Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Does Empowerment Matter? Perceptions Of Nursing Leaders In Pakistan Through Qualitative Approach, Saleema A. Gulzar, Rozina Karmaliani Professor, Kausar S. Khan Ms, Rubina Barolia, Shirin Rahim, Aneeta Pasha

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, where women are oppressed, women dominating professions like nursing is mostly seen as disempowered and requires considerable struggle to achieve its due recognition and respect.
Aim: This study aims to explore the experiences of empowerment among the nursing leaders of Pakistan. Methods: This study uses a qualitative descriptive design. Total of twelve Pakistani Nursing leaders were interviewed using semi-structured interview guideline to explore their experiences of empowerment.
Results: The study findings revealed five major categories which include: status of a nurse, nursing profession, power relationships, value-belief system, and leadership and management.
Conclusions: Nurses’ …

Shining A Light On Nursing Art In Pakistan, Shirin Rahim, Rafat Jan Ruknuddin, Kathryn L. Gramling

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Nursing is considered both science and art. Artful nursing has been essential for holistic nursing practice since the time of Nightingale, but it is getting neglected and has been lately limited to nursing literature (Gramling, 2004). This qualitative study seeks to gain an understanding of the perceptions of active nurses in Pakistan about nursing art and yields four major themes: artful nursing is embedded in humane responsiveness, artful nursing has healing power, artful nursing is a satisfying experience, and artful nursing is invisible in nursing practice. Study participants valued nursing art, and their perceptions illuminate Watson's Theory of Human Caring …

Hepatitis A Antibody Seroprevalence In A Selected Kenyan Pediatric Population, Aggrey Wasunna, Florence Murila, Moses M. Obimbo, Mwaswere J. Rama, Horatius Musembi

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

The incidence of infection by Hepatitis A virus shows regional variation being highest in developing countries. Determination of age specific Hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence and the associated risk factors would help better plan for national preventive strategies including vaccination. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 300 children from Nairobi city, Kenya during the years 2003-2004. The age range of the children was 2 - 14 years and were from low and high socioeconomic status (SES) families. The indicators of SES included employment status, residence, number of children per patient’s household, parents’ level of education and source of drinking …

Cost Analysis Of Large-Scale Implementation Of The ‘Helping Babies Breathe’ Newborn Resuscitation-Training Program In Tanzania, Sumona Chaudhury, Lauren Arlington, Shelby Brenan, Allan Kaijunga Kairuki, Amunga Robson Meda, Kahabi Isangula, Victor Mponzi, Dunstan Bishanga, Erica Thomas, Georgina Msemo, Mary Azayo, Alice Molinier, Brett D. Nelson

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) has become the gold standard globally for training birth-attendants in neonatal resuscitation in low-resource settings in efforts to reduce early newborn asphyxia and mortality. The purpose of this study was to do a first-ever activity-based cost-analysis of at-scale HBB program implementation and initial follow-up in a large region of Tanzania and evaluate costs of national scale-up as one component of a multi-method external evaluation of the implementation of HBB at scale in Tanzania.

Methods: We used activity-based costing to examine budget expense data during the two-month implementation and follow-up of HBB in one of the …

Schools Of Public Health In Low And Middle-Income Countries: An Imperative Investment For Improving The Health Of Populations?, Fauziah Rabbani, Leah Shipton, Franklin White, Iman Nuwayhid, Leslie London, Abdul Ghaffar, Bui Thi Thu Ha, Rajiv Rimal, Anwar Islam, Amirhossein Takian, Samuel Wong, Shehla Zaidi, Kausar S. Khan, Rozina Karmaliani, Imran Naeem Abbasi, Farhat Abbas

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

Public health has multicultural origins. By the close of the nineteenth century, Schools of Public Health (SPHs) began to emerge in western countries in response to major contemporary public health challenges. The Flexner Report (1910) emphasized the centrality of preventive medicine, sanitation, and public health measures in health professional education. The Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) in 1978 was a critical milestone, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMICs), conceptualizing a close working relationship between PHC and public health measures. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2005-2008) strengthened the case for SPHs in LMICs as …

Looking Forward To More And Better Midwifery In Asia In 2017, Rafat Jan, Edwin Van Teijlingen

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Strengthening The Knowledge And Skills Of Community Midwives In Pakistan Through Clinical Practice Internships, Arusa Lakhani, Rafat Jan, Kiran Mubeen, Sadia Karimi, Shahnaz Shahid, Rozina Sewani, Marina Baig, Farzana Adnan

