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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Diffuse Traumatic Axonal Injury Within The Visual System: Implications For Visual Pathway Reorganization, Jiaqiong Wang
Diffuse Traumatic Axonal Injury Within The Visual System: Implications For Visual Pathway Reorganization, Jiaqiong Wang
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury is a major health problem with much of its morbidity associated with traumatic axonal injury (TAI). To date, significant insight has been gained into the initiating pathogenesis of TAI. However, the specific anterograde and retrograde sequelae of TAI are poorly understood because the diffuse nature of TAI complicates data analysis. To overcome this limitation, we subjected transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) within the visual system to central fluid percussion injury, and consistently generated diffuse TAI within the optic nerve that could easily be followed in the organized YFP positive fibers. We demonstrated progressive axonal swelling, …
Unique Features And Neuronal Properties In A Multisensory Cortex, W. Alex Foxworthy
Unique Features And Neuronal Properties In A Multisensory Cortex, W. Alex Foxworthy
Theses and Dissertations
UNIQUE FEAUTRES OF ORGANIZATION AND NEURONAL PROPERTIES IN A MULTISENSORY CORTEX Multisensory processing is a ubiquitous sensory effect that underlies a wide variety of behaviors, such as detection and orientation, as well as perceptual phenomena from speech comprehension to binding. Such multisensory perceptual effects are presumed to be based in cortex, especially within areas known to contain multisensory neurons. However, unlike their lower-level/primary sensory cortical counterparts, little is known about the connectional, functional and laminar organization of higher-level multisensory cortex. Therefore, to examine the fundamental features of neuronal processing and organization in the multisensory cortical area of the posterior parietal …
Overexpression Of Serum Response Factor In Astrocytes Improves Neuronal Plasticity In A Model Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Arco P. Paul
Theses and Dissertations
Neuronal plasticity deficits underlie many of the neurobehavioral problems seen in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Recently, we showed that third trimester alcohol exposure lead to a persistent disruption in ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. For instance, few days of monocular deprivation results in a robust reduction of cortical regions responsive to the deprived eye in normal animals, but not in ferrets exposed early to alcohol. This plasticity deficit can be reversed if alcohol-exposed animals are treated with a phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1) inhibitor during the period of monocular deprivation. PDE1 inhibition can increase cAMP and cGMP levels, activating transcription factors …
The Role Of Calcineurin In Dendritic Remodeling And Epileptogenesis In A Rat Model Of Traumatic Brain Injury, John Campbell
The Role Of Calcineurin In Dendritic Remodeling And Epileptogenesis In A Rat Model Of Traumatic Brain Injury, John Campbell
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, causes potentially preventable damage in part through the dysregulation of neural calcium levels. This dysregulation likely affects the activity of the calcium-sensitive phosphatase, calcineurin, with serious implications for neural function. To test this possibility, the present study characterized the role of calcineurin in a rat model of brain trauma, the lateral fluid percussion injury model. Golgi-Cox histochemistry revealed an acute post-TBI loss and delayed overgrowth of dendritic spines on principal cortical cells. The spine loss appeared to require calcineurin activity, since administering a calcineurin inhibitor, …
Effects Of Early Alcohol Exposure On Ocular Dominance Plasticity, Crystal Lantz
Effects Of Early Alcohol Exposure On Ocular Dominance Plasticity, Crystal Lantz
Theses and Dissertations
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is the leading cause of mental retardation in the western world. It is associated with learning and sensory deficits. Some of these deficits are a result of faulty neuronal plasticity. Previously our lab has used ferrets to demonstrate that alcohol exposure during the third trimester of human gestation results in impaired ocular dominance plasticity (ODP). Here we have transferred this model to mice. Mice, treated with 5 mg/kg of ethanol on postnatal days 5, 7 and 9, exhibit a lack of ODP plasticity after 10 days of monocular deprivation (MD) during the critical period of visual …
Circuit Development In The Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Dlgn) Of The Mouse., Tania Seabrook
Circuit Development In The Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Dlgn) Of The Mouse., Tania Seabrook
Theses and Dissertations
The visual system is one of the most widely used and best understood sensory systems and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the mouse has emerged as a model for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and activity-dependent refinement of sensory connections. Thalamic organization is highly conserved throughout species and the dLGN of the mouse possesses many features common to higher mammals, such as carnivores and primates. Two general classes of neuron are present within the dLGN, thalamocortical relay cells and interneurons, both of which receive direct retinal input. Axons of relay cells exit dLGN and …
Cns Neural/Glial Progenitors As Targets Of Hiv-1 And Opiates: Effects On Proliferation And Population Dynamics May Alter Behavior Outcomes., Yun Kyung Hahn
Cns Neural/Glial Progenitors As Targets Of Hiv-1 And Opiates: Effects On Proliferation And Population Dynamics May Alter Behavior Outcomes., Yun Kyung Hahn
Theses and Dissertations
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with a history of injection opiate abuse have higher incidences of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neurological dysfunction. The use of combined anti-retroviral therapy has significantly reduced the prevalence of mortality and progression to AIDS. Due to extended life expectancy, these patients are still at a great risk for HIV-associated neurological disorders and impairment in their later life. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) play critical roles in brain growth and repair after injury and insult. Pediatric HIV patients whose glial populations are still developing are especially at risk for central nervous system (CNS) damage. Our …