Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pharmacy Admissions: The Dating Game, Travis Mentch, Aaron Oliver, Joel Sanvee, Godfred Atta-Effa, Maame Debrah-Pinamang, Monica Saad, Aleda Chen, Stephanie M. Cailor, Kate Ford

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract:

Background:

According to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, as of July 2015, there are 132 US-based colleges and schools of pharmacy. The decision on which school students choose can be one of the most important decisions they will make in their lives. Many factors can affect these decisions, such as: curricular content, location/facilities, finances, and diversity. Although there are many factors that impact student decisions, the relative importance of these factors is unknown. This project will determine the importance of these factors in order to aid school recruitment.

Objectives:

The objective of this project is to determine …

Reducing Perineal Tears: The Effect Of Pushing Methods And Length Of 2nd Stage Of Labor, Kristen A. Mohre, Jessica A. Wall, Chien-Yueh Lee

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Objective: To evaluate the current literature evidence for the effects of either instructed or spontaneous pushing on perineal laceration incidence during delivery and the duration of second stage of labor.

Background: Lacerations (tears) of the perineum are common among women during delivery, increasing pain, infection risk, and other problems for women. Furthermore, prolonged second stage of labor has been shown a risk factor for lacerations. Pushing methods could have an effect on the incidence of lacerations and duration of second stage of labor.

Methods: Thorough search of online databases for the highest levels of evidence relating to the topic within …

Perceptions Of Marijuana Use Among Adolescents, Kofi Amoah, James Baffoe, Katherine Distel, Matt Madden, Jordan Thomas, Insang Yang

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Background

The United States federal government has been discouraging use of marijuana for decades. Prior to 1970, the federal regulation of marijuana use was through taxes. In 1970, marijuana use was deemed a criminal offense, and overrode any states that considered it legal. In 2012, Colorado and Washington were the first two states to legalize marijuana for recreational use. A study found adolescent use was 8.68% higher in states allowing medical marijuana and had a significantly lower perception of risks associated with marijuana use (6.94%).

Objectives

To determine if an educational program about the effects of marijuana use can negatively …

The Different Artificial Sweeteners And Their Effects On Endothelial Cell/Blood Vessel Health: Possible Implications For Ringing In The Ear, Morgan R. Bailey, Jessica A. Ward, Belinda O. Darkwah, Brandon L. Spears, Casey A. Nelson, Myriam E. Shaw Ojeda, Rocco J. Rotello

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract:

Background:

Tinnitus, a condition whose remarkable symptom is ringing in the ear (RIE), is a problem plaguing people all around the world in varying degrees of severity, though it is most common and severe in older populations. Literature is lacking on its etiology. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Several possible components could play a role in the development of tinnitus including neurological, physiological, traumatic, dietary and vascular factors. No factor has yet been definitively linked to the development of tinnitus. Vascular health can be significantly impacted by diet- especially in regard to sugars. As artificial sweeteners …

Herb-Drug Interaction Of Andrographolide On The Pharmacokinetics Of Carbamazepine In Rats, Elizabeth Aziz, Samuel Franklin, Ankit Pandav, Abigail Savino, Caleb Thompson, Caleb Vandyke, Ruth Choi, Elisha R. Injeti

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Objective: To determine if andrographolide (AND) impacts the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ).

Background: CBZ is an anticonvulsant medication that is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. AND is an over-the-counter medication that is common in Eastern cultures to treat inflammation and is a CYP enzyme inhibitor. Because CBZ is metabolized in the liver by these specific CYP enzymes, coadministration of andrographolide and CBZ could result in a herb-drug interaction.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (N=12) aged between 3 months and 6 months (250-350 g) will be split into control (N=6) and treatment (N=6) groups. The treatment group will receive …

Medication Reconciliation Of Medically-Complex Emergency Department Patients By Second-Year Professional Pharmacy Students, Lauren Haines, Neal S. Fox, Rachel Bull, Jeb Ballentine, Zachary Jenkins

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

ABSTRACT:

Background: There is a high potential for medication discrepancies to occur during patient care transitions. However, health professionals must find ways to reduce these and improve patient care, such as with medication reconciliation. This intervention is used to identify a patient’s most accurate medication list by comparing the medical record to another list obtained from the patient, hospital, or other provider. Pharmacists have a major role in this process because of their medicinal expertise, but paying them is expensive, so using students may be more cost-effective. Research has examined fourth-year professional pharmacy students (P4s) performing medication reconciliation …

Assessing Patient Adherence And Satisfaction: Clinical Services Beyond The Pharmacy Counter, Thaddeus Franz, Bryan Feldmann, Colin J. Behm, Danielle Grear, Jeremy Flikkema