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Objective: On the-job training of Community Midwives (CMWs) is of critical importance in enabling midwives to provide services that meet standards of quality care. The objective of this study was to assess the intervention of an internship for CMWs that would increase their ability to provide quality maternal, newborn, and child health services.
Method: A pre and post-intervention design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of an internship of 32 working days. Validated questionnaire was used to assess the CMWs’ knowledge and skills before and after the intervention. Overall, 252 CMWs from 14 districts of the Sindh and …

Effectiveness Of Video-Assisted Teaching On No-Scalpel Vasectomy On Knowledge And Attitude Of Married Men In Rural Nagaland, India, Arhoni Tungoe

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

This study assessed whether video-assisted teaching increased the knowledge of,and resulted in a more favourable attitude among married men regarding No-Scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) in a selected village of 17,000 people,bordering Assam, in Nagaland, India. The study used a one group,before-and-after design. The participants were 30 married men who were selected through purposive sampling. Pre-tested and validated tools to assess knowledge and attitudes were used for data collection. The mean post-test scores, on both the knowledge and attitude scales,showed a significant increase from pretest scores (knowledge pre-test mean 11.53±3.41; post-test 21.23±2.18;attitude pre-test mean 20.87±2.64, post-test35.2±1.66).Thus we conclude that the video-assisted teaching …

Adolescent Pregnancies: The Case Of Pakistan, Kiran Mubeen, Marina Baig

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Early motherhood not only causes poor health outcomes, but often also deprives adolescent girls of educational, social, and economic development opportunities for the rest of their lives. Evidence suggests that although the burden of adolescent pregnancies is less in Pakistan than in Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal, the pregnancy outcomes continue to be devastating in this country. This paper discusses the social barriers in addressing this issue in Pakistan and proposes recommendations for targeted interventions to reduce the high birth rate amongst adolescents in the country. The role of midwives asfrontlinegatekeepers can be pivotal for prevention ofteenagedpregnancies in Pakistan. Unfortunately, the …

News & Events

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

The Uptake Of Skilled Birth Attendants’ Services In Rural Nepal: A Qualitative Study, Yuba Raj Baral, Jo Skinner, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Karen Lyons

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Aim and objective: The general aim of this research was to explore why women do or do not want to uptake Skilled Birth Attendants’ (SBAs) services during childbirth. The objective was to explore the factors affecting the uptake of SBAs’ services during childbirth in rural Nepal.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Setting: The fieldwork was conducted in a rural area, in a western hill district of Nepal.
Participants: Interviews were conducted with 24 married women aged 18-49, who had given birth during the three years prior to the time of interview. Sixteen women …

‘Competent, But Not Allowed To Blossom’: Midwifery-Trained Registered Nurses’ Perceptions Of Their Service: A Qualitative Study In Sri Lanka, Sunethra Jayathilake, Vathsala Jayasuriya-Illesinghe, Rasika Perera, Himani Molligoda, Kerstin Samarasinghe

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Objective: To explore midwifery-trained registered nurses’ perceptions of their own profession as maternity care providers and how they identify their role, tasks, and responsibilities within a multi-professional team.
Design: An exploratory qualitative study using focus group discussions and qualitative content analysis.
Setting: Three selected tertiary care hospitals in the Capital Province in Sri Lanka.
Participants: Twenty-two midwifery-trained RNs working in intra-partum and postpartum units.
Findings: The overriding theme of the analysis was identified as ‘competent but not allowed to blossom fully in their practice’, based on two main categories: ‘provision of competent care’ and ‘working with disappointments’. Each main …

Therapeutic Communication And Relationships In Chronic And Complex Care, Sharon Brownie, Robin Scott, Rachel Rossiter

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

As the population ages and the incidence of chronic diseases and lifestyle-related conditions rises, nurses are increasingly required to provide care for people with a range of chronic (long-term) conditions. The healthcare needs of patients are often complicated by comorbid conditions. Nurses deliver healthcare in the context of the patient’s medical conditions, treatment regimens, the healthcare system, and the individual’s socioeconomic, personal and family factors, which may include the challenges of social isolation and geographic distance. In such complex circumstances, patients may be perceived as ‘difficult’ or ‘challenging’, however, the challenge is not the patient themselves, but the relationship between …

Neonatal Mortality Within 24 Hours Of Birth In Six Low- And Lower-Middle-Income Countries., Abdullah H. Baqui, Dipak K. Mitra, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Ilyas, Murtaza Ali, Imran Ahmed, Shabina Arif, Sajid B. Soofi, Sachiyo Yoshida

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To estimate neonatal mortality, particularly within 24 hours of birth, in six low- and lower-middle-income countries.

