive relationships are known to improve outcomes for persons with heart failure (HF). Supporters may do so by improving self-care, but little is known about the influence of supportive relationships on HF self-care.

The purpose of this study was to explore background characteristics associated with supportive relationships, and the contribution of supportive relationships to HF self-care. The construct of shared care was used to operationalize supportive relationships. Shared care refers to a system of interpersonal processes (communication, decision making, and reciprocity) used in close relationships to exchange support. A cross sectional design was employed recruiting 75 HF dyads.

Older patients …

Alternate Reality: Nursing Research Tools For The Real World, Shannon Fay Johnson

Shannon F Johnson

No abstract provided.

Evolving The Theory And Praxis Of Knowledge Translation Through Social Interaction: A Social Phenomenological Study, Carol L. Mcwilliam, Anita Kothari, Cathy Ward-Griffin, Dorothy Forbes, Beverly Leipert

Anita Kothari

Background: As an inherently human process fraught with subjectivity, dynamic interaction, and change, social interaction knowledge translation (KT) invites implementation scientists to explore what might be learned from adopting the academic tradition of social constructivism and an interpretive research approach. This paper presents phenomenological investigation of the second cycle of a participatory action KT intervention in the home care sector to answer the question: What is the nature of the process of implementing KT through social interaction?

Methods: Social phenomenology was selected to capture how the social processes of the KT intervention were experienced, with the aim of representing these …

Mobile Outreach For Hepatitis C And Hiv In Western Massachusetts, Donna M. Zucker, Jeung Choi, Emily Gallagher

Donna M. Zucker

Poster Presentation

Effect Of Oral Stimulation On Feeding Progression In Preterm Infants, Brenda Lessen

Brenda S. Lessen

This is a poster presentation of original research conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a newly developed prefeeding oral stimulation intervention (Beckman Oral Motor Intervention-Premature Infant) on feeding progression and length of stay on preterm infants younger than 30 weeks PMA.

Creating An Innovative Faculty Practice Site: Conducting A Needs Assessment, Sharon Strang

Sharon L. Strang

No abstract provided.

Vitamin C, Tini Gruner, Rachel Arthur

Dr Tini M Gruner

Summary the first nutritional disease ever identified was scurvy, which was endemic in Europe in the 18th century. Vitamin C was subsequently recognised in 1928 as the ‘antiscorbutic factor’ in the citrus fruits that James Lind had fed his sailors. Since then, the research on this nutrient has ebbed and flowed, portraying it at different stages as both panacea and placebo. In light of the current evidence-based paradigm, it appears now that the true effect of vitamin C lies somewhere between the two. There is growing recognition by international authorities of the broader actions and applications of vitamin C, and …

Vitamin B12: An Undervalued Vitamin, Tini Gruner

Dr Tini M Gruner

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Method For The Separation Of Corrinoids In Ovine Tissues By Hplc, R Kelly, Tini Gruner, A Sykes

Dr Tini M Gruner

A method has been developed using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a radioisotope dilution assay (RIDA) to routinely estimate the distribution of corrinoids (the cobalamins hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, and cobalamin analogues) in liver, plasma, milk, intestinal fluid and faeces. Corrinoids were extracted with a sodium acetate buffer, separated by HPLC and quantified by RIDA. Recoveries of corrinoids were 29% for hydroxocobalamin, 50% for 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and 64% for methylcobalamin. The method allows the routine analysis of many samples and maintains good standards of precision.

Analysis Of Corrinoids In Ovine Tissues, R Kelly, Tini Gruner, J Furlong, A Sykes

Dr Tini M Gruner

Corrinoids from various ovine tissue samples (liver, blood, small intestinal fluid and faeces) were analysed using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a radioisotope dilution assay (RIDA) to estimate the distribution of corrinoids - the cobalamins hydroxocobalamin (OH-cbl), methylcobalamin (me-cbl) and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (ado-cbl), and cobalamin analogues - in these tissues. Samples were taken from either cobalt-deficient or cobalt-replete ewes, and ruminant and pre-ruminant lambs. In liver, ado-cbl predominated, followed by analogues, OH-cbl and me-cbl. Supplementation with either cobalt (ruminant) or vitamin B12 injections (pre-ruminant) increased the amount of ado-cbl and decreased analogues. In blood, OH-cbl predominated, followed by …

Vitamin B12, Tini Gruner

Dr Tini M Gruner

The usefulness of vitamin B12 in clinical practice is commonly underrated, particularly in agerelated diseases. This article provides some background on the rationale for inclusion of this vitamin in the treatment of a number of health problems and offers a metabolic understanding of the indications, therapeutic uses and administration of this important vitamin. Hopefully, much suffering will be alleviated if micronutrient therapy such as that outlined here is included in mainstream treatment of chronic and age-related diseases.