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Medication adherence is a bigger problem than many of us are willing to admit. If patients do not take their medications as prescribed, they will not get the full therapeutic benefits and will put themselves at risk if serious harm. An estimated 125,000 deaths occur in the United States annually due to non-adherence. The objective of this study is to establish a pharmacy intervention model that best provides patient satisfaction and improved medication adherence through the use of home visits and follow-up calls by pharmacists and pharmacy interns at Clark’s Pharmacy. In order to do this, patients receiving home visits …

Azithromycin Use In Upper Respiratory Infection, Charles D. Snyder, Sarah Winey, Scarlet Lau, Ryley Uber, Mouhannad Saad, Rebecca Widder, Douglas Anderson

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Antibiotic resistance is a problem that is growing worldwide. Misuse and overprescribing of antibiotics leads to a rise in pathogens that are resistant to the conventional drugs prescribed, causing increases in morbidity and mortality rates. Antibiotic resistance occurs when microbes still survive despite the presence of an antibiotic. The remaining microbes grow in strength and multiply until there is a population that are now resistant to treatment. One such treatment is azithromycin, an antibiotic often prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections (URI). A URI is any infection of the respiratory tract from the nasal cavities to the larynx that can …

Assessing Student Empathy For Hemodialysis Patients, Stephanie M. Cailor, Logan Conkey, Laura K. Farleman, Rachel M. Wilcox, Emily M. Laswell

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Hemodialysis is a treatment process utilized by kidney patients to filter their blood. These patients are required to undergo an intensive regimen including hemodialysis treatments multiple times per week lasting 3-5 hours each. As a result of hemodialysis, patients experience decreased autonomy, freedom, and independence. An estimated 50% of these patients do not adhere to their treatment regimen. Patients on hemodialysis may be more compliant to their treatment if they are satisfied with the level of care and empathy they perceive from their healthcare providers. Currently there is no literature measuring empathy levels of healthcare professionals or students towards patients …

A Measure Of The Amount Of Vitamin K Leached Out From Cooked Greens In Potlicker, Douglas Anderson, Kara Bobka, Matthew Johnson, Chelsea Manion, Samuel Tesfaye, Rebecca Widder, Joshua Willoughby

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized by plants, is found in large quantities within green leafy vegetables, such as collard, mustard, turnip and spinach. These greens are commonly cooked with fat to enhance flavor. The vitamin K in these greens can leach out during cooking into the liquid portion of the pot, which is referred to as potlicker. Vitamin K activates clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X,), which can lead to the formation of a thromboembolism (blood clot). People at a higher risk of forming blood clots are often prescribed warfarin, an anti-coagulant that acts as a competitive inhibitor …

Community Education On Mtm Services, Kristin Lessig, Lindsay Mailloux, Jacob Davis, Samantha Smolinski, Stephen Yeboah, Aleda M.H. Chen, Thaddeus T. Franz, Ginger D. Cameron, Jenna Lawhead

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract

Background

Medication nonadherence, defined as “the number of doses not taken or taken incorrectly that jeopardizes the patient’s therapeutic outcome,” is a major health problem with about 43% of the general population nonadherent to their medications. Medication nonadherence accounts for an estimated 125,000 deaths per year in the US, 33-69% of medication-related hospital readmissions, and an estimated $100 to $300 billion in direct and indirect medical costs. Medication therapy management (MTM), defined as “a distinct service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients,” has been found to reduce medication nonadherence. However, many individuals eligible for …

Evaluating The Bioavailability Of Carbamazepine Using A Novel Snedds Formulation, Jinwon Byun, Derrick L. Chapman, Rebecca A. Kyper, Gina M. Mattes, Zachary A. Wallace, Elisha R. Injeti

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Central to the mechanism of how drugs work are the concepts of solubility and bioavailability. Drugs enter the body via absorption into the bloodstream, arrive at the target location, and bind to receptors to cause an effect. Drugs need to be soluble enough to pass through the cell membrane to enter and exit the bloodstream. Higher solubility generally correlates to higher bioavailability. Additionally, the smaller the particle size, the easier the drug will pass through the membrane into the blood plasma. Researchers have designed a system to categorize solubility class: Class I being high permeability and high solubility, Class II …

Effectiveness Of Clinical Scenarios In Improving Student Interprofessional Skills And Attitudes, Ashley Peterson, Mike Pelyhes, Laura Cummings, Phillip L. Thornton, Zachary N. Jenkins

