Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Long-Term Effects Of Alcohol Consumption [Annotated Bibliography], Polly Cowan

Undergraduate Research Award

No abstract provided.

Research Brief: "Provider, Veteran, And Family Perspectives On Family Education In Veterans Affairs Community-Based Outpatient Facilities", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This research examines military family perspectives on community- based outpatient clinics (CBOC) and potential barriers to educational initiatives. Findings from this study indicate that although providers strongly support educating families about mental illness and PTSD, few providers are specifically trained to deliver this kind of education to families. Therefore policies should encourage providers to inform veterans and family members of CBOC family services. Further research in this field should include a more nationally representative and diverse sample of veterans.

Subsidized Housing, Public Housing, And Adolescent Violence And Substance Use, Tamara Leech

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

This study examines the separate relationships of public housing residents and subsidized housing residence to adolescent health risk behavior. Data included 2,530 adolescents aged 14 to 19 who were children of the National the Longitudinal Study of Youth. The author uses stratified propensity methods to compare the behaviors of each group—subsidized housing residents and public housing residents—to a matched control group of teens receiving no housing assistance. The results reveal no significant relationship between public housing residence and violence, heavy alcohol/marijuana use, or other drug use. However, subsidized housing residents have significantly lower rates of violence and hard drug use, …

Lines In The Sand: Social Representations Of Substance Use Boundaries In Life Narratives, K. F. Trocki, L. O. Michalak, Laurie A. Drabble

Faculty Publications

This study identifies social representations in interviews about alcohol and substance use in the discourse of 129 young adults, who were interviewed for 2.5 to 3.5 hr each for their life histories and use or nonuse of alcoholic beverages and drugs. Respondents spontaneously delineated their substance use boundaries, creating a continuum of behaviors with boundary points separating acceptable from unacceptable behaviors. They used signaling expressions to indicate go and stop signs and movement along the substance use continuum and reported negotiating substance use boundaries both internally and with peers. A ubiquitous narrative element was the cautionary tale, in which a …

Building A Strategic Framework For Comparative Effectiveness Research In Complementary And Integrative Medicine, Claudia M. Witt, Margaret Chesney, Richard Gliklich, Lawrence Green, George Lewith, Bryan Luce, Anne Mccaffrey, Shelly Rafferty Withers, Harold C. Sox, Sean Tunis, Brian M. Berman

Dartmouth Scholarship

The increasing burden of chronic diseases presents not only challenges to the knowledge and expertise of the professional medical community, but also highlights the need to improve the quality and relevance of clinical research in this domain. Many patients now turn to complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) to treat their chronic illnesses; however, there is very little evidence to guide their decision-making in usual care. The following research recommendations were derived from a CIM Stakeholder Symposium on Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER): (1) CER studies should be made a priority in this field; (2) stakeholders should be engaged at every stage …

Children And Adults With Long Term Services And Support Needs: Mainecare And Medicare Expenditures And Utilization, State Fiscal Year 2010, Stuart Bratesman Mpp, Julie T. Fralich Mba, Tina Gressani, Eileen Griffin Jd

Disability & Aging

This report is one of a series of reports prepared by the USM Muskie School on MaineCare members who are dually eligible for MaineCare and Medicare Services. An earlier report provided a high level overview of the MaineCare and Medicare use and expenditure patterns for all members who were dually eligible in state fiscal years (SFY) 2008 to 2010. Both reports were prepared as part of the Maine State Profile Tool grant funded by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. This second report analyzes the characteristics, use and expenditure patterns of sub-populations of long term service users including adults …

Prevention Of Postpartum Depression Related To Mode Of Birth Delivery, Ashley Palumbo, Andrea Vanmeter

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Postpartum depression (PPD) is moderate to severe depression in women after birth. It may occur up to one year after birth, most often in first three months, and affects 10-20% of mothers. Our purpose for reviewing the literature is to identify a potential link between PPD and mode of delivery and to inform the postpartum woman of any increased risk she may have to the development of postpartum depression.

The Effectiveness Of Music Therapy In The Pediatric Population, Megan Brewer, Jaclyn Lewis

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Music therapy (MT) is defined as, “the systematic use of music or musical elements-along with the resulting interpersonal relationship with a trained music therapist to achieve optimal health outcomes…” (The Effectiveness, 2010). Nurses are able to implement music therapy in care. Decreasing fear, anxiety, and ultimately pain will enhance the patient’s experience at the hospital and will lessen the burden of performing care on the patient, decrease stress on caregivers, and ease the provision of care on health professionals.

