Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sepsis Pathophysiology, Samantha Kingsley

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is one of the most common diagnoses in medical intensive care units (MICUs) worldwide. Sepsis is a medical emergency where prompt intervention is vital to promoting positive patient outcomes. Septic shock develops when sepsis has progressed to the point of persistent hypotension despite appropriate fluid resuscitation. It is important to recognize the early signs of sepsis and intervene to prevent further progression. As the understanding of the pathophysiology has developed further over the years, the treatments and outcomes associated with sepsis have also improved. However, prompt recognition and intervention have always been at the forefront of management and should …

Sepsis: Early Identification Of Sepsis, Natasha Asante

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is a life threatening emergency and it is the body’s extreme response to an infection (CDC, 2019). Sepsis continues to be a problem for all medical institutions globally due to its high mortality rate. Sepsis can be caused by any pathogen and may arise from pneumonia, urinary tract infections and infections in the skin or soft tissue (Nagalingam, 2018). As sepsis progresses, it can lead to organ dysfunction, tissue damage and death. The progression of sepsis can be categorized in 3 stages, that is Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), severe sepsis and septic shock. Septic shock is the most …

The Pathophysiology Of Sepsis, Lauren Tomczak

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis occurs when an infection overwhelms the body and can lead to systemic organ dysfunction and death. The pathophysiology of sepsis is complex; disruption of the immune system causes unbalanced inflammatory and coagulation responses. Mortality rates of sepsis remain high, but continued research in the area of sepsis pathophysiology will likely lead to improved treatment modalities and better patient outcomes.

Sepsis-Induced Dessemination Intravascular Coagulation, Hussainatu Bah

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

This poster focused on Sepsis-Induced DIC, life-threatening complications causing severe coagulopathy that if not recognize and treated early, can lead to multi-organ failure, death, and morbidity. Many patients who come to the hospital for some sort of infection are already at risk for Sepsis-Induced DIC and moreover, surgeries can increase the risk of Sepsis-Induced DIC. It is now understood that the prevention of Sepsis-Induced DIC largely depends on early detection, treatment, and prevention. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) need to be well educated on this topic to be effective providers. Five research-based articles with other supporting sources were reviewed …

Neutropenic Sepsis In The Intensive Care Unit, Nicole Melchiorre

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster will review the pathophysiology of neutropenic sepsis, specifically involving patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Understanding the pathophysiological process of neutropenic sepsis allows the caregiver to comprehend the severity and consequences of the disease process and how imperative early intervention is in treatment of these patients. Early intervention with fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, obtaining cultures, and maintaining adequate perfusion of vital organs by treating hypotension and hypoxia are all a part of improving outcomes and decreasing mortality. It is crucial to recognize the complexity of neutropenic sepsis and responding to it as an oncological emergency.

Sepsis, John Bell

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

The pathophysiology of sepsis is related to the patient’s immune response. It involves an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory responses, causing damage by a variety of mechanisms (Keegan & Wira, 2014).

Pathophysiology Of Infective Endocarditis, Blake Splawinski

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease that can be difficult to manage and treat due to the complex nature of the disease process. The pathophysiology behind IE involves damage to the cardiac endothelium allowing bacterial infection to occur. Pathogens gain access to the bloodstream adheres to the compromised cardiac tissue. This infection grows and causes a multitude of issues for the patient. Determining the specific bacteria involved allows for the proper antibiotic regimen. Understanding the pathophysiology and treatment plans assist the interdisciplinary team to successfully manage IE. Nursing implications focus on education, monitoring, and identifying patient populations more susceptible …

Pathophysiology Of Sepsis, Billie K. Newland

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency. In the United States, over 1.6 million hospitalizations and 250,000 deaths are attributed to sepsis each year. It is important that healthcare providers are aware of the signs/symptoms of sepsis because effective treatment depends on rapid recognition and treatment. Current quality improvement measures were used to investigate sepsis treatment recommendations. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and Joint Commision (JC) recommend the use of Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1). The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) launched the Emergency Quality Network (E-QUAL) Sepsis Initiative as an addition to the SEP1 …

Sepsis, Sarah Jones

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is a dysregulation of the inflammatory response, termed systemic inflammatory response syndrome or SIRS, caused by stimulation of an infectious process. Sepsis often leads to organ dysfunction and increased morbidity, mortality and financial burdens. The goal of treatment is to initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapies, target the underlying infection, optimize intravascular volume, provide fluid resuscitation and maintain adequate perfusion and stroke volume (Taeb, Hooper & Marik, 2017).

