Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Measurement Of Cumulative High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein And Monocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio In The Risk Prediction Of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study, Dan Wu, Genyuan Chen, Yulong Lan, Shuohua Chen, Xiong Ding, Chiju Wei, Lois Balmer, Wei Wang, Shouling Wu, Wencan Xu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Converging data have suggested that monocytic inflammation and C-reactive protein (CRP) are biologically intertwined processes and are involved in diabetogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammation assessed by joint cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CumCRP) and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their predictive value for T2D in a general population. Methods: A total of 40,813 nondiabetic participants from a prospective real-life cohort (Kailuan Study, China) were followed biennially from 2010/2011 until December 31, 2020. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of …

Preventing Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Through Preoperative Exercise, John Andre Socci

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common problem in the elderly population after undergoing anesthesia that results in sometimes irreversible cognitive and physical impairment that can increase mortality and decrease quality of life.

Methods: To see the relationship between preoperative fitness capacity and how this relates to postoperative cognitive ability a literature review was performed. Studies that were included involved populations older than sixty years old that had undergone anesthesia. Additionally, animal studies were included to show inflammatory marker levels and how they increased in relation to physical activity.

Results: Various fitness scales were used such as the Timed …

The Role Of Inflammation In Diabetic Retinopathy In Patients With Type Ii Diabetes; Potential Therapeutic Perspectives, Adriana Georgescu, Ana Dascalu, Daniela Stana, Cristina Alexandrescu, Anca Bobirca, Bogdan Mihai Cristea, Geta Vancea, Crenguta Sorina Serboiu, Dragos Serban, Corneliu Tudor, Andreea Letitia Arsene, Laura Carina Tribus

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of visual impairment and blindness in adult population. The pathology is complex, the metabolic changes induced by the hyperglycemic environment leading to neurodegeneration, microvascular damage, with secondary ischemic and inflammatory changes in the retina. This review aims to update the literature data related to the role of inflammation in the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Thus, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms triggered by excess glucose increase the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes, which leads to the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines such as Il1, Il6, TNF alpha as well as …

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction In Childhood: An Emerging Pathological Entity And Its Clinical Implications, Takeshi Tsuda, Gina Patel

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) encompasses a spectrum of structural and functional alterations in coronary microvasculature resulting in impaired coronary blood flow and consequent myocardial ischemia without obstruction in epicardial coronary artery. The pathogenesis of CMD is complex involving both functional and structural alteration in the coronary microcirculation. In adults, CMD is predominantly discussed in context with anginal chest pain or existing ischemic heart disease and its risk factors. The presence of CMD suggests increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events independent of coronary atherosclerosis. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is also known in children but is rarely recognized due to paucity of concommitent …

Role Of Mechanoregulation In Mast Cell-Mediated Immune Inflammation Of The Smooth Muscle In The Pathophysiology Of Esophageal Motility Disorders, Raj Goyal, Satish Rattan

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

Major esophageal disorders involve obstructive transport of bolus to the stomach, causing symptoms of dysphagia and impaired clearing of the refluxed gastric contents. These may occur due to mechanical constriction of the esophageal lumen or loss of relaxation associated with deglutitive inhibition, as in achalasia-like disorders. Recently, immune inflammation has been identified as an important cause of esophageal strictures and the loss of inhibitory neurotransmission. These disorders are also associated with smooth muscle hypertrophy and hypercontractility, whose cause is unknown. This review investigated immune inflammation in the causation of smooth muscle changes in obstructive esophageal bolus transport. Findings suggest that …

Large-Scale Phenotyping Of Patients With Long Covid Post-Hospitalization Reveals Mechanistic Subtypes Of Disease, Felicity Liew, Claudia Efstathiou, Sara Fontanella, Matthew Richardson, Ruth Saunders, Dawid Swieboda, Jasmin K Sidhu, Stephanie Ascough, Shona C Moore, Noura Mohamed, Jose Nunag, Clara King, Olivia C Leavy, Omer Elneima, Hamish J C Mcauley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Victoria C Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J Greening, Nazir I Lone, Matthew Thorpe, A A Roger Thompson, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Annemarie B Docherty, James D Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alexander Horsley, Betty Raman, Krisnah Poinasamy, Michael Marks, Onn Min Kon, Luke S Howard, Daniel G Wootton, Jennifer K Quint, Thushan I De Silva, Antonia Ho, Christopher Chiu, Ewen M Harrison, William Greenhalf, J Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G Semple, Lance Turtle, Rachael A Evans, Louise V Wain, Christopher Brightling, Ryan S Thwaites, Peter J M Openshaw, Phosp-Covid Collaborative Group, Isaric Investigators

