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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring In Pediatric Patients: A Collaborative-Practice Model, Kashif Hussain, Rahila Ikram, Gul Ambreen, Muhammad Sohail Salat
Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring In Pediatric Patients: A Collaborative-Practice Model, Kashif Hussain, Rahila Ikram, Gul Ambreen, Muhammad Sohail Salat
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of Vancomycin (VCM) is required to prevent inappropriate dosage-associated bacterial resistance, therapeutic failure, and toxicities in pediatrics. Anecdotal experience and studies show that many healthcare institutions confront barriers while implementing TDM services, this study aimed to assess a pharmacist-directed VCM-TDM service for optimizing patient care in our institution.
Materials and methods: Patients aged 1 month-18 years who received intravenous VCM were included in this quasi-experimental study. The pre-implementation phase (March-June 2018) consisted of retrospective assessment of pediatric patients, the interventional phase (July 2018 to February 2020) included educational programs and the post-implementation phase (March-June 2020) …
Baseline Mmp Expression In Periapical Granuloma And Its Relationship With Periapical Wound Healing After Surgical Endodontic Treatment, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Muhammad Faraz Anwar, Khalid Ahmed, Marziya Aftab, Fizza Nazim, Muhammad Furqan Bari, Mohammed Mustafa, Fahim Vohra, Ali Alrahlah, Muhammad Nouman Mughal, Syed Hani Abidi
Baseline Mmp Expression In Periapical Granuloma And Its Relationship With Periapical Wound Healing After Surgical Endodontic Treatment, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Muhammad Faraz Anwar, Khalid Ahmed, Marziya Aftab, Fizza Nazim, Muhammad Furqan Bari, Mohammed Mustafa, Fahim Vohra, Ali Alrahlah, Muhammad Nouman Mughal, Syed Hani Abidi
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) catalyzes the degradation of the extracellular matrix components and have a major role in many physiological processes including wound healing. In the current study, we examined the correlation of baseline MMPs 1, 2, 7, and 9 expressions with periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment.
Methods: 27 patients aged between 15 and 57 years presenting with chronic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess of an anterior tooth with previously attempted or failed root canal treatment were included in this study. During surgical endodontic treatment, tissue from the periapical lesion sample was collected and used for gross …
Chronic Long-Covid Syndrome: A Protracted Covid-19 Illness With Neurological Dysfunctions, Abdul Mannan Baig
Chronic Long-Covid Syndrome: A Protracted Covid-19 Illness With Neurological Dysfunctions, Abdul Mannan Baig
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
After almost a year of COVID-19, the chronic long-COVID syndrome has been recognized as an entity in 2021. The patients with the long-COVID are presenting with ominous neurological deficits that with time are becoming persistent and are causing disabilities in the affected individuals. The mechanisms underlying the neurological syndrome in long-COVID have remained obscure and need to be actively researched to find a resolution for the patients with long-COVID. Here, the factors like site of viral load, the differential immune response, neurodegenerative changes, and inflammation as possible causative factors are debated to understand and investigate the pathogenesis of neuro-COVID in …
Editorial: Vitamin D Deficiency And Sufficiency In Reproduction And Bone Metabolism, Rehana Rehman, Faiza Alam, Mukhtiar Baig, Aysha Habib Khan, Naseer Ahmed
Editorial: Vitamin D Deficiency And Sufficiency In Reproduction And Bone Metabolism, Rehana Rehman, Faiza Alam, Mukhtiar Baig, Aysha Habib Khan, Naseer Ahmed
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
No abstract provided.
