Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Postenucleation Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Vincristine, Etoposide, And Carboplatin For The Treatment Of High-Risk Retinoblastoma., Swathi Kaliki, Carol L Shields, Sanket U Shah, Ralph C Eagle, Jerry A Shields, Ann Leahey

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

BACKGROUND: Analysis of 52 eyes with high-risk retinoblastoma managed with postenucleation adjuvant chemotherapy using vincristine sulfate, etoposide phosphate, and carboplatin showed no evidence of systemic metastasis in any case during a mean (range) follow-up of 66 (12-202) months.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of postenucleation adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin in the prevention of metastasis for patients with high-risk retinoblastoma.

METHODS: Retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series of 52 eyes in 51 patients with high-risk retinoblastoma consisting of tumor invasion into the anterior segment, posterior uvea 3 mm or greater, postlaminar optic nerve, or any combination of posterior uvea …

Burden Of Traumatic Spine Fractures In Tehran, Iran., Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mohammad R Rasouli, Alexander Vaccaro, Soheil Saadat, Mohammad R Zarei, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Rothman Institute Faculty Papers

UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) was designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to measure, compare, and analyze the burden of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the assessment of burden of traumatic spinal fracture (TSF) in an Iranian community. We estimated burden of TSF includes both isolated (iTSF) and associated injuries related to traumatic spinal fractures (aTSF) in Tehran, the capital of Iran, for the year 2006-2007 using DALYs.

METHODS: Burden of TSF was estimated based on information provided by the national data on Iranian trauma, data from …

Executive Summary: The Management Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Infants And Children Older Than 3 Months Of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines By The Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society And The Infectious Diseases Society Of America., John S. Bradley, Carrie L. Byington, Samir S. Shah, Brian Alverson, Edward R. Carter, Christopher Harrison, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Sharon E. Mace, George H. Mccracken, Matthew R. Moore, Shawn D. St Peter, Jana A. Stockwell, Jack T. Swanson, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society And The Infectious Diseases Society Of America

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Evidenced-based guidelines for management of infants and children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were prepared by an expert panel comprising clinicians and investigators representing community pediatrics, public health, and the pediatric specialties of critical care, emergency medicine, hospital medicine, infectious diseases, pulmonology, and surgery. These guidelines are intended for use by primary care and subspecialty providers responsible for the management of otherwise healthy infants and children with CAP in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Site-of-care management, diagnosis, antimicrobial and adjunctive surgical therapy, and prevention are discussed. Areas that warrant future investigations are also highlighted.

Protection And Attachment Of Vibrio Cholerae Mediated By The Toxin-Coregulated Pilus In The Infant Mouse Model, Shelly J. Krebs, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Colonization of the human small intestine by Vibrio cholerae is an essential step in pathogenesis that requires the type IV toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP). To date, three functions of TCP have been characterized: it serves as the CTXΦ receptor, secretes the colonization factor TcpF, and functions in microcolony formation by mediating bacterium-bacterium interactions. Although type IV pili in other pathogenic bacteria have been characterized as playing a major role in attachment to epithelial cells, there are very few studies to suggest that TCP acts as an attachment factor. Taking this into consideration, we investigated the function of TCP in attachment to …

Surgical Management Of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect: Associations With Surgical Technique, Age, And Trisomy 21., Andrew M. Atz, John A. Hawkins, Minmin Lu, Meryl S. Cohen, Steven D. Colan, James Jaggers, Ronald V. Lacro, Brian W. Mccrindle, Renee Margossian, Ralph S. Mosca, Lynn A. Sleeper, L Luann Minich, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the contemporary results after repair of a complete atrioventricular septal defect and to determine the factors associated with suboptimal outcomes.

METHODS: The demographic, procedural, and outcome data were obtained within 1 and 6 months after repair of a complete atrioventricular septal defect in 120 children in a multicenter observational study from June 2004 to 2006.

RESULTS: The median age at surgery was 3.7 months (range, 9 days to 1.1 years). The type of surgical repair was a single patch (18%), double patch (72%), and a single atrial septal defect patch with primary ventricular septal defect …

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Genotype Influences Ventricular Remodeling In Infants With Single Ventricle., Seema Mital, Wendy K. Chung, Steven D. Colan, Lynn A. Sleeper, Cedric Manlhiot, Cammon B. Arrington, James F. Cnota, Eric M. Graham, Michael E. Mitchell, Elizabeth Goldmuntz, Jennifer S. Li, Jami C. Levine, Teresa M. Lee, Renee Margossian, Daphne T. Hsu, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: We investigated the effect of polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes on ventricular remodeling, growth, renal function, and response to enalapril in infants with single ventricle.