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Background: “Interprofessional education (IPE) is defined as the process by which individuals from two or more health professions learn with, from, and about each other across the spectrum of their education to improve collaboration, practice, and the quality of health care.” [1] Interprofessional Education has recently gained interest as an important aspect of training in healthcare professions, attracting the attention and support of several key pharmacy organizations. Various models of IPE have been implemented to facilitate collaboration among medical, nursing, pharmacy, and social work students and professionals. One model found to be particularly effective among pharmacy students is a mock …

The Pivotal Role Of The Pharmacist In A Primary Care Office, Julie Cummings, Olumami O. Amaye, Mckenzie Shenk, Cara Toms, Nathanael Smith, Thaddeus T. Franz, Tracy R. Frame

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Abstract

The profession of pharmacy has evolved from a dispensing role to an interdisciplinary clinical role in patient care. One area of patient care expertise is Medication Therapy Management (MTM), which includes services such as pharmacotherapy, medication therapy reviews, disease management, immunizations and other clinical services. In various studies, pharmacists conducting MTM have shown improved patient outcomes in community pharmacy and hospital settings. Amidst the valuable services all healthcare professionals are providing, increasing medical costs and consequences have become overwhelming, leading to negative patient outcomes. A lack of primary care physicians (PCPs) may contribute to these distressing facts. Gaps in …

Efficacy Of Marketing Strategy For Reach Vitamins, Jessica Davis, Jordan Long, Megan Buck, Paul Bicknell, Melody L. Hartzler

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

According to the 2009 Global Report, Vitamin A supplementation in children reduces the death rate by 23% in populations at risk of deficiency. REACH Vitamins is a for-profit business that provides a one-year supply of vitamin A to children in underprivileged countries for each bottle of vitamins A, B, C, D, or the multivitamin purchased. The primary objective of this exploratory, qualitative study is to determine if there is a more appropriate marketing strategy for REACH Vitamins compared to the current marketing strategy used. The secondary objective is to determine if REACH Vitamins’ charity motivates consumers to purchase their products. …

Natural Products As Therapeutic Agents In Cancer Treatment, Eric Huseman, Lauren P. Williams, Brittany Santee, Trevor Stump, Chelsae Ward, Rachel Kunze, Denise S. Simpson, Samson Amos

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Cancer accounts for 25% of deaths in the United States, and brain tumors greatly contribute to this percentage. However, relative to other types of cancers, brain tumors prove difficult to treat because they are heterogeneous, highly proliferative, highly invasive, and resistant to the traditional cancer treatments of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Past studies have shown that flavonoids and curcuminoids, two classes of compounds derived from natural sources, are effective in inhibiting the development and metastasis of breast and lung cancer cells. Research has also indicated that these compounds have potential for treating brain tumors.

The purpose of this research is to …

Development Of A Novel Aspirin Suppository Formulation And Evaluation Of The Acetylation Of Cox-1 Via A Ht-29/Caco-2 Cell Absorption Assay Used To Detect The Absorption Of Aspirin Formulated With Various Bases And Excipients, Tiffany J. Zehel, Danielle L. Eaton, Sarah A. Myers, Mallory J. Martin, Joseph D. Newman, Rocco J. Rotello, Miriam A. Ansong

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

As the baby-boomer population ages, hospitalization rates will rise, increasing the number of patients who are NPO. Research indicates that aspirin use also increases with advanced age. With the increased prevalence of this demographic, there continues to be a growing need for alternative dosage forms for aspirin administration. A common and limited-risk alternative is rectally administered aspirin. However, there appears to be only one commercially available aspirin suppository and it has yielded erratic results as shown in previous research.

Aspirin is considered a pro-drug; once it is inside the body, the acidic environment cleaves the aspirin molecule down to salicylic …

Prevention Of Infection In Pin Sites, Sarah Pelletier, Audrey Stearns, Victoria Smith

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

External fixation is a term describing skeletal apparatuses that attach to wire or pins that penetrate the bone, used for complex fractures and limb deformity. 11-100% of patients with external fixation develop some sort of infection. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the measures taken to prevent infection are effective.

Promoting Early Skin-To-Skin Contact And Its Effect On Breastfeeding, Jamie Atkins, Grace Frederick, Ellen Lintemuth

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

This study explores the implementation of skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby immediately following birth and its effects on: successful breastfeeding initiation, duration of breastfeeding, and breastfeeding exclusivity.