Journal Articles

One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood1. Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom and 233 had fully recovered. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID. IL-1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue and anxiety/depression; MATN2, CSF3 and C1QA were elevated in gastrointestinal symptoms and C1QA was elevated in cognitive impairment. Additional markers …

Nf-Κb As An Inducible Regulator Of Inflammation In The Central Nervous System, Sudha Anilkumar, Elizabeth Wright-Jin

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB activates NF-κB, mediating its translocation into the nucleus to act as a nuclear transcription factor in the upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Stimuli that initiate NF-κB activation are diverse but are canonically attributed to proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Downstream effects of NF-κB are cell type-specific and, in the majority of cases, result in the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Acting as …

Amniotic Bladder Therapy In Patients With Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome, Jack Considine, Codrut Radoiu, Sophie Wittenberg, Nivedita Dhar Md, Raghav Madan Md, Jack Vernocke Md, Aron Liaw Md, Alaa Hamada Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction and Objectives: Our study hypothesis postulates that if patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) bladders exhibit increased inflammation, fibrosis, and urothelial dysfunction, then treatment modalities that modulate inflammation and fibrosis, while promoting a regeneration may have a therapeutic effect in such patients. Amniotic membrane (AM) has been shown to foster a regenerative wound-healing environment. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of bladder injections of AM in patients with treatment resistant IC/BPS.

Methods: Fifteen consecutive treatment resistant IC/BPS patients (mean age 50.7 ± 14.4 years) with a median disease duration of 7 years (5-12 years) were …

Chronic Glp1 Therapy Reduces Postprandial Il6 In Obese Humans With Prediabetes, Vala Hamidi, Hongyu Wang, Vi Pham, Karla Bermudez Saint Andre, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Absalon D Gutierrez

Journal Articles

Single-dose glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) therapy increases postprandial plasma IL6 levels in prediabetic, obese humans. GLP1-IL6 interactions underly multiple antidiabetic effects, but these may differ after acute versus chronic therapy. This study examines postprandial effects of GLP1 after chronic therapy. Seven humans (six Black) with prediabetes and obesity completed 6 weeks of exenatide extended release therapy. Then subjects returned for pre- and post-meal measurements of plasma IL6, GLP1, glucagon, and related inflammatory markers. Weight, which was measured before and after therapy, did not change. Plasma IL6 decreased from baseline to postmeal state ( = 0.016), with decreases in free fatty …

Chronic Glp1 Therapy Reduces Postprandial Il6 In Obese Humans With Prediabetes, Vala Hamidi, Hongyu Wang, Vi Pham, Karla Bermudez Saint Andre, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Absalon D Gutierrez

Journal Articles

Single-dose glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) therapy increases postprandial plasma IL6 levels in prediabetic, obese humans. GLP1-IL6 interactions underly multiple antidiabetic effects, but these may differ after acute versus chronic therapy. This study examines postprandial effects of GLP1 after chronic therapy. Seven humans (six Black) with prediabetes and obesity completed 6 weeks of exenatide extended release therapy. Then subjects returned for pre- and post-meal measurements of plasma IL6, GLP1, glucagon, and related inflammatory markers. Weight, which was measured before and after therapy, did not change. Plasma IL6 decreased from baseline to postmeal state ( = 0.016), with decreases in free fatty …

A New Perspective On Intervertebral Disc Calcification-From Bench To Bedside, Emanuel Novais, Rajkishen Narayanan, Jose Canseco, Koen Van De Wetering, Christopher Kepler, Alan Hilibrand, Alex Vaccaro, Makarand Risbud