A Novel Missense Mutation In Tnni3k Causes Recessively Inherited Cardiac Conduction Disease In A Consanguineous Pakistani Family, Shafaq Ramzan, Stephanie Tennstedt Stephanie Tennstedt, Muhammad Tariq, Sheraz Khan, Hafiza Noor Ul Ayan, Aamir Ali, Matthias Munz, Holger Thiele, Asad Aslam Korejo, Shahid Mahmood Baig
A Novel Missense Mutation In Tnni3k Causes Recessively Inherited Cardiac Conduction Disease In A Consanguineous Pakistani Family, Shafaq Ramzan, Stephanie Tennstedt Stephanie Tennstedt, Muhammad Tariq, Sheraz Khan, Hafiza Noor Ul Ayan, Aamir Ali, Matthias Munz, Holger Thiele, Asad Aslam Korejo, Shahid Mahmood Baig
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Cardiac conduction disease (CCD), which causes altered electrical impulse propagation in the heart, is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. It exhibits genetic and clinical heterogeneity with diverse pathomechanisms, but in most cases, it disrupts the synchronous activity of impulse-generating nodes and impulse-conduction underlying the normal heartbeat. In this study, we investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family comprised of four patients with CCD. We applied whole exome sequencing (WES) and co-segregation analysis, which identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1531T>C;(p.Ser511Pro)) in the highly conserved kinase domain of the cardiac troponin I-interacting kinase (TNNI3K) encoding gene. The behaviors of …
Phylogenetic And Drug-Resistance Analysis Of Hiv-1 Sequences From An Extensive Paediatric Hiv-1 Outbreak In Larkana, Pakistan, Syed Hani Abidi, George Makau Nduva, Dilsha Siddiqui, Wardah Rafaqat, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Apsara Ali, Aneeta Hotwani, Rashida Abbas Ferrand, Fatima Mir
Phylogenetic And Drug-Resistance Analysis Of Hiv-1 Sequences From An Extensive Paediatric Hiv-1 Outbreak In Larkana, Pakistan, Syed Hani Abidi, George Makau Nduva, Dilsha Siddiqui, Wardah Rafaqat, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Apsara Ali, Aneeta Hotwani, Rashida Abbas Ferrand, Fatima Mir
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Introduction: In April 2019, an HIV-1 outbreak among children occurred in Larkana, Pakistan, affecting more than a thousand children. It was assumed that the outbreak originated from a single source, namely a doctor at a private health facility. In this study, we performed subtype distribution, phylogenetic and drug-resistance analysis of HIV-1 sequences from 2019 outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan.
Methods: A total of 401 blood samples were collected between April-June 2019, from children infected with HIV-1 aged 0-15 years recruited into a case-control study to investigate the risk factors for HIV-1 transmission. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were generated from 344 blood …
Biomarkers For Impending Risk Of Osteoporosis In Premenopausal Women, Rehana Rehman, Ali Usman, Aisha Sheikh, Rozeena Baig
Biomarkers For Impending Risk Of Osteoporosis In Premenopausal Women, Rehana Rehman, Ali Usman, Aisha Sheikh, Rozeena Baig
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To compare 'cytokines' and 'bone turnover markers' in pre- and post-menopausal women and identify their relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in both groups. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, from June 2017 to August 2019.
Methodology: Groups comprised of healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women from the general population belonging to different ethnic groups and socio-economic status. Serum cytokines and bone turnover markers were assessed by solid-phase immunoassays, BMD (gm /cm2)] measurement was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the hip, lumbar spine, …
Gut Integrity And Duodenal Enteropathogen Burden In Undernourished Children With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Zehra Jamil, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Romana Idress, Zubair Ahmad, Kamran Sadiq, Junaid Iqbal, Sana Syed, Aneeta Hotwani, Furqan Kabir, Kumail Ahmed, Sheraz Ahmed, Fayyaz Umrani, Fatima Aziz, Adil Kalam, Syed Asad Ali
Gut Integrity And Duodenal Enteropathogen Burden In Undernourished Children With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Zehra Jamil, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Romana Idress, Zubair Ahmad, Kamran Sadiq, Junaid Iqbal, Sana Syed, Aneeta Hotwani, Furqan Kabir, Kumail Ahmed, Sheraz Ahmed, Fayyaz Umrani, Fatima Aziz, Adil Kalam, Syed Asad Ali
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition of intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction and malabsorption associated with growth faltering in children living in poverty. This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting. In a longitudinal birth cohort, 51 controls (WHZ > 0, HAZ > -1.0) and 63 cases (WHZ< -2.0, refractory to nutritional intervention) were recruited. Anthropometry and morbidity were recorded on monthly bases up to 24 months of age. Dual sugar assay of urine collected after oral administration of lactulose and rhamnose was assessed in 96 children from both the groups. Duodenal histopathology (n = 63) and enteropathogen analysis of aspirate via Taqman array card (n = 60) was assessed in only cases. Giardia was the most frequent pathogen and was associated with raised L:R ratio (p = 0.068). Gastric microscopy was more sensitive than duodenal aspirate in H. pylori detection. Microscopically confirmed H. pylori negatively correlated with HAZ at 24 months (r = -0.313, p = 0.013). Regarding histopathological parameters, goblet cell reduction significantly correlated with decline in dual sugar excretion (p< 0.05). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in the median (25th, 75th percentile) of urinary concentrations (μg/ml) of lactulose [27.0 (11.50, 59.50) for cases vs. 38.0 (12.0, 61.0) for controls], rhamnose [66.0 (28.0, 178.0) vs. 86.5 (29.5, 190.5)] and L:R ratio [0.47 (0.24, 0.90) vs. 0.51 (0.31, 0.71)] respectively. In multivariable regression model, 31% of variability in HAZ at 24 months of age among cases and controls was explained by final model including dual sugars. In conclusion, enteropathogen burden is associated with altered histopathological features and intestinal permeability. In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology.