Methods and results: Single ventricle infants enrolled in a randomized trial of enalapril were genotyped for polymorphisms in 5 genes: angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, aldosterone synthase, and chymase. Alleles associated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system upregulation were classified as risk alleles. Ventricular mass, volume, somatic growth, renal function using estimated glomerular filtration rate, and response to enalapril were compared between patients with ≥2 homozygous risk genotypes (high risk), and those …

Evaluation Of Kawasaki Disease Risk-Scoring Systems For Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance., Lynn A. Sleeper, L Luann Minich, Brian M. Mccrindle, Jennifer S. Li, Wilbert Mason, Steven D. Colan, Andrew M. Atz, Beth F. Printz, Annette Baker, Victoria L. Vetter, Jane W. Newburger, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: To assess the performance of 3 risk scores from Japan that were developed to predict, in children with Kawasaki disease, resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment.

STUDY DESIGN: We used data from a randomized trial of pulsed steroids for primary treatment of Kawasaki disease to assess operating characteristics of the 3 risk scores, and we examined whether steroid therapy lowers the risk of coronary artery abnormalities in patients prospectively classified as IVIG resistant.

RESULTS: For comparability with published cohorts, we analyzed the data of 99 patients who were not treated with steroids (16% IVIG-retreated) and identified male sex, lower …

Impact Of Vitamin A Supplementation On Infant And Childhood Mortality, Aamer Imdad, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Christopher Sudfeld, Batool A. Haider, Robert E. Black, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Introduction:Vitamin A is important for the integrity and regeneration of respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelia and is involved in regulating human immune function. It has been shown previously that vitamin A has a preventive effect on all-cause and disease specific mortality in children under five. The Purpose of this paper was to get a point estimate of efficacy of vitamin A supplementation in reducing cause specific mortality by using Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) guidelines.

Methods:

A literature search was done on PubMed, Cochrane Library and WHO regional data bases using various free and Mesh terms for vitamin A …

An Evaluation Of Hospital Breastfeeding Policies In The Philadelphia Metropolitan Area 1994-2009: A Comparison With The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Ten Steps., Andrea Crivelli-Kovach, Esther K Chung

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe current breastfeeding policies and practices among Philadelphia, PA metropolitan hospitals and changes in their policies and practices over time.

METHODS: In-person group interviews were conducted to obtain a composite picture of actual breastfeeding policies and practices. One questionnaire per hospital was completed based on responses from group consensus. Twenty-five hospitals providing maternity care were contacted. Information was obtained from personnel representing different areas of maternity services. Hospitals were classified according to the degree to which they were implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.

RESULTS: Mean breastfeeding rates at suburban hospitals …

Does Treatment Of Premature Labor With Terbutaline Increase The Risk Of Autism Spectrum Disorders?, Patricia Rodier, Richard K Miller, Robert L Brent

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Beta-adrenergic agents have been used in pregnant women for the treatment of premature labor and for the treatment of asthma. Concerns have been expressed that exposure to terbutaline, a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the offspring. This hypothesis deserves critical review, given the number of patients exposed to the drug in the last two decades. The results are important to both the obstetricians and patients who weigh the risks and benefits of interventions and to the pediatricians who counsel the families of affected children.

Chest Compressions And Epinephrine During Resuscitation Of Infants Born At The Border Of Viability: Yes, No Or Maybe?, Gregory P. Moore, Thierry Daboval, Kevin W. Coughlin

Paediatrics Publications

Neonatology, in large part due to its population of babies born at the edge of viability, is rife with bioethical issues. This unique population is at high risk of mortality and considerable neurodevelopmental morbidity. One contentious, ongoing debate concerns whether these extremely low birth weight infants born at the border of viability should, if required by the Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines, receive chest compressions and epinephrine as part of their delivery room resuscitation. The present article, through a case presentation and discussion based on the ethical framework of principlism, provides readers with a thoughtful approach to the controversial issue of …

Is Kangaroo Care Effective In Reducing Procedural Pain In Neonates?, Sara A. Deringer-Kohorst

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether Kangaroo Care is effective in reducing procedural pain in neonates.

Does Massage Therapy Promote Weight Gain In Preterm Infants?, Tyler Rychlewski

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not massage therapy promotes weight gain in preterm infants.

Minimal Vs Extensive Esophageal Mobilization During Laparoscopic Fundoplication: A Prospective Randomized Trial., Shawn D. St Peter, Douglas C. Barnhart, Daniel J. Ostlie, Kuojen Tsao, Charles M. Leys, Susan W. Sharp, Donna Bartle, Tracey Morgan, Carroll M. Harmon, Keith E. Georgeson, G W. Holcomb Iii

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication has been traditionally performed with extensive esophageal dissection to create 2 to 3 cm of intraabdominal esophagus. Retrospective data have suggested that minimal esophageal mobilization may reduce the risk of postoperative herniation of the wrap into the lower mediastinum. To compare complete esophageal dissection to leaving the phrenoesophageal attachment intact, we conducted a 2-center, prospective, randomized trial.

METHODS: After obtaining permission/assent, patients were randomized to circumferential division of the phrenoesophageal attachments (MAX) or minimal mobilization with no violation of the phrenoesophageal membrane (MIN). A contrast study was performed at 1 year. The primary outcome variable was …