Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Fetal And Neonatal Exposure To Nicotine Augments Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis In Rat Offspring Long-Term, Noelle L. Ma

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

While nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is presumed to be a safer alternative to smoking in pregnancy, the long-term consequences in offspring are still largely unknown. Animal studies now suggest that maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation (MNE-PL) leads to a wide variety of adverse outcomes for the offspring, including increased adiposity. The focus of this study was to investigate how MNE-PL in rats may lead to liver dysfunction long-term in offspring through alterations in gene expression and epigenetic modifications. Postnatal day 180 (PND180) offspring exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and lactation (1mg/kg/day) exhibited increased circulating and hepatic triglycerides concomitant …

Linking Environmental Toxicant Exposure To Diabetes Susceptibility, Jannifer Beth Tyrrell

Wayne State University Dissertations

An important and unresolved question in the environmental health field is whether exposure to common environmental toxicants, such as dioxin and heavy metals like Pb, increase the risk of developing diabetes, especially in combination with other common metabolic stressors such as obesity.

Previous studies suggested that dioxin exposure increased peripheral insulin resistance but did not appear to cause fasting hyperglycemia or elevated hepatic glucose output. In concordance with those findings we observed that dioxin treatment caused a strong suppression of the expression of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase. However, this suppression was not solely mediated by the …

Is Laparoscopic Gastric Banding An Effective Treatment For Obesity In Adolescents And Adults As Measured By Physical Function?, Shawna Mccormick

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is laparoscopic gastric banding an effective treatment for obesity in adolescents and adults as measured by physical functioning?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of all English language primary studies from 2009, 2010, and 2011.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized control trials and one cohort study were found using PubMed, Medline, and OVID.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: There were multiple outcomes measured in the studies but the outcome of concern is quality of life post-operatively, specifically, physical functioning as measured by surveys including SF-36, Moorehead-Ardelt, BAROS, and CHQ CF-50. …

Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes And Associated Risk Factors, Grace Nyambura Kiraka

Theses & Dissertations

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients below the age of 40 (early onset diabetes) is markedly on the rise and has been linked increased prevalence of risk factors such as the metabolic syndrome and family history of diabetes.

Objective: To determine the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi (AKUHN) who have early onset type 2 diabetes and the association of age of onset with risk factors (family history of diabetes, obesity, waist circumference, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridaemia) in this group of patients.

Methods: This was a …