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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Identification And Management Of Impulse Control Disorders Among Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Andrew Johnson, H. Hyson, Kaitlyn Roland
Identification And Management Of Impulse Control Disorders Among Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Andrew Johnson, H. Hyson, Kaitlyn Roland
Andrew M. Johnson
Although Parkinson’s disease is primarily considered to be a motor disorder, it has inarguable effects on cognition and personality. The cluster of neuropsychiatric sequelae known as impulse-control disorders has been of particular interest in recent years, perhaps owing to the potentially disastrous effects that such behaviors can have on individuals and families. Research has suggested that impulse control disorders are significantly more prevalent among individuals with Parkinson’s disease, particularly with regards to pathological gambling and hypersexuality, and has further suggested that these disorders are significantly and substantively affected by the use of dopamine agonists. Treatment options for impulse control disorders …
Predictive Validity Of The Updrs Postural Stability Score And The Functional Reach Test, When Compared With Ecologically Valid Reaching Tasks, M. Jenkins, Andrew Johnson, J. Holmes, F. Stephenson, S. Spaulding
Predictive Validity Of The Updrs Postural Stability Score And The Functional Reach Test, When Compared With Ecologically Valid Reaching Tasks, M. Jenkins, Andrew Johnson, J. Holmes, F. Stephenson, S. Spaulding
Andrew M. Johnson
Balance problems and falls are a common concern among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Falls frequently occur during daily activities such as reaching into cupboards in the kitchen or bathroom. This study compared the correlation among two standard postural stability tests - the postural stability score on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) - and ecologically valid reaching tasks that correspond to reaching at different cupboard heights among 20 individuals with PD and 20 age-matched controls. Both the FRT and the UPDRS postural stability tests are quick measures that can be performed during …
Dual-Task Interference: The Effects Of Verbal Cognitive Tasks On Upright Postural Stability In Parkinson's Disease, J. Holmes, M. Jenkins, Andrew Johnson, S. Adams, S. Spaulding
Dual-Task Interference: The Effects Of Verbal Cognitive Tasks On Upright Postural Stability In Parkinson's Disease, J. Holmes, M. Jenkins, Andrew Johnson, S. Adams, S. Spaulding
Andrew M. Johnson
Although dual-task interference has previously been demonstrated to have a significant effect on postural control among individuals with Parkinson's disease, the impact of speech complexity on postural control has not been demonstrated using quantitative biomechanical measures. The postural stability of twelve participants with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and twelve healthy age-matched controls was evaluated under three conditions: (1) without a secondary task, (2) performing a rote repetition task and (3) generating a monologue. Results suggested a significant effect of cognitive load on biomechanical parameters of postural stability. Although both groups increased their postural excursion, individuals with Parkinson's disease demonstrated significantly reduced …
An Exploration Of The Burden Experienced By Spousal Caregivers Of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, Kaitlyn Roland, Mary Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
An Exploration Of The Burden Experienced By Spousal Caregivers Of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, Kaitlyn Roland, Mary Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
Andrew M. Johnson
Although previous research has attempted to identify the needs of caregivers for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), most has focused on the demands associated with the physical needs of the patient, and not on "mental burden." This study used the repertory grid method to capture the full range of caregivers' subjective experience, quantify their perceptions, and to acquire information that might be useful in directing remediation attempts. Within this sample, caregivers reported far greater burden from "mental stress" (e.g., worrying about individual's safety) than from "physical stress" (e.g., lifting individual into bed). Specifically, caregivers were primarily concerned about spousal safety, …
