Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Breast Cancer Incidence In Black And White Women Stratified By Estrogen And Progesterone Receptor Statuses., Michael X. Gleason, Tengiz Mdzinarishvili, Simon Sherman

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease presented by different phenotypes and that white women have a higher breast cancer incidence rate, whereas black women have a higher mortality rate. It is also well known that white women have lower incidence rates than black women until approximately age 40, when rate curves cross over and white women have higher rates. The goal of this study was to validate the risk of white and black women to breast cancer phenotypes, stratified by statuses of the estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: SEER17 data were …

Design Of A Prostate Cancer Patient Navigation Intervention For A Veterans Affairs Hospital, Narissa J. Nonzee, June M. Mckoy, Alfred W. Rademaker, Peter Byer, Thanh H. Luu, Dachao Liu, Elizabeth A. Richey

Dartmouth Scholarship

Patient navigation programs have been launched nationwide in an attempt to reduce racial/ethnic and socio-demographic disparities in cancer care, but few have evaluated outcomes in the prostate cancer setting. The National Cancer Institute-funded Chicago Patient Navigation Research Program (C-PNRP) aims to implement and evaluate the efficacy of a patient navigation intervention for predominantly low-income minority patients with an abnormal prostate cancer screening test at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital in Chicago.

Synergistic Effects Of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Combined With Low Concentration Of Gemcitabine On Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro, Jing Wang, Jinsong Guo, Shan Wu, Hongqing Feng, Shujun Sun, Jie Pan, Jue Zhang, Stephen J. Beebe

Bioelectrics Publications

Treatment of cancer often involves uses of multiple therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action. In this study we investigated combinations of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) with low concentrations of gemcitabine on human oral cancer cells. Cells (Cal-27) were treated with pulse parameters (20 pulses, 100 ns in duration, intensities of 10, 30 and 60 kV/cm) and then cultured in medium with 0.01 mu g/ml gemcitabine. Proliferation, apoptosis/necrosis, invasion and morphology of those cells were examined using MTT, flow cytometry, clonogenics, transwell migration and TEM assay. Results show that combination treatments of gemcitabine and nsPEFs exhibited significant synergistic activities …

Discrimination Of Colon Cancer Stem Cells Using Noncanonical Amino Acid, Xinrui Duan, Honglin Li, Hexin Chen, Qian Wang

Faculty Publications

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Metabolic labelling of newly synthesized proteins with non-canonical amino acids allows us to discriminate CSCs in mixed populations due to the quiescent nature of these cells.

Diffusion Weighted Mr Imaging Of Ring Enhancing Brain Lesions, Muhammad Shahbaz Alam, Zafar Sajjad, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Zahid Anwar Khan, Fatima Mubarak, Waseem Akhtar

Department of Radiology

Objective: To evaluate the role of diffusion weighted imaging in differentiating the cause of ring enhancing brain lesions.

Study Design: Analytical, descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from March 2007 to July 2011. Methodology: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was performed on 37 patients having ring enhancing lesions on their post-contrast brain MRI scans. These lesions were characterized into neoplastic and abscess cavity on the basis of diffusion restriction. Correlation of all these findings was done with histopathology obtained in all these patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and …

Transforming Growth Factor-Β Suppresses Metastasis In A Subset Of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells., Neka A.K. Simms, Ashwani Rajput, Elizabeth A. Sharratt, Melanie Ongchin, Carol A. Teggart, J. Wang, Michael G. Brattain

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

BACKGROUND: TGFβ signaling has typically been associated with suppression of tumor initiation while the role it plays in metastasis is generally associated with progression of malignancy. However, we present evidence here for an anti-metastatic role of TGFβ signaling.