Using A Healing Wheel In The Healing Journey, Rebecca Tadlock-Marlo

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Mindfulness can be most comprehensively defined as a multifaceted, present-moment awareness intervention that capitalizes on self-perceptions (Gehart & McCollum, 2007; Nanda, 2009). Native American practices can be easily translated into counseling mindfulness techniques to aide in the healing journey of multicultural clients (Burks & Robbins, 2011; Durtschi,Rybak & Decker-Fitts, 2009; Garrett et al., 2011; Turner & Pope, 2009). A Medicine Wheel, or Sacred Hoop, is just one of the many ways to help individuals heal through mindfulness practices. Through the use of creating and discussing a healing wheel with clients, counselors can promote a context for understanding, respecting, and valuing …

Using A Healing Wheel In The Healing Journey, Rebecca L. Tadlock-Marlo

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Mindfulness can be most comprehensively defined as a multifaceted, present-moment awareness intervention that capitalizes on self-perceptions (Gehart & McCollum, 2007; Nanda, 2009). Native American practices can be easily translated into counseling mindfulness techniques to aide in the healing journey of multicultural clients (Burks & Robbins, 2011; Durtschi,Rybak & Decker-Fitts, 2009; Garrett et al., 2011; Turner & Pope, 2009). A Medicine Wheel, or Sacred Hoop, is just one of the many ways to help individuals heal through mindfulness practices. Through the use of creating and discussing a healing wheel with clients, counselors can promote a context for understanding, respecting, and valuing …

Htlv-1 And -2 Infections Among 10 Indigenous Groups In The Peruvian Amazon, Isaac E. Alva, E. Roberto Orellana, Magaly M. Blas, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Armando Cotrina, Marina Chiappe, Tadeusz J. Kochel, Cesar P. Cárcamo, Patricia J. García, Joseph R. Zunt, Anne L. Buffardi, Silvia M. Montano

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Infections with HTLV-1 and -2 were detected in 12 (1.9%) and 6 (0.9%) indigenous individuals living in 27 Amazonian villages in Peru. All infections occurred in Shipibo-Konibo people. HTLV was more common among participants living in villages distant from larger port cities and women with non-monogamous sexual partners.

Sleep Disturbances In Mental Health Care: A Review Of Literature On Nursing Interventions, Sarah Jungbauer, Kara Taylor

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Sleep is essential in the repair and renewal of cells and tissues. It allows the body to recover from the wear and tear of life’s daily activities, slows metabolism, decreases heart workload, relaxes body muscles, and preserves energy. Sleep deprivation caused by psychological disorder can cause anxiety, euphoria, irritability, and memory impairment. Insomnia is associated with depression, anxiety disorders, deficient work performance, drug abuse, and reduction in productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine what nursing interventions are available to improve the sleep quality of mental health care patients.

An Integrative Review Of Out-Patient Teaching For Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Elizabeth Hicks, Melissa Hogan, Kendra Parker

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is most prevalent in children. Symptoms include inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, and lack of attention. 3-9% of children suffer from the symptoms of ADHD. Treatments of ADHD vary: pharmacological therapy includes stimulants and non-stimulants, whereas non-pharmacological treatments include restriction diet, nutrient supplements, and psychosocial interventions. Psycho-stimulant treatment is not beneficial for 20-30% of children with ADHD. The purpose of this study is to determine if diet/nutrition and parent training treatments are effective in managing the symptoms of children with ADHD.

Breastfeeding Among Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome And Mothers Addicted To Narcotics, Landon Bundenthal

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

50,000 infants born in the U.S yearly receive medical treatment for maternal drug use while pregnant. Breastfeeding is associated with decreased maternal use of drugs or alcohol. Breast milk lessens side effects of drug withdrawal for infant. Breastfeeding is associated with decreased cases of necrotizing enter colitis and a significant decrease in hospitalization time. Drug dependent mothers have very low rate of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study is to determine if mothers who are using opioids or methadone should be encouraged to breastfeed.

Racism And Illicit Drug Use Among African American Women: The Protective Effects Of Ethnic Identity, Affirmation, And Behavior, Danelle Stevens-Watkins, Brea Perry, Kathi L. Harp, Carrie B. Oser

Sociology Faculty Publications

Though recent evidence indicates that rates of illicit drug use among African American women are now higher than the national average, little is known about the etiology of substance use in this population. In addition, the effects of racism and other cultural factors are understudied and may be unique amongst African American women. This cross-sectional study explores risk and protective factors for drug use among 204 African American women. More specifically, associations between racism experiences and drug use are investigated in the context of potential moderating influences (i.e., psychosocial resources, social safety net variables, and cultural identity and practices). Findings …

Methods Of Screening To Detect Postpartum Depression, Anna Elliot, Shelby Young

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Postpartum depression is a mood altering condition that affects 10-20% of women after childbirth. Symptoms include an inability to perform activities of daily living, feelings of inadequacy/worthlessness, a discouraged outlook on life, altered sleeping pattern, overall worried feelings, and exhaustion. Screening is better than normal routine care in detecting postpartum depression, but only a small percentage of women are receiving screening. The focus of this study is to find the better evidence-based screening practice for nurses to detect postpartum depression: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) or the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS).