Plantar Cutaneous Sensory Stimulation Improves Single-Limb Support Time, And Emg Activation Patterns Among Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, M. Jenkins, Q. Almeida, S. Spaulding, R. Van Oostveen, J. Holmes, Andrew Johnson, S. Perry
Plantar Cutaneous Sensory Stimulation Improves Single-Limb Support Time, And Emg Activation Patterns Among Individuals With Parkinson's Disease, M. Jenkins, Q. Almeida, S. Spaulding, R. Van Oostveen, J. Holmes, Andrew Johnson, S. Perry
Andrew M. Johnson
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological disorder that results in gait and posture impairment. There is increasing evidence that these motor impairments may be partially due to deficits within the sensory system. In this study, the effects of a facilitatory insole that provides increased plantar sensory stimulation, was evaluated during gait, in a group of individuals with Parkinson's disease in comparison with healthy age-matched controls. Spatial-temporal parameters of gait were evaluated using an instrumented carpet, and muscle activation patterns were evaluated using surface EMG. All participants were tested with both a facilitatory (ribbed) insole and a conventional (flat) insole while …
Dual Task Performance In A Healthy Young Adult Population: Results From A Symmetric Manipulation Of Task Complexity And Articulation, Albert Armieri, Jeffrey Holmes, Sandi Spaulding, Mary Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
Dual Task Performance In A Healthy Young Adult Population: Results From A Symmetric Manipulation Of Task Complexity And Articulation, Albert Armieri, Jeffrey Holmes, Sandi Spaulding, Mary Jenkins, Andrew Johnson
Andrew M. Johnson
The ability to execute and maintain gait while performing simultaneous cognitive, verbal, or motor tasks ('dual-tasking') is beneficial in many ways. It is well-documented, however, that dual-tasking can result in cognitive or motoric interference that results in diminished gait performance, and impaired secondary task performance. When manipulating cognitive load, it is common to have participants respond verbally to stimuli. While this is an ecologically valid way to measure the effects of cognitive load on gait, it ignores the additional demands inherent in the verbal aspect of the task. In the present study, we manipulated complexity and articulation within a single …
The Impact Of Exercise Rehabilitation And Physical Activity On The Management Of Parkinson's Disease, Andrew Johnson, Q. Almeida
The Impact Of Exercise Rehabilitation And Physical Activity On The Management Of Parkinson's Disease, Andrew Johnson, Q. Almeida
Andrew M. Johnson
Although medication therapy is generally effective in the clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD), additional improvement of some gross motor symptoms may be achieved through the use of nonpharmacological treatments, such as physical therapy and exercise rehabilitation. Despite the fact that PD is a neurological disorder, successful rehabilitation has been demonstrated with treatments that combine cognitive and physical approaches. While the exact mechanism through which these therapies obtain successful outcomes is still largely unknown, it is worthwhile to explore these adjunctive approaches to treating the motor output symptoms of PD.
Non-Pharmacological Management Of Hypokinetic Dysarthria In Parkinson’S Disease, Andrew Johnson, S. Adams
Non-Pharmacological Management Of Hypokinetic Dysarthria In Parkinson’S Disease, Andrew Johnson, S. Adams
Andrew M. Johnson
No abstract provided.
Evaluating Clinical Rating Scales For Evidence-Based Dermatology: Some Basic Concepts, Madhulika Gupta, Andrew Johnson, Mary-Margaret Chren
Evaluating Clinical Rating Scales For Evidence-Based Dermatology: Some Basic Concepts, Madhulika Gupta, Andrew Johnson, Mary-Margaret Chren
Andrew M. Johnson
Evidence-based dermatology has necessitated the development of rating scales that measure multidimensional and abstract constructs, such as quality of life. This article discusses some basic psychometric concepts, such as reliability, validity, standardization, and measurement precision, which need to be considered when choosing a clinical rating instrument. Also discussed is the impact of these parameters on increasing the statistical power of a clinical trial.
Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity Is A Valid And Useful Construct For Studying Human Cognitive Abilities: A Reply To Saint-Amour Et Al, Andrew Johnson, T. Reed, Philip Vernon
Brain Nerve Conduction Velocity Is A Valid And Useful Construct For Studying Human Cognitive Abilities: A Reply To Saint-Amour Et Al, Andrew Johnson, T. Reed, Philip Vernon
Andrew M. Johnson
No abstract provided.