METHODS: To test the importance of TGFβ signaling to cell survival and metastasis we compared human colon carcinoma cell lines that are either non-tumorigenic with TGFβ response (FET), or tumorigenic with TGFβ response (FETα) or tumorigenic with abrogated TGFβ response via introduction of dominant negative TGFβRII (FETα/DN) and their ability to metastasize. Metastatic competency was assessed by orthotopic transplantation. Metastatic colony formation …

Interleukin-1Β Mediates Metalloproteinase-Dependent Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Cell Invasion Through The Activation Of Ccaat Enhancer Binding Protein Β, Brenda L. Petrella, Matthew P. P. Vincenti

Dartmouth Scholarship

Effective treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a major medical concern, as these tumors are refractory to standard therapies and prognosis is poor. Although molecularly targeted therapies have shown some promise in the treatment of this disease, advanced RCC tumors often develop resistance to these drugs. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression to advanced disease is necessary to design alternative and improved treatment strategies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) found in aggressive RCC tumors produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 b (IL-1b). Moreover, the presence of TAMs and high serum levels of IL-1b in RCC patients correlate …

Ron - The Con In Colorectal Carcinoma, Shikha Tarang, J. Wang

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

The recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) is a member of MET family of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs), an overexpression of which has been observed in several cancers. The expression of RON gene is required during embryonic development and also plays critical roles in regulating macrophage inflammatory response. In CRC, the overexpression of moderate RON activity contributes to their oncogenic potential by regulating several key processes such as proliferation, motility and resistance to apoptosis. Interestingly, an aberrant RON expression is often associated with the generation of several splice variants with unique transforming activities. The targeting of RON signaling pathway by the use …

A Heuristic Solution Of The Identifiability Problem Of The Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Of Cancer Occurrence: Lung Cancer Example., Tengiz Mdzinarishvili, Simon Sherman

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

BACKGROUND: The Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis is aimed at estimating the following effects on disease incidence: (i) the age of the subject at the time of disease diagnosis; (ii) the time period, when the disease occurred; and (iii) the date of birth of the subject. These effects can help in evaluating the biological events leading to the disease, in estimating the influence of distinct risk factors on disease occurrence, and in the development of new strategies for disease prevention and treatment.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a novel approach for estimating the APC effects on disease incidence rates in the frame of …

Notch Regulation Of Adam12 Expression In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Ala'a S. Alsyaideh

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor, accounting for 17% of all primary brain tumors in the United States. Despite the available surgical, radiation, and chemical therapeutic options, the invasive and infiltrative nature of the tumor render current treatment options minimally effective. Recent reports have identified multiple regulators of glioblastoma progression and invasiveness. It has been demonstrated that ADAM12, A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase encoded by ADAM12 gene, is over-expressed in glioblastoma and directly correlated with tumor proliferation. Additionally, dysregulation of the Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many gliomas. Lastly, an evolving role of microRNAs, …

Differential Expression Of Metabolic Genes In Tumor And Stromal Components Of Primary And Metastatic Loci In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma., Nina V. Chaika, Fang Yu, Vinee Purohit, Kamiya Mehla, Audrey J. Lazenby, Dominick J. Dimaio, Judy M. Anderson, Jen Jen Yeh, Keith R. Johnson, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Pankaj K. Singh

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five-year survival rate of 6%. It is characterized by extremely aggressive tumor growth rate and high incidence of metastasis. One of the most common and profound biochemical phenotypes of animal and human cancer cells is their ability to metabolize glucose at high rates, even under aerobic conditions. However, the contribution of metabolic interrelationships between tumor cells and cells of the surrounding microenvironment to the progression of cancer is not well understood. We evaluated differential expression of metabolic genes and, hence, metabolic pathways …

Gentamicin Rapidly Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism In High-Frequency Cochlear Outer Hair Cells, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard Hallworth, Michael G. Nichols

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Aminoglycosides (AG), including gentamicin (GM), are the most frequently used antibiotics in the world and are proposed to cause irreversible cochlear damage and hearing loss (HL) in 1/4 of the patients receiving these life-saving drugs. Akin to the results of AG ototoxicity studies, high-frequency, basal turn outer hair cells (OHCs) preferentially succumb to multiple HL pathologies while inner hair cells (IHCs) are much more resilient. To determine if endogenous differences in IHC and OHC mitochondrial metabolism dictate differential sensitivities to AG-induced HL, IHC- and OHC-specific changes in mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence during acute (1 h) GM treatment …

Examining Cancer-Related Pain And Quality Of Life In Lehigh Valley Home Care Patients, Linda G. Alley Phd, Rn, Hannah D. Paxton Rn, Mph, Michelle D. Flores Bsn, Rn, Carol A. Foltz Phd, Jen Wike Mph, Mba, Vickie Cunningham Bsn, Rn, Jeffrey Etchason Md

Administration & Leadership

No abstract provided.