The Therapeutical Benefits Of Using Music Therapy Rather Than Cognitive Therapy In Depressed Older Adults In A Healthcare Setting, Brittnie Jarrett, Elizabeth Hansel

Pharmacy and Nursing Student Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Poster Session

Limited research has been conducted concerning the effects of music therapy in depressed individuals with dementia. Music therapy is a simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive treatment in relation to pharmaceutical interventions and possibly even some forms of cognitive therapies. Depression, a disabling disease that can cause a reduction in quality of life and loss of general functioning, affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans aged 65 years or older. 74% of older adults remain depressed one year after general treatment with pharmaceutical agents.

Reintegration Of Child Soldiers In Burundi: A Tracer Study, Mark J.D. Jordans, Ivan H. Komproe, Wietse A. Tol, Aline Ndayisaba, Theodora Nisabwe, Brandon A. Kohrt

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Substantial attention and resources are aimed at the reintegration of child soldiers, yet rigorous evaluations are rare.

Methods

This tracer study was conducted among former child soldiers (N=452) and never-recruited peers (N=191) who participated in an economic support program in Burundi. Socio-economic outcome indicators were measured retrospectively for the period before receiving support (T1; 2005–06); immediately afterwards (T2; 2006–07); and at present (T3; 2010). Participants also rated present functional impairment and mental health indicators.

Results

Participants reported improvement on all indicators, especially economic opportunity and social integration. At present no difference existed between both groups on any of the …

Lessons From The Trenches: Meeting Evaluation Challenges In School Health Education, Michael Young, George Denny, Joseph Donnelly

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

BACKGROUND: Those involved in school health education programs generally believe that health education programs can play an important role in helping young people make positive health decisions. Thus, it is to document the effects of such programs through rigorous evaluations published in peer‐reviewed journals.

METHODS: This paper helps the reader understand the context of school health program evaluation, examines several problems and challenges, shows how problems can often be fixed, or prevented, and demonstrates ways in which challenges can be met. A number of topics are addressed, including distinguishing between curricula evaluation and evaluation of outcomes, types of evaluation, identifying …

Research Brief: "Impact Of The Seeking Safety Program On Clinical Outcomes Among Homeless Female Veterans With Psychiatric Disorders", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This brief is about the effect of the Seeking Safety program's services on improvement in PTSD, psychiatric symptoms, and social support among homeless female veterans. In policy and practice, clinicians should be trained on how to use the program to better serve homeless female veterans, and policymakers should push for clinician training for those who work with homeless veterans. Suggestions for future research include applying this study and the Seeking Safety program to non-VA healthcare systems, assessing substance use within the program, and assessing the long-term effects of the Seeking Safety program.

Family Aided Community Treatment As An Intervention For The Treatment Of Early Psychosis: A Proof Of Concept Study, Ryan P. Melton

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

Major psychotic disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, having severe impacts on the people who suffer from the conditions, their families and society. There is evidence that if these conditions are identified and treated early, the prognosis is improved. The purpose of this study is to produce findings related to the use of year long trial of family aided community treatment (FACT) with individuals who are experiencing a first episode psychosis as defined by the SIPS. Using a proof of concept design with multiple repeated measure t tests, this study focused on first-episode psychotic disorder participants …

The 2002 Bali Bomb: Models Of Sustainable Philanthropy, Lauren Livingston

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Within the first few weeks in Bedulu, I read an ISP written in 1990 concerning mental health facilities in Bali. It was by far one of the most engaging and provocative ISPs I was introduced to; however, giving today’s security precautions and my lack of background in psychology, I easily dismissed it as a possible project. Yet, as ISP time lurched closer, I still had not found an idea that equally excited me. I talked with Bu Ari, and she encouraged me to talk to Ibu Luh Ketut Suryani, the leading psychologist in Indonesia and founder of the Suryani Institute …

Living With Autism In Vietnam, Libie Motchan

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This paper examines the many implications of living with Autism in Vietnam on both affected children and their families. The lack of information, statistics and awareness of autism in Vietnam is reflected in the limited treatment resources available. This study calls attention upon what problems parents are most affected by what they feel needs to change. It also looks at the current sentiment and understanding of autism and its perceived causes. The results of this paper come from background research, observation at clinics and special education facilities, interviews with professionals in the fields of psychology and education, interviews with parents …