Patient Hand-Off, Amy Cuddington, Olivia Johnson

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

During a patient‘s stay in the hospital, many nurses will be involved in that patient’s care. It is vital that nurses communicate well during change-of-shift report to ensure quality and continuity of care. According to the Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare, 80% of serious medical errors occur due to miscommunication between health care providers when patient responsibility is handed-off. The Hand-off Communications Project found that over 37% of handovers were defective and did not allow the receiver to safely care for the patient. Defective hand-off can lead to patient harm, delayed or improper treatment, and increased length of hospital …

Risks Associated With Intramuscular Injections In The Dorsal Gluteal Site, Chelsea Craig, Joanna Huschilt

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

All of the articles that were reviewed agreed that the dorsal gluteal injection site has risks and is not the best site for intramuscular injections. Four of the seven articles identified the possible risk of the dorsal gluteal intramuscular injection being injected into subcutaneous tissue instead of muscle. Five of the seven articles identified nerve damage as a potential risk to giving a dorsal gluteal injection. And one article mentioned the possibility of blood vessel damage. Two of the articles identified both nerve damage and injection into the subcutaneous tissue as a possibility in a dorsal gluteal injection. All of …

Preventing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Ashley Warner, Becky Dennis

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

The most common nosocomial (hospital acquired) infection is Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). VAP increases morbidity and mortality rates. 8-28% of critical care patients develop VAP. VAP also increases the length of a hospital stay and adds $20,000-40,000 to the cost. Insurance companies will not cover this cost. The purpose of this study is to determine the best method to reduce the occurrence of VAP.

Sleep Disturbances In Mental Health Care: A Review Of Literature On Nursing Interventions, Sarah Jungbauer, Kara Taylor

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Sleep is essential in the repair and renewal of cells and tissues. It allows the body to recover from the wear and tear of life’s daily activities, slows metabolism, decreases heart workload, relaxes body muscles, and preserves energy. Sleep deprivation caused by psychological disorder can cause anxiety, euphoria, irritability, and memory impairment. Insomnia is associated with depression, anxiety disorders, deficient work performance, drug abuse, and reduction in productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine what nursing interventions are available to improve the sleep quality of mental health care patients.

The Neuroprotective Effects Of Therapeutic Hypothermia In Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Systematic Review Of The Evidence, Elisabeth Blair, Ashley Short

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death. About 300,000 cardiac arrests occur each year in the US., and survival rates vary from 11-48%. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a relatively new treatment option for cardiac arrest patients.

Therapeutic Phlebotomy Related To Polycythemia Vera And Hemochromatosis, Dylan Cimo, Nathan Miller, Emily Neal

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

This study looks at therapeutic phlebotomy as first-line treatment of blood disorders, including polycythemia vera and hemochromatosis. Some professionals prefer alternative treatments to phlebotomy.

Instillation Of Normal Saline In Endotracheal Suctioning, Natalie Spears, Natlie Cook, Krystal Garcia

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

“Suctioning is one of the most common procedures in the ICU and high dependency wards; its aim is to remove respiratory tract secretions, thus maintaining airway patency and preventing complications of secretion retention” (Paratz, 2009 p. 1). An important and debated part of this care is whether the use of normal saline (at a delivery of 2cc-10cc) before suctioning of an endotracheal tube causes more harm than good. An intubated or mechanically ventilated patient may need to be “suctioned between three and twenty-four times a day” (Zahran, 2011, pg. 31) Due to the many physiological effects already endured by these …

Early Vs. Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping, Jerilyn Cox, Kristen Givens, Katie Grayton

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Nearly 4 million infants are born annually in the United States. Events during birth can have life-long implications. Early cord clamping is associated with a decreased risk of jaundice, whereas delayed cord clamping is associated with a decreased risk of anemia. Parents deserve knowledge and autonomy concerning care of their infants.

Prevention Of Venous Thromboembolism In The At-Risk Patient, Marissa Simpson, Carly Hartman, Nikki Siefert

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Venous thromboembolism affects between 200,000 and 600,000 Americans each year. VTE has become the third most common cause of death in the United States and accounts for 15% of maternal related deaths in developed countries world-wide. Those who are most at risk are ones who have experienced trauma, surgery, upcoming or recent childbirth, CHF, cancer, paralysis, the elderly, and those who are immobile. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective prevention method for VTE in the at-risk patient.

The Effectiveness Of Lactated Ringers Solution Versus Normal Saline, Danis Davis, Sara Kochanowski

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

In this review of literature we aim to determine which crystalloid solution would be the most beneficial and safe for patients experiencing shock due to hemorrhage and patients undergoing organ transplant or repair. The choice of crystalloid solutions, such as Lactated Ringer’s solution or Normal Saline is under debate as to which should be used during specific scenarios to achieve safe fluid administration.