Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Risk Factors For Poor Outcomes Among Patients With Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (Xdr-Tb): A Scoping Review, Karan Varshney, Beverly Anaele, Matthew Molaei, Rosemary Frasso, Vittorio Maio

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

In recent years, there has been an upsurge in cases of drug-resistant TB, and strains of TB resistant to all forms of treatment have begun to emerge; the highest level of resistance is classified as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). There is an urgent need to prevent poor outcomes (death/default/failed treatment) of XDR-TB, and knowing the risk factors can inform such efforts. The objective of this scoping review was to therefore identify risk factors for poor outcomes among XDR-TB patients. We searched three scientific databases, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, and identified 25 articles that examined relevant risk factors. Across the included …

Gout: Current Considerations, Alexandria Fappiano, Wilson Crone

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Gout is a treatable chronic inflammatory condition that can cause severe joint pain and disfigurement. Commonly, it affects the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint as a monoarticular process. It is typically caused by hyperuricemia and genetic mutations of the uricase gene. Gout is definitively diagnosed with the presence of negative birefringent needle-shaped crystals in the synovial fluid of the affected joint. Classically, seafood and alcohol are risk factors for developing gout. However, given current population trends, obesity is another major risk factor. While weight loss is the best conservative management, medications can also be used to manage gout. The treatment is …

Digital Health Technology In Asthma: A Comprehensive Scoping Review., Giselle Mosnaim, Guilherme Safioti, Randall Brown, Michael Depietro, Stanley J. Szefler, David M. Lang, Jay M. Portnoy, Don A. Bukstein, Leonard B. Bacharier, Rajan K. Merchant

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: A variety of digital intervention approaches have been investigated for asthma therapy during the past decade, with different levels of interactivity and personalization and a range of impacts on different outcome measurements.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of digital interventions in asthma with regard to acceptability and outcomes and evaluate the potential of digital initiatives for monitoring or treating patients with asthma.

METHODS: We evaluated digital interventions using a scoping review methodology through a literature search and review. Of 871 articles identified, 121 were evaluated to explore intervention characteristics, the perception and acceptability of digital interventions to patients and …

Timing Of Cgm Initiation In Pediatric Diabetes: The Cgm Time Trial., Margaret L Lawson, Kate C Verbeeten, Jennilea M Courtney, Brenda J Bradley, Karen Mcassey, Cheril Clarson, Susan Kirsch, Jacqueline R Curtis, Farid H Mahmud, Christine Richardson, Tammy Cooper, Jason Chan, Ken Tang

Paediatrics Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether timing of CGM initiation offering low glucose suspend (LGS) affects CGM adherence in children and youth starting insulin pump therapy.

METHODS: A 5-site RCT of pump-naïve subjects (aged 5-18 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) for at least 1 year compared simultaneous pump and CGM initiation offering LGS vs standard pump therapy with CGM initiation delayed for 6 months. Primary outcome was CGM adherence (hours per 28 days) (MiniMed™ Paradigm™ Veo™ system; CareLink Pro™ software) over 6 months after CGM initiation. Secondary outcome HbA1c was measured centrally. Linear mixed-models and ordinary least squares models were fitted …

The Promise Of Improved Adherence With Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy: What Are The Data?, Kimberly Scarsi, Susan Swindells

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

As with other chronic conditions, adherence to daily medications remains a challenge for many individuals living with HIV due to structural, behavioral, and social barriers. Unfortunately, high levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy are required to maintain virologic suppression. Alternative approaches are being explored to decrease the burden of daily pill administration, including long-acting injectable, oral, and implantable products. Phase 3 data support the efficacy of nanoformulated injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV treatment in patients with undetectable viremia, but we have yet to learn how this strategy may benefit those with medication adherence challenges. Despite this, the affected community …