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis, ectopic calcification, herniation, or mixed phenotypes. Amongst these phenotypes, disc calcification is the least studied. Ectopic calcification, by definition, is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues, widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature, skin, and cartilage. Clinically, disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative treatment. It is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular …

Molecular Mechanisms In Pathophysiology Of Mucopolysaccharidosis And Prospects For Innovative Therapy, Yasuhiko Ago, Estera Rintz, Krishna Sai Musini, Zhengyu Ma, Shunji Tomatsu

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inborn errors of the metabolism caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzymes required to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These GAGs accumulate over time in various tissues and disrupt multiple biological systems, including catabolism of other substances, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. These pathological changes ultimately increase oxidative stress and activate innate immunity and inflammation. We have described the pathophysiology of MPS and activated inflammation in this paper, starting with accumulating the primary storage materials, GAGs. At the initial stage of GAG accumulation, affected tissues/cells are reversibly affected but progress irreversibly to: (1) …

Bioactive Metabolites Of Omega-6 And Omega-3 Fatty Acids Are Associated With Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations In Maternal And Infant Plasma At The Time Of Delivery, Rebecca Slotkowski, Matthew Van Ormer, Anum Akbar, Taija Hahka, Maranda Thompson, Rebekah Rapoza, Arzu Ulu, Melissa Thoene, Elizabeth Lyden, Maheswari Mukherjee, Ana G. Yuil-Valdes, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Tara Nordgren, Corrine K. Hanson, Ann Anderson-Berry

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Background & aims

Inflammation is necessary for a healthy pregnancy. However, unregulated or excessive inflammation during pregnancy is associated with severe maternal and infant morbidities, such as pre-eclampsia, abnormal infant neurodevelopment, or preterm birth. Inflammation is regulated in part by the bioactive metabolites of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs). N-6 FAs have been shown to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine environments in adults, while n-3 FAs have been shown to contribute to the resolution of inflammation; however, how these metabolites affect maternal and infant inflammation is still uncertain. The objective of this study was to predict the influence of …

Hypoxia-Adenosine Axis As Therapeutic Targets For Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Katherine Figarella, Jieun Kim, Wei Ruan, Tingting Mills, Holger Klaus Eltzschig, Xiaoyi Yuan

Journal Articles

The human respiratory and circulatory systems collaborate intricately to ensure oxygen delivery to all cells, which is vital for ATP production and maintaining physiological functions and structures. During limited oxygen availability, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized and play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular processes for hypoxia adaptation. First discovered during investigations of erythropoietin production regulation, HIFs influence physiological and pathological processes, including development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. HIFs promote extracellular adenosine signaling by enhancing adenosine generation and receptor signaling, representing an endogenous feedback mechanism that curbs excessive inflammation, supports injury resolution, and enhances hypoxia tolerance. This is especially …

Heterogeneity In Intrahepatic Macrophage Populations And Druggable Target Expression In Patients With Steatotic Liver Disease-Related Fibrosis, Omar A Saldarriaga, Timothy G Wanninger, Esteban Arroyave, Joseph Gosnell, Santhoshi Krishnan, Morgan Oneka, Daniel Bao, Daniel E Millian, Michael L Kueht, Akshata Moghe, Jingjing Jiao, Jessica I Sanchez, Heidi Spratt, Laura Beretta, Arvind Rao, Jared K Burks, Heather L Stevenson

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Clinical trials for reducing fibrosis in steatotic liver disease (SLD) have targeted macrophages with variable results. We evaluated intrahepatic macrophages in patients with SLD to determine if activity scores or fibrosis stages influenced phenotypes and expression of druggable targets, such as CCR2 and galectin-3.

METHODS: Liver biopsies from controls or patients with minimal or advanced fibrosis were subject to gene expression analysis using nCounter to determine differences in macrophage-related genes (n = 30). To investigate variability among individual patients, we compared additional biopsies by staining them with multiplex antibody panels (CD68/CD14/CD16/CD163/Mac387 or CD163/CCR2/galectin-3/Mac387) followed by spectral imaging …