Online Assessment In Undergraduate Medical Education: Challenges And Solutions From A Lmic University, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Romana Idrees, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari, Sadaf Khan
Online Assessment In Undergraduate Medical Education: Challenges And Solutions From A Lmic University, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Romana Idrees, Kauser Jabeen, Saniya Sabzwari, Sadaf Khan
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background and objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused large-scale disruption in almost all educational programs across the world. Planning and rapid implementation of assessment through an online format presents the next set of novel challenges that must be addressed by academic administrations across the globe.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March to August 2020 at the Aga Khan University Medical College. Two hundred medical students of year 1 and 2 participated in the study. We describe the planning, processes, and outcomes of online assessments using video communication platforms conducted at a private university in Pakistan. Standardized protocols were …
Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Sirt1, Reproductive And Metabolic Functions, Faiza Alam, Hareem Syed, Sofia Amjad, Mukhtiar Baig, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Rehana Rehman
Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Sirt1, Reproductive And Metabolic Functions, Faiza Alam, Hareem Syed, Sofia Amjad, Mukhtiar Baig, Taseer Ahmed Khan, Rehana Rehman
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Silent information Regulators (SIRT1) gene stimulates antioxidants' expression, repairs cells damaged by oxidative stress (OS), and prevents the cells' dysfunction. In particular, the role of different Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 in reproduction, has been widely studied over the past decade. Decreased SIRT 1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage in both male and female gametes (Sperms and Oocytes), leading to infertility. In the female reproductive system, SIRT1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis in granulosa cells (GCs), and its down-regulation is associated with a reduced ovarian reserve. SIRT1 also modulates the stress response to OS …
Meropenem-Induced Pancytopenia In A Preterm Neonate: A Case Report, Kashif Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Naureen Mohammad, Ambreen Mughal, Sidra Idrees, Javaid Iqbal, Gul Ambreen
Meropenem-Induced Pancytopenia In A Preterm Neonate: A Case Report, Kashif Hussain, Muhammad Sohail Salat, Naureen Mohammad, Ambreen Mughal, Sidra Idrees, Javaid Iqbal, Gul Ambreen
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: A post-marketing surveillance study has reported an association between meropenem use and the incidence of hematologic abnormalities, including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and neutropenia, but the precise incidence in neonates is unknown. Here, we report meropenem-induced pancytopenia in a preterm neonate.
Case presentation: A preterm newborn Pakistani received intravenous meropenem 40 mg/kg every 8 hours to treat Klebsiella pneumoniae in blood cultures and suspected meningitis. The baby developed severe thrombocytopenia, with a platelet count of 22 × 103 cells/mm3, low hemoglobin level of 9.7 g/dl, and low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 816 cells/mm3 on days …
Pericardial Fluid Proteomic Label-Free Quantification Of Differentially Expressed Proteins In Ischemic Heart Disease Patients With Systolic Dysfunction By Nano-Lc-Esi-Ms/Ms Analysis, Junaid Ullah, Satwat Hashmi, Arslan Ali, Faisal Khan, Shahid Ahmed Sami, Nageeb Basir, Syedah Saira Bokhari, Hasanat Sharif, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Syed Ghulam Musharraf
Pericardial Fluid Proteomic Label-Free Quantification Of Differentially Expressed Proteins In Ischemic Heart Disease Patients With Systolic Dysfunction By Nano-Lc-Esi-Ms/Ms Analysis, Junaid Ullah, Satwat Hashmi, Arslan Ali, Faisal Khan, Shahid Ahmed Sami, Nageeb Basir, Syedah Saira Bokhari, Hasanat Sharif, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Syed Ghulam Musharraf
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is common in patients with pre-existing ischemic heart disease (IHD) and myocardial infarction. An untargeted proteomic approach is used to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with LVSD and to find out potential proteomic signatures in pericardial fluid. The pericardial fluid of IHD (n = 45) patients was grouped into two categories according to the left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF ≥45 (n = 33) and LVEF <45 (n = 12), and analyzed by using nano-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) technique. The nano-LC-MS/MS analysis resulted in the identification of 709 pericardial fluid (PF) proteins …