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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Qki-Mediated Cholesterol Biosynthesis In Eye Lens And Myelin Of The Central Nervous System, Seula Shin, Seula Shin
Qki-Mediated Cholesterol Biosynthesis In Eye Lens And Myelin Of The Central Nervous System, Seula Shin, Seula Shin
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Cells obtain cholesterol in two ways, de novo biosynthesis and uptake from circulation. While most tissues utilize both sources, eye lens and brain depend extensively on cholesterol biosynthesis due to the limited supply from circulation. Lens cell membrane consists of highest portion of cholesterol. Brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ, which accounts for 23% of total cholesterol. Genetic mutations of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes in humans and animal models present cataracts and hypomyelinating disorders linked to neurological impairment. Yet, it remains unclear how gene expression of cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated in lens and brain. Therefore, studying cholesterol biosynthesis in both tissues …
Reversal Of Neurodegeneration By Engineered Monocytes In Alzheimer’S Disease, Chao-Hsien Chen
Reversal Of Neurodegeneration By Engineered Monocytes In Alzheimer’S Disease, Chao-Hsien Chen
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
The health challenges posed by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continue to grow as societies age worldwide. Accumulation of Tau-associated pathology correlates with clinical cognitive deterioration in AD. Resident myeloid cells within the central nervous system (CNS) have a limited capacity to uptake and degrade Tau; however, the resulting secretion of proinflammatory cytokines only acts to accelerate neurodegeneration. Therapeutic antibodies can reduce the neurotoxic oligomeric form of Tau (o-Tau), but in doing so they also aggravate inflammation. Attenuating mutation of the antibody Fc region can silence inflammation but also eliminates its capacity to mediate o-Tau clearance by CNS myeloid cells. Thus, there …
Qki-Mediated Cholesterol Biosynthesis In Eye Lens And Myelin Of The Central Nervous System, Seula Shin, Seula Shin
Qki-Mediated Cholesterol Biosynthesis In Eye Lens And Myelin Of The Central Nervous System, Seula Shin, Seula Shin
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Cells obtain cholesterol in two ways, de novo biosynthesis and uptake from circulation. While most tissues utilize both sources, eye lens and brain depend extensively on cholesterol biosynthesis due to the limited supply from circulation. Lens cell membrane consists of highest portion of cholesterol. Brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ, which accounts for 23% of total cholesterol. Genetic mutations of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes in humans and animal models present cataracts and hypomyelinating disorders linked to neurological impairment. Yet, it remains unclear how gene expression of cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated in lens and brain. Therefore, studying cholesterol biosynthesis in both tissues …
Aging Lowers Pex5 Levels In Cortical Neurons In Male And Female Mouse Brains, Ndidi-Ese Uzor
Aging Lowers Pex5 Levels In Cortical Neurons In Male And Female Mouse Brains, Ndidi-Ese Uzor
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Peroxisomes are small organelles with critical functions: lipid synthesis, breakdown of reactive oxygen species by antioxidant enzymes, and amino acid degradation. In the brain, peroxisomal lipids make up the myelin sheath. Brain peroxisomal dysfunction leads to lipid disruption or neurological consequences if key peroxisomal proteins are absent. Still, it is unclear how peroxisomes are affected in neurodegenerative diseases and in normal brain aging. This work examines peroxisomal markers in three settings: 1) in a neuronal and 2) animal model of Huntington disease (HD), where mutant huntingtin (mHtt), the causative protein in Huntington disease pathogenesis is expressed, and 3) in the …
Cellular And Circuit Properties Of Slow Oscillations In The Thalamic Reticular Nucleus, John O'Malley
Cellular And Circuit Properties Of Slow Oscillations In The Thalamic Reticular Nucleus, John O'Malley
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
During sleep, neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) generate distinct types of oscillatory activity. While the reciprocal synaptic circuits between TRN and sensory thalamic nuclei underlie the generation of sleep spindles, the mechanisms regulating slow (<1 >Hz) forms of thalamic oscillations are poorly understood. Under in vitro conditions, in the absence of synaptic inputs, TRN neurons can generate slow oscillations in a cell-intrinsic manner. Activation of postsynaptic Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) leads to long-lasting plateau potentials thought to be mediated by both T-type calcium currents and calcium-activated nonselective cation currents (ICAN). However, the identity of …