Timing of treatment and early detection of sepsis is critical to patients with early warning signs. Sharing this information and potentially making a difference in the outcomes of patients presenting with early signs …

Group A Strep (Gas), Kimberly Hyatt

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Group A Streptococcal (GAS) bacteria is a common but potent pathogen. GAS is the most common cause of pharyngitis in the world and can be easily treated with the right antibiotic. Left untreated or undertreated, however, GAS is the ninth leading cause of infectious disease mortality, worldwide. Lethality from a GAS infection is 10-30%. The virulence factors of GAS are responsible for the short and long term havoc it wreaks on an individual, and the incredible disease burden of 18.1 million severe cases of GAS, annually, around the globe. In the U.S., each year, GAS pharyngitis, alone, costs $500 …

Sepsis To Septic Shock, Seth Whitlow

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

The diagnosis of sepsis has long been part of medicine, however ambiguous definitions, treatment modalities, and research criteria have not provided a unified understanding of the disease. In 2016, international healthcare practitioners convened a panel of experts and developed criteria that defined sepsis as ‘life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection’. The pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock is complex and make understanding physiological host response to infection difficult. Evidence shows that with each passing hour patient mortality is increased when treatment is withheld. Sepsis has proven an elusive diagnosis where one size does not fit …

Sepsis Pathophysiology, Alex Akers

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection” (Singer et al, 2016). Despite being a lesser-known evil when compared to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident, sepsis occurs in more than 230,000 patients in the United States annually and is the cause of more than 40,000 deaths per year (Seymour & Rosengart, 2015). Although the prevalence of sepsis in the hospital setting is common, the presentation varies making sepsis difficult to diagnose. Patients presenting to the hospital with sepsis can have a variety of complaints all of which stem from an infectious source. This …

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Rachael B. Gale

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

This poster provides an introductory look at the assessment, pathophysiology, management and care of a patient with ARDS.

The Pathophysiological Process Of Sepsis, Stefane Adams

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is a medical emergency and can be a life-threatening illness that results as a complication from a severe infection, which occurs when chemicals that have been released into the bloodstream by the body’s defense system work to fight off an infection (Mayo Clinic, 2016). Sepsis is one of the leading causes of deaths in patients in the hospital setting worldwide, becoming more common than breast and bowel cancer combined (Nursing Times, 2014). Sepsis can affect anyone; however it is more common in the elderly or in individuals with weaker immune systems. Health care providers (HCPs) must fully understand this …

The Pathophysiology Of Sepsis: Early Recognition And Intervention In The Healthcare Setting, John Walsh

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis can affect anyone including the immunocompromised and those at both ends of the age spectrum. The implications for nursing care with an understanding of sepsis is paramount in providing optimal patient outcomes and reducing mortality. Advanced practice nurses should be familiar with the signs and symptoms of sepsis throughout its continuum and possess an understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. In the realm of anesthesia, the ability of the nurse anesthetist to recognize and competently manage the septic patient is imperative in promoting the best possible patient outcomes.

Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia And Increased Risk For Sepsis, Megan E. Moore-Weber

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Available treatment options for patients diagnosed with cancer include surgery, the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities. Chemotherapeutic agents utilized to treat cancer have a variety of potential side effects. One of the most common and well known side effects associated with the administration of chemotherapeutic agents is neutropenia. Neutropenia places oncology patients at an increased risk of contracting infections which may lead to a life threatening complication known as sepsis. Sepsis is an extremely dangerous oncologic emergency requiring prompt medical treatment. Failure to recognize symptoms associated with sepsis in the neutropenic patient and …

Gram-Negative Bacteria And Sepsis, Christine D. Ridge

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Today’s medical world encompasses an environment in which gram-negative bacteria that once were defeated with common antibiotics, have now become resistant. Gram-negative bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter are pathogens that are an emerging threat causing sepsis due to multidrug-resistance (Pop-Vicas & Opal, 2014, p.189). The multidrug-resistance mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria coupled with a patient population commonly seen in hospital settings, that consist of immunocompromised adults due to advancing age, comorbidities (e.g. AIDS, history of transplants, diabetes, and chemotherapy), and immunotherapies, create an environment for advanced infection or sepsis to take place.

Complications of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria …

Sepsis In The Intensive Care Setting, Katie Mojzisik

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Sepsis is a complex systemic illness. According to Kruse et al. (2016), neutropenic sepsis is a frequent complication in cancer patients. Although the underlying disease is curable, once transferred to the ICU with sepsis these patients have poor outcomes. • Patients who develop sepsis are commonly admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Working on the Medical Intensive Care Unit (JMICU) at the James Cancer Hospital, one sees septic cancer patients often. This cancer diagnosis places patients at a higher risk of developing sepsis. Some patients also have a high risk due to decreased immunity from chemotherapy treatments. Oncology patients can …