Treating The Spirit: An Ethnographic Portrait Of Senegalese Animist Mental Health Practices And Practitioners In Dakar And The Surrounding Area, Caitlin Mckinley

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Animist beliefs and practices are deeply ingrained in Senegalese society, even in the metropolitan area of Dakar and have prevailed in Senegal despite the many influences of Islam and colonization. Animist mental health practices are especially interesting because of the influx of Western mental health practices in the wake of modernization. Merging traditional and Western mental health practices challenges the completely different worldviews from which each school of thought stems. For those seeking treatment, this duality makes it tricky to receive the help that they need. The purpose of this study is to explore animist Senegalese mental health treatments, traditional …

Art As A Cure: Analyzing Healthcare Treatment For The Mentally Ill Through The Lens Of Art Therapy Programs In Dakar, Senegal, Sofia Porter-Castro

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Mental illness is a malady that affects roughly 2.3 million people in Senegal ("Statistics by Country” 2012), but the wide and sometimes opposing range of healing practices suggests that the attitudes surrounding mental illness are still largely contested. This is especially true in Senegal’s capital, where advances in medicine in big city hospitals are growing while ties to traditional beliefs and practices remain strong. Alternative therapies, such as art therapy, provide an opportunity for practitioners to explore different techniques for treating the mentally ill while still integrating elements of the local culture. It is precisely this integration that this paper …

Storytelling And Healing: The Influence Of Narrative On Identity Construction Among Hiv Positive Individuals In Kisumu, Kenya, Kimberly Leon

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The principle objective of this Independent Study Project is to investigate the influence of storytelling as a counseling method on conceptions of HIV among HIV positive individuals in the city of Kisumu. Interviews with counselors, community health workers, and HIV support group members were used to determine the role of storytelling in the counseling process. Stories and life experiences were gathered and analyzed in order to extract themes and draw a relationship between the act of storytelling and a person’s perception of their HIV status. Data was collected at various support groups in the Kisumu area and through the help …

The Perceptions, Problems, And Possibilities Of Cameroonians With Mental Disabilities: A Case Study Of Le Centre National De Réhabilitation Des Personnes Handicapées De Yaoundé, Lauren Miller

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

For my study, I focused on the state of persons with mental disabilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon, a discriminated and marginalized population. I completed an internship at Le Centre National de Réhabilitation des Personnes Handicapées in the special education school as a case study. There, through participant observation, simple observation and interviews as well as outside research, I gathered information regarding my research questions and hypothesis:

1. Who is responsible for the majority of persons with mental disabilities?
2. What are the affects of perceptions of persons with mental disabilities?
3. What are some possibilities for a better life and through what means?

Hypothesis: …

Using Photovoice In Pete Programs To Initiate Positive Change, Gavin T. Colquitt, Jody Langdon, Tony A. Pritchard, Starla Mccollum

Community Health Faculty Presentations

The purpose of this presentation will be to provide teacher educators with an overview of the Photovoice methodology and its potential utility in curricular change. The National Association for Sport and Physical Education’s ([NASPE], 2008) PETE standards state educators should allow diversity to drive instructional related decision-making. Photovoice, a participatory action research methodology, is a tool teacher educators can use to be responsive to the continuously changing contexts of public schools.

Situation Analysis Of Child Labour In Karachi, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study, Asaad Ahmed Nafees, Kausar S. Khan, Zafar Fatmi, Mubashir Aslam

Community Health Sciences

In Karachi, large employment opportunities, burgeoning population and the availability of cheap labour might be the contributing factors for the increasing prevalence of child labour. A literature review was conducted in 2007 that included published and unpublished literature since 2000. Various organizations working in the field were also covered, while the perception of the child labourers was covered through three focus group discussions. Common health issues among the child labourers in Karachi included respiratory illnesses, fever and generalised pains, as well as drug and sexual abuse. Organisations working for child labour could be broadly categorised into those working for legal …

Inferno In The Land Of Snows: A Holistic Investigation Of Tibetan Self-Immolation Through A Tibetan Perspective, Eric Regalbuto

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

According to the ICT (International Campaign for Tibet) at least 90 Tibetan monks, nuns, and non-monastic Tibetans have committed self immolation since 2009, 73 (81%) of which have been proclaimed as deceased due to inflictions experienced as a result of the demonstrations; this only exists as the current statistic at the time the proceeding investigation was conducted. Though this number may initially seem somewhat small, it in fact shows a significant build-on to this trend over recent years. To many this practice comes across as quite striking, if not completely incomprehensible; to most the first method of protesting religious oppression …