Visual Inspection Time In Parkinson's Disease: Deficits In Early Stages Of Cognitive Processing, Andrew Johnson, Quincy Almeida, Con Stough, James Thompson, Rene Singarayer, Mandar Jog
Visual Inspection Time In Parkinson's Disease: Deficits In Early Stages Of Cognitive Processing, Andrew Johnson, Quincy Almeida, Con Stough, James Thompson, Rene Singarayer, Mandar Jog
Andrew M. Johnson
Inspection time (IT) is a simple information processing paradigm dependent on a participant's ability to identify physical properties of a stimulus presented for a specified time interval. In contrast with reaction time (RT) studies, the dependent variable of interest in IT is not related to the motoric speed with which the individual is able to respond, but rather the minimum presentation time necessary for participants to reliably identify physical properties of the stimulus. It is well documented that individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience significant impairment on tests of simple RT, but it is unclear whether such deficits can be …
A Role Of The Basal Ganglia In Movement: The Effect Of Precues On Discrete Bi-Directional Movements In Parkinson's Disease, Andrew Johnson, Philip Vernon, Quincy Almeida, Linda Grantier, Mandar Jog
A Role Of The Basal Ganglia In Movement: The Effect Of Precues On Discrete Bi-Directional Movements In Parkinson's Disease, Andrew Johnson, Philip Vernon, Quincy Almeida, Linda Grantier, Mandar Jog
Andrew M. Johnson
The effect of a precue on improving movement initiation (i.e., reaction time; RT) is well understood, whereas its influence on movement execution (i.e., movement time; MT) has rarely been examined. The current study investigated the influence of a directional precue (i.e., left vs. right) on the RT and MT of simple and discrete bi-directional movements in a large sample of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy control participants. Both patients and controls were tested twice, with testing sessions separated by 2 hours. Patients were tested first following an overnight levodopa withdrawal and again after they had taken their medication. Both patients …
Sublingual Atropine For Sialorrhea Secondary To Parkinsonism: A Pilot Study, H. Hyson, Andrew Johnson, Mandar Jog
Sublingual Atropine For Sialorrhea Secondary To Parkinsonism: A Pilot Study, H. Hyson, Andrew Johnson, Mandar Jog
Andrew M. Johnson
Sialorrhea is a relatively common symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and related conditions for which most of the accepted treatments are either highly invasive or may cause substantial systemic side effects. This study describes an open-label pilot study of sublingual atropine drops for the treatment of sialorrhea in 7 patients (6 with Parkinson's disease, 1 with progressive supranuclear palsy). Participants demonstrated statistically significant declines in saliva production, both objectively and subjectively. Self-reported drooling severity showed a significant decline between baseline and 180 minutes, t(6) = 3.240 P < 0.025 (eta(2) = 0.636), and between baseline and 1 week, t(6) = 4.583 …
Age And Neuropsychological Status Following Exposure To Violent Nonimpact Acceleration Forces In Mvas, James Sweeney, Andrew Johnson
Age And Neuropsychological Status Following Exposure To Violent Nonimpact Acceleration Forces In Mvas, James Sweeney, Andrew Johnson
Andrew M. Johnson
Performance on the Halstead-ReitanNeuropsychological Test Battery (HRB) was analyzed for 33 ind viduals, aged 20 to 69, who had been subjected to violent aceeleration forces in motor vehicle accidents . Age was considered as a continuous variable and correlated with single and compos ite HRB measures. With the one exception of the Left Neuropsychological Deficit Scale (NDS) score, agere lated de cline was consistently demonstrated by com positeHRB scores (i.e., Gen eralNDS, Right NDS, Level of Performance NDS, Pathognomonic SignNDS, Pattern NDS, Right-Left Differ enceNDS, and Halstead Impairment Index). In contrast, most single non-composite HRB measures did not refleet a …