Methods: We analysed epidemiological data on a total of 149 570 live births collected between 2007 and 2013 in six prospective randomized trials and a cohort study from predominantly rural areas of Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Pakistan, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia. The neonatal mortality rate and mortality within 24 hours of birth were estimated for all countries and mortality within 6 hours was estimated for four countries with available data. The findings were compared with published model-based estimates of neonatal …

“Let’S Work: Involving Nursing Students In The Care Of Elderly People At Nursing Home”, Mehtab Qutbuddin Jaffer, Shanaz Hussein Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Working in nursing homes is the most challenging task for a nursing staff, but at the same time it can be a spirit jarring experience for young nursing students. From the perspective of nursing students, often students find it difficult to deal with elderly people living in the nursing home. They feel stressed, depressed, and insecure when asked to communicate with elderly people. At the Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), baccalaureate nursing students chose an elective course on care of elderly clients, where theory is offered in a blended form and clinical experience is provided by …

Important Steps To Maintain The Privacy Of Patients In The Hospital, Savera Aziz Ali, Minaz Mawani, Gulshan Bano, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Women are considered as vulnerable groups in our society in spite of their defined women rights by various laws. This shows that unfortunately these laws are not implemented practically in the real life. Society is shaped by the individuals and everyone should be responsible for advocating their own rights as well as the right of others especially of the vulnerable groups within the population.

Partnership In Action: A Case Study In Nursing Workforce And Leadership Development In East Africa, Sharon Brownie

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Session presented on Saturday, July 23, 2016: East Africa suffers an inordinate burden of disease and does not have the numbers of suitably qualified nurses and midwives to address this challenge.' Focussed efforts in nursing workforce capacity building are needed to build capacity within nursing education, practice and leadership. An enhanced nursing and midwifery workforce is needed across all disciplines with development required at all levels including upgrade of the existing workforce, development of speciality qualifications and enhancement of leadership capacity.'This presentation involves a case study in which university private-public partnerships have successful contributed to nursing capacity enhancement of nursing …

Important Strategies For Effective Family Planning Counseling, Savera Aziz Ali, Minaz Mawani, Gulshan Bano, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of The Health Care System Of Pakistan: Lessons Learnt And Way Forward., Zohra Kurji, Zahra Shaheen Premani, Yasmin Mithani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

BACKGROUND:

Pakistani health care system is in progress and since last year, Pakistan has tried to make much improvement in its health care delivery system and has brought out many reforms.

METHODS:

A systematic search of national and international literature was looked from peerreviewed databases form MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed.

RESULTS:

There is little strength in health care delivery system in Pakistan like making health policies, participating in Millennium Development Goals program, initiating vertical programs and introducing Public Private Partnership, improving human resource development and infrastructure by making Basic Health Unit and Rural Health Centres. However, these all programs are …

Nurses' Involvement In Hiv Policy Formulation In Nigerian Health Care System, Ekaete Asuquo, Josephine Bassey Etowa, Wendy A. Gifford, Dave Holmes

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background of study: Nigerian national policy on HIV stresses the need for the adoption of multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary approach in policy formulation, with the health sector taking the lead. This calls for collaboration among the various stakeholders including nurses in policy development initiatives to ensure that diverse health care needs and disciplinary perspectives are captured in HIV health policies.

Purpose: This paper will present the findings of a recent study which examined nurse’s involvement in policy development in the context of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in Nigeria.

Methodology: A qualitative case study design under the guiding tenets of critical …

Teachers’ Perceptions And Practices Of Written Feedback In Higher Education., Raisa Begum Gul, Ambreen Tharani, Arusa Lakhani, Nusrat Fatima Rizvi, Syeda K. Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

This mixed-methods research aimed to understand the practices and perceptions of teachers regarding writtenfeedback. For this purpose, a survey was administered to 150 teachers forming a non-probability sample, who wereworking in various universities in Karachi. The disciplines chosen for the study included nursing, applied linguistics,medicine and education departments in institutes of higher education situated in Karachi. Before sampling, initialscreening was done to obtain a list of institutes which provide written feedback on students’ assignments. Twohomogenous groups of teachers by discipline (nursing and education) were then selected for focus group discussions.It was found that most teachers consider written feedback an important …

Editorial - Jam June 2016, Rafat Jan, Edwin Van Teijlingen

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Needs And Expectations: A Membership Survey Of The Midwifery Association In Afghanistan, Sabera Turkmani, Cristina De Nicolás, Fatima Gohar, Pashtoon Azfar Zyaee

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

A survey of the Afghan Midwives Association (AMA) members was conducted in April 2013 to determine the profile of the midwifery workforce, and to provide guidance on the professional needs and expectations of midwives in the future. Of the estimated 3,000 members across the country, around 500 participated in the Annual Congress, 400 questionnaires were distributed randomly among participants, and 357 were returned (89% response rate representing 12% of the overall membership).

The results showed that most members are pleased with the Association, and value its work, particularly its ability to advocate on their behalf with the Ministry of Public …

Birthing Centres In Nepal: Recent Developments, Obstacles And Opportunities, Preeti K. Mahato, Edwin Van Teijlingen, Padam Simkhada, Catherine Angell

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Establishing and promoting birthing centers (BCs) can be one strategy to increase access to emergency obstetric care and skilled attendants at birth, to avert many maternal deaths. BCs are a component of local health service delivery, whereby midwives (or health care professionals with midwifery competencies) provide maternity services to generally healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies, mostly in the community setting.
Methods: A literature review was carried out involving searches and appraisals of relevant literature on birthing centers in Nepal, South Asia, and other similar settings.
Findings//Conclusion: In Nepal, midwife-led care in BCs was found to be …

Perceptions Of The Role Of The Man In Family Planning, During Pregnancy And Childbirth: A Qualitative Study With Fifteen Nepali Men, Magdalena Mattebo, Bharati Sharma, Erica Dahlkvist, Eleonor Molinder, Kerstin Erlandsson

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Introduction: In Nepal, by tradition, family life and marriage are generally controlled by patriarchal norms, sanctions, values and gender differences. Women in Nepal have limited possibilities to make decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health, as the husbands and other elders in the family make most of the decisions regarding family planning, pregnancy and childbirth.
Aim: To describe the perceptions of Nepali men regarding the role of the man with respect to family planning, pregnancy and childbirth.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 15 Nepali men in both urban and rural areas. The material was analyzed through inductive …

Misconceptions And Mismanagement Of Menstruation Among Adolescents Girls Who Do Not Attend School In Pakistan, Naghma Rizvi, Tazeen Saeed Ali

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Menstruation is perceived and interpreted differently under different social and cultural norms. There are a number of different practices, conceptions and misconceptions that have been reported in studies conducted in various countries. In Pakistan, there is a dearth of knowledge related to hygienic and unhygienic practices, discomforts, misconceptions related to nutrition, and restrictions imposed during menstruation. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objectives to identify the conceptions and misconceptions about menstruation, explore hygienic and unhygienic practices during menstruation along with the socio- cultural and religious restrictions imposed, and the discomforts with its management among adolescents who do not …

Midwifery In Chile - A Successful Experience To Improve Women´S Sexual And Reproductive Health: Facilitators & Challenges, Eduardo Lillo, Sandra Oyarzo, Jorge Carroza, Anita Román

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Midwives have had a major presence in the Chilean Health System since 1834, just a few years after the country’s independence from Spain. Since then, the professionalization and expertise achieved by professional midwives has resulted in considerable improvement in women’s sexual and reproductive health.

Today, the maternal Mortality Ratio is rated the second lowest in the Americas (16 deaths per 100,000 live births), and midwives take care of virtually all deliveries in the public system, in both rural and urban women’s health care units (99.8%). Such figures have been attained after many years of hard work; and, as a consequence, …

News & Events

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

No abstract provided.

Challenges Of Mass Media Interventions Regarding Mental Health: A Community Exemplar In Kampala Uganda, Moses Wankiiri, P. Petrucka

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

The Community Psychiatric Support Organization is a registered voluntary not for profit NGO in Uganda working to promote mental health by empowering the community to care for the mentally ill. Mental illness occurring in Uganda is often ‘explored’ or ‘explained’ from non-medical perspectives, including social, cultural, and/or religious belief systems. Over the last two years, the organization has conducted sixty six (66) live radio mental health education talks and twenty six (26) live television talk shows in an effort to reduce stigma towards mental illness. Such campaigns within developing contexts have not be examined extensively, although, in other sectors such …

Factors Affecting Depression Among Married Women Living In Urban Squatter Settlements Of Karachi, Pakistan, Shireen Shehzad, Salima Farooq, Yasmin Parpio, Rozina Karmaliani Professor, Nargis Asad, Iqbal Azam Syed, Omrana Pasha

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: Depression is one of the growing public health concerns among women worldwide. This is one of the most under-recognized and under-treated mental illnesses worldwide. Women of developing countries are inexplicably affecting with depression. Purpose: The purpose of study is to assess the prevalence and associative factors of depression among women of aged 20 to 40 years living in urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. The identification of all the potential determinants will potentially help in formulating preventive strategies in order to decline the prevalence of depression among women and improve the well being of women.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional …