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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Genotype-Phenotype Diversity Of Beta-Thalassemia In Malaysia: Treatment Options And Emerging Therapies, Maryanne Jin Ai Tan Maryanne
Genotype-Phenotype Diversity Of Beta-Thalassemia In Malaysia: Treatment Options And Emerging Therapies, Maryanne Jin Ai Tan Maryanne
Mary Anne Tan Jin Ai
The haemoglobinopathies and thalassemias represent the most common inherited monogenic disorders in the world1. Beta-thalassaemia major is an ongoing public health problem in Malaysia2. Prior to 2004, the country had no national policy for screening and registry for thalassemia. In the absence of a national audit, the true figure of the extent of thalassemia in the Malaysian population was largely presumptive from micro-mapping studies from various research workers in the country. The estimated carrier rate for beta-thalassemia in Malaysia is 3.5-4%. There were 4768 transfusion dependent thalassemia major patients as of May 2010 (Data from National Thalassemia Registry).
A Novel Totivirus And Piscine Reovirus (Prv) In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) With Cardiomyopathy Syndrome (Cms), Torstein Tengs
A Novel Totivirus And Piscine Reovirus (Prv) In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) With Cardiomyopathy Syndrome (Cms), Torstein Tengs
Dr. Torstein Tengs
BACKGROUNDCardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is a severe disease affecting large farmed Atlantic salmon. Mortality often appears without prior clinical signs, typically shortly prior to slaughter. We recently reported the finding and the complete genomic sequence of a novel piscine reovirus (PRV), which is associated with another cardiac disease in Atlantic salmon; heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In the present work we have studied whether PRV or other infectious agents may be involved in the etiology of CMS.RESULTSUsing high throughput sequencing on heart samples from natural outbreaks of CMS and from fish experimentally challenged with material from fish diagnosed with CMS …
Effect Of Low-Dose Aspirin Or Calcium Supplementation On The Incidence Of Pre-Eclampsia Among Pregnant Women, Philadelphia University
Effect Of Low-Dose Aspirin Or Calcium Supplementation On The Incidence Of Pre-Eclampsia Among Pregnant Women, Philadelphia University
Philadelphia University, Jordan
No abstract provided.
In Vitro Antitumor Activity Of Gracilaria Corticata (A Red Alga) Against Jurkat And Molt-4 Human Cancer Cell Lines, Keivan Zandi
In Vitro Antitumor Activity Of Gracilaria Corticata (A Red Alga) Against Jurkat And Molt-4 Human Cancer Cell Lines, Keivan Zandi
Keivan Zandi
Gracilaria corticata is a red alga which can be collected from many sea coasts around the world such as China, India, Persian Gulf, etc. The Persian Gulf is a unique marine habitat infested with diverse seaweeds. The aim of the present study is to explore anticancer potential of the crude extracts from G. corticata which was collected from the Bushehr coast (South west of Iran). Here, different concentration of the aqueous extract from G. corticata was tested for probable antitumoral activity on Jurkat and molt-4 human lymphoblastic leukemic cell lines. The cells were treated by different concentration of algal extract …
Selected Hormonal And Neurotransmitter Mechanisms Regulating, James L. Sartin, Joseph A. Daniel, Brian K. Whitlock, Robyn R. Wilborn
Selected Hormonal And Neurotransmitter Mechanisms Regulating, James L. Sartin, Joseph A. Daniel, Brian K. Whitlock, Robyn R. Wilborn
Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT
Appetite control is a major issue in normal growth and in suboptimal growth performance settings. A number of hormones, in particular leptin, activate or inhibit orexigenic or anorexigenic neurotransmitters within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, where feed intake regulation is integrated. Examples of appetite regulatory neurotransmitters are the stimulatory neurotransmitters neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone and the inhibitory neurotransmitter, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Examination of messenger RNA (using in situ hybridization and realtime PCR) and proteins (using immunohistochemistry) for these neurotransmitters in ruminants has indicated that physiological regulation occurs in response to fasting for several …
Health Benefits Of Increased Walking For Sedentary, Generally Healthy Older Adults: Using Longitudinal Data To Approximate An Intervention Trial, Paula Diehr
Paula Diehr
BACKGROUND: Older adults are often advised to walk more, but randomized trials have not conclusively established the benefits of walking in this age group. Typical analyses based on observational data may have biased results. Here, we propose a "limited-bias," more interpretable estimate of the health benefits to sedentary healthy older adults of walking more, using longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Health Study. METHODS: The number of city blocks walked per week, collected annually, was classified as sedentary (<7 blocks per>week), somewhat active, or active (>or=28). Analysis was restricted to persons sedentary and healthy in the first 2 years. In Year …
Heart And Skeletal Muscle Inflammation Of Farmed Salmon Is Associated With Infection With A Novel Reovirus, Torstein Tengs
Heart And Skeletal Muscle Inflammation Of Farmed Salmon Is Associated With Infection With A Novel Reovirus, Torstein Tengs
Dr. Torstein Tengs
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture has been associated with epidemics of infectious diseases that threaten not only local production, but also wild fish coming into close proximity to marine pens and fish escaping from them. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a frequently fatal disease of farmed Atlantic salmon. First recognized in one farm in Norway in 1999, HSMI was subsequently implicated in outbreaks in other farms in Norway and the United Kingdom. Although pathology and disease transmission studies indicated an infectious basis, efforts to identify an agent were unsuccessful. Here we provide evidence that HSMI is associated …
Organ Transplants: Ethical, Social, And Religious Issues In A Multicultural Society, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., A. H. Razack, N. Dublin
Organ Transplants: Ethical, Social, And Religious Issues In A Multicultural Society, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., A. H. Razack, N. Dublin
Associate Prof. Dr. Noorzurani Robson
Recent advances in the fields of organ donation and organ transplant have introduced new hope for the treatment of serious diseases. However, this promise has been accompanied by several issues. The most common issue raised is ethical implications, but in a multicultural society like Malaysia, additional concerns arise pertaining to social and religious issues. These concerns needs to be addressed as attitudes toward and acceptability of organ donation varies according to social, culture, and religion. The diverse cultural, religious, and traditional concepts pertaining to organ donation may hamper its acceptability and cause a lack of willingness to donate organs. The …
Effect Of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor On Feed Intake And Body Temperature In Sheep, James L. Sartin, D L. Marks, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Barbara P. Steele
Effect Of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor On Feed Intake And Body Temperature In Sheep, James L. Sartin, D L. Marks, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Barbara P. Steele
Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been suggested to function as a potent inhibitor of feed intake in rodents. These studies were designed to determine whether LIF was found in the ovine hypothalamus and whether LIF inhibited feed intake in sheep. Sheep hypothalami were used to clone LIF to indicate presence of the gene in the hypothalamus. The sequence was similar to published data. Another group of sheep were provided intraventricular (ICV) cannulas and injected with doses of LIF at 250, 500, 1000 and 2500 ng per sheep, ICV. Feed intake was inhibited by the 1000 and 2500 ng dose (trt, …
Changes In Plasma Concentrations Of Growth Hormone And Luteinizing Hormone In Ewes Following Central And Peripheral Treatment With Kisspeptin, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin
Changes In Plasma Concentrations Of Growth Hormone And Luteinizing Hormone In Ewes Following Central And Peripheral Treatment With Kisspeptin, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin
Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT
Kisspeptin (KP), a neuroendocrine regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone, has been hypothesized as an integrator of nutrition and hormones critical to metabolism and regulation of reproduction. Recent evidence suggests growth hormone (GH) secretion may be influenced by KP. The objective of this study was to determine if the GH stimulatory effect of KP is due to actions on the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary gland in ewes. Adult ovariectomized ewes (n=8) were fitted with intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula to facilitate central administration of experimental treatments. Ewes received one of eight treatments [four intravenously (IV) and four ICV]. Peripheral treatments [0 (Veh), 100, …
Changes In Plasma Concentrations Of Leptin In Ewes During Pregnancy, Joseph A. Daniel, A B. Milam, M E. Gafnea, Brian K. Whitlock, D H. Keisler
Changes In Plasma Concentrations Of Leptin In Ewes During Pregnancy, Joseph A. Daniel, A B. Milam, M E. Gafnea, Brian K. Whitlock, D H. Keisler
Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT
Previous research has demonstrated circulating concentrations of leptin increase in ewes during mid pregnancy then decline in late pregnancy and early lactation. The objective of this study was to more narrowly define the timing of changes in circulating concentrations of leptin with pregnancy in ewes. Katahdin ewes (n= 19) located at latitude 34.275 and longitude -85.183 (Mount Berry, GA) were utilized. Blood samples were collected weekly via jugular veinpuncture beginning immediately before ram exposure on September 23 and continuing until 4 weeks post-lambing. Ewes were exposed to a ram fitted with a marking harness for a 63 day breeding season. …
Non-Prejudiced Detection And Characterization Of Genetic Modifications, Torstein Tengs
Non-Prejudiced Detection And Characterization Of Genetic Modifications, Torstein Tengs
Dr. Torstein Tengs
The application of gene technology is becoming widespread much thanks to the rapid increase in technology, resource, and knowledge availability. Consequently, the diversity and number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that may find their way into the food chain or the environment, intended or unintended, is rapidly growing. From a safety point of view the ability to detect and characterize in detail any GMO, independent of publicly available information, is fundamental. Pre-release risk assessments of GMOs are required in most jurisdictions and are usually based on application of technologies with limited ability to detect unexpected rearrangements and insertions. We present …
Illicit Ketamine Induced Frequency Of Micturition In A Young Malay Woman, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., B. Vicknasingam, S. Narayanan
Illicit Ketamine Induced Frequency Of Micturition In A Young Malay Woman, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., B. Vicknasingam, S. Narayanan
Associate Prof. Dr. Noorzurani Robson
Issues. The growing use of illicit ketamine among young adults poses a public health concern in Malaysia. In contrast to medical use of ketamine, illicit use has been reported to produce adverse effects on the urinary tract and, in particular the bladder. Approach and Key Findings. This case report describes a young Malay woman who developed severe bladder symptoms (urinary frequency) after consuming illicit ketamine. A history of illicit ketamine use was initially missed, and she was consequently diagnosed and treated for a urinary tract infection. Her symptoms persisted despite several courses of antibiotics. The patient was subsequently referred to …
Comparison Of Nine Different Real-Time Pcr Chemistries For Qualitative And Quantitative Applications In Gmo Detection, Torstein Tengs
Comparison Of Nine Different Real-Time Pcr Chemistries For Qualitative And Quantitative Applications In Gmo Detection, Torstein Tengs
Dr. Torstein Tengs
Several techniques have been developed for detection and quantification of genetically modified organisms, but quantitative real-time PCR is by far the most popular approach. Among the most commonly used realtime PCR chemistries are TaqMan probes and SYBR green, but many other detection chemistries have also been developed. Because their performance has never been compared systematically, here we present an extensive evaluation of some promising chemistries: sequenceunspecific DNA labeling dyes (SYBR green), primer-based technologies (AmpliFluor, Plexor, Lux primers), and techniques involving double-labeled probes, comprising hybridization (molecular beacon) and hydrolysis (TaqMan, CPT, LNA, and MGB) probes, based on recently published experimental data. …
Prevalence, Incidence, And Persistence Of Major Depressive Symptoms In The Cardiovascular Health Study, Stephen M. Thielke Md, Ms, Paula Diehr Phd
Prevalence, Incidence, And Persistence Of Major Depressive Symptoms In The Cardiovascular Health Study, Stephen M. Thielke Md, Ms, Paula Diehr Phd
Paula Diehr
PURPOSE: To explore the association of major depressive symptoms with advancing age, sex, and self-rated health among older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed 10 years of annual assessments in a longitudinal cohort of 5888 Medicare recipients in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Self-rated health was assessed with a single question, and subjects categorized as healthy or sick. Major depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, with subjects categorized as nondepressed (score < 10) or depressed (> or =10). Age-, sex-, and health-specific prevalence of depression and the probabilities of transition between depressed and nondepressed states were estimated. RESULTS: The …
A Mixture Model Based Approach For Estimating The Fdr In Replicated Microarray Data, Shuo Jiao, Shunpu Zhang
A Mixture Model Based Approach For Estimating The Fdr In Replicated Microarray Data, Shuo Jiao, Shunpu Zhang
Shuo Jiao
One of the mostly used methods for estimating the false discovery rate (FDR) is the permutation based method. The permutation based method has the well-known granularity problem due to the discrete nature of the permuted null scores. The granularity problem may produce very unstable FDR estimates. Such instability may cause scientists to over- or under-estimate the number of false positives among the genes declared as significant, and hence result in inaccurate interpretation of biological data. In this paper, we propose a new model based method as an improvement of the permutation based FDR estimation method of SAM [1] The new …
Event Adjudication Changes Key Results In Open-Label Trials: The Affirm Experience, Elaine M. Nasco, April Slee, Kent M. Koprowicz, Robert G. Hart
Event Adjudication Changes Key Results In Open-Label Trials: The Affirm Experience, Elaine M. Nasco, April Slee, Kent M. Koprowicz, Robert G. Hart
Kent M Koprowicz
Event Adjudication Changes Key Results in Open-Label Trials: The AFFIRM Experience Author Block: Elaine M. Nasco, April Slee, Kent Koprowicz, Robert G. Hart, Axio Research, LLC, Seattle, WA Abstract: Background: The value of central event adjudication of endpoints in multi-center randomized trials has recently been questioned. Methods: The NIH-sponsored Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial randomized 4,060 atrial fibrillation patients to antiarrhythmic drugs (rhythm control) vs. rate-controlling drugs, given open-label, at 213 clinical sites. While the primary outcome was mortality, a key secondary endpoint was ischemic stroke (IS), centrally adjudicated by those reviewing source documents from which …
Estimating The Proportion Of Equivalently Expressed Genes In Microarray Data Based On Transformed Test Statistics, Shuo Jiao, Shunpu Zhang
Estimating The Proportion Of Equivalently Expressed Genes In Microarray Data Based On Transformed Test Statistics, Shuo Jiao, Shunpu Zhang
Shuo Jiao
In microarray data analysis, false discovery rate (FDR) is now widely accepted as the control criterion to account for multiple hypothesis testing. The proportion of equivalently expressed genes (π0) is a key component to be estimated in the estimation of FDR. Some commonly used π0 estimators (BUM, SPLOSH, QVALUE, and LBE ) are all based on p-values, and they are essentially upper bounds of π0. The simulations we carried out show that these four methods significantly overestimate the true π0 when differentially expressed genes and equivalently expressed genes are not well separated. To solve this problem, we first introduce a …
Schizophrenia, Substance Use And Aggressions: What Are The Relationships?, Rusdi Abd. Rashid, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Rabaiah Salleh, Nor Zuraida Zainal, Mas Ayu Said, Mohammad Hussain Habil
Schizophrenia, Substance Use And Aggressions: What Are The Relationships?, Rusdi Abd. Rashid, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Rabaiah Salleh, Nor Zuraida Zainal, Mas Ayu Said, Mohammad Hussain Habil
Associate Prof. Dr. Noorzurani Robson
Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of substance abuse for alcohol, cannabis, opiates, stimulants, solvent and other substances among patients with schizophrenia in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK), Perak , Central Peninsular of Malaysia. This study also aims to determine the association of substance abuse with aggression, the demographic characteristics and total duration of hospitalization. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study whereby the first 194 subjects diagnosed to have schizophrenia based on International Classification of Disease, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria were taken from data registry of patients admitted to HBUK from January until February …
Relationship Between Precipitant Stressor And Timing Of Clinical Diagnosis In Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy., C Neil, Angela M. Kucia, H Nguyen, A Sverdlov, A Chan, D Dautov, I Mohasseb, J Selvanayagam, M Arstall, C Zeitz, J Beltrame, J Horowitz
Relationship Between Precipitant Stressor And Timing Of Clinical Diagnosis In Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy., C Neil, Angela M. Kucia, H Nguyen, A Sverdlov, A Chan, D Dautov, I Mohasseb, J Selvanayagam, M Arstall, C Zeitz, J Beltrame, J Horowitz
Angela Kucia
In practice, TTC is diagnosed almost exclusively either via (1) emergency cardiac catheterisation, primarily for apparent 'STEMI', or (2) recognition of a potentially precipating stress, primarily in patients with a non-ST-elevation (N-STE) ECG pattern. We therefore hypothesized that the greatest delays in diagnosis would occur in the subgroup with N-STE and no known stressor. A seasonality analysis was also undertaken, to test a possible association between heat stress and TTC.
Evolution Of Ecg Changes In Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy: Arrhythmias First, Qt Prolongation Later?, Angela M. Kucia, C Neil, T Nguyen, J Beltrame, M Arstall, J Horowitz
Evolution Of Ecg Changes In Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy: Arrhythmias First, Qt Prolongation Later?, Angela M. Kucia, C Neil, T Nguyen, J Beltrame, M Arstall, J Horowitz
Angela Kucia
Electrocardiographic changes previously described in Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC) include T-wave inversion with QTc prolongation, but the relationship of these changes to the evolution of TTC is uncertain. Furthermore, torsade de pointes (TdP) has been reported to occur, but its relationship to QT prolongation in TTC is unclear.
Wavelet-Based Functional Linear Mixed Models: An Application To Measurement Error–Corrected Distributed Lag Models, Elizabeth J. Malloy, Jeffrey S. Morris, Sara D. Adar, Helen Suh, Diane R. Gold, Brent A. Coull
Wavelet-Based Functional Linear Mixed Models: An Application To Measurement Error–Corrected Distributed Lag Models, Elizabeth J. Malloy, Jeffrey S. Morris, Sara D. Adar, Helen Suh, Diane R. Gold, Brent A. Coull
Jeffrey S. Morris
Frequently, exposure data are measured over time on a grid of discrete values that collectively define a functional observation. In many applications, researchers are interested in using these measurements as covariates to predict a scalar response in a regression setting, with interest focusing on the most biologically relevant time window of exposure. One example is in panel studies of the health effects of particulate matter (PM), where particle levels are measured over time. In such studies, there are many more values of the functional data than observations in the data set so that regularization of the corresponding functional regression coefficient …
Members’ Discoveries: Fatal Flaws In Cancer Research, Jeffrey S. Morris
Members’ Discoveries: Fatal Flaws In Cancer Research, Jeffrey S. Morris
Jeffrey S. Morris
A recent article published in The Annals of Applied Statistics (AOAS) by two MD Anderson researchers—Keith Baggerly and Kevin Coombes—dissects results from a highly-influential series of medical papers involving genomics-driven personalized cancer therapy, and outlines a series of simple yet fatal flaws that raises serious questions about the veracity of the original results. Having immediate and strong impact, this paper, along with related work, is providing the impetus for new standards of reproducibility in scientific research.
Statistical Contributions To Proteomic Research, Jeffrey S. Morris, Keith A. Baggerly, Howard B. Gutstein, Kevin R. Coombes
Statistical Contributions To Proteomic Research, Jeffrey S. Morris, Keith A. Baggerly, Howard B. Gutstein, Kevin R. Coombes
Jeffrey S. Morris
Proteomic profiling has the potential to impact the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases. A number of different proteomic technologies are available that allow us to look at many proteins at once, and all of them yield complex data that raise significant quantitative challenges. Inadequate attention to these quantitative issues can prevent these studies from achieving their desired goals, and can even lead to invalid results. In this chapter, we describe various ways the involvement of statisticians or other quantitative scientists in the study team can contribute to the success of proteomic research, and we outline some of the …
Informatics And Statistics For Analyzing 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Images, Andrew W. Dowsey, Jeffrey S. Morris, Howard G. Gutstein, Guang Z. Yang
Informatics And Statistics For Analyzing 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Images, Andrew W. Dowsey, Jeffrey S. Morris, Howard G. Gutstein, Guang Z. Yang
Jeffrey S. Morris
Whilst recent progress in ‘shotgun’ peptide separation by integrated liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has enabled its use as a sensitive analytical technique, proteome coverage and reproducibility is still limited and obtaining enough replicate runs for biomarker discovery is a challenge. For these reasons, recent research demonstrates the continuing need for protein separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). However, with traditional 2-DE informatics, the digitized images are reduced to symbolic data though spot detection and quantification before proteins are compared for differential expression by spot matching. Recently, a more robust and automated paradigm has emerged where gels are directly …
Bayesian Random Segmentationmodels To Identify Shared Copy Number Aberrations For Array Cgh Data, Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani, Yuan Ji, Rajesh Talluri, Luis E. Nieto-Barajas, Jeffrey S. Morris
Bayesian Random Segmentationmodels To Identify Shared Copy Number Aberrations For Array Cgh Data, Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani, Yuan Ji, Rajesh Talluri, Luis E. Nieto-Barajas, Jeffrey S. Morris
Jeffrey S. Morris
Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a high-resolution high-throughput technique for studying the genetic basis of cancer. The resulting data consists of log fluorescence ratios as a function of the genomic DNA location and provides a cytogenetic representation of the relative DNA copy number variation. Analysis of such data typically involves estimation of the underlying copy number state at each location and segmenting regions of DNA with similar copy number states. Most current methods proceed by modeling a single sample/array at a time, and thus fail to borrow strength across multiple samples to infer shared regions of copy number aberrations. …
Code For Fitting Bdsacgh, Veera Baladandayuthapani
Code For Fitting Bdsacgh, Veera Baladandayuthapani
Veera Baladandayuthapani
No abstract provided.
R Package For Bayesian Ensemble Methods For Survival Prediction In Gene Expression Data, Veera Baladandayuthapani
R Package For Bayesian Ensemble Methods For Survival Prediction In Gene Expression Data, Veera Baladandayuthapani
Veera Baladandayuthapani
This is the R package for the methods described in Bayesian ensemble methods for survival prediction in gene expression data by Vinicius Bonato , Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani, Kim-Anh Do, Bradley M. Broom, Erik P. Sulman, and Kenneth D. Aldape Submitted to Bioinformatics (2010)
Bayesian Random Segmentationmodels To Identify Shared Copy Number Aberrations For Array Cgh Data, Veera Baladandayuthapani
Bayesian Random Segmentationmodels To Identify Shared Copy Number Aberrations For Array Cgh Data, Veera Baladandayuthapani
Veera Baladandayuthapani
No abstract provided.
Varenicline – A New Pharmacotherapy For Smoking Cessation In Primary Care Practice, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr.
Varenicline – A New Pharmacotherapy For Smoking Cessation In Primary Care Practice, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr.
Associate Prof. Dr. Noorzurani Robson
Background: Cigarette smoking causes significant morbidity and mortality and is a major public health concern worldwide. Primary care doctors are in a unique position that enables them to promote smoking cessation, as smokers are more aware of their health at the time of their clinic visit. It is thus important to offer effective treatment to help smokers stop smoking. Methods: A search of PubMed was done up to 16 December 2009, using the keywords “varenicline” alone, “varenicline” and “family medicine”, and “varenicline” and “primary care”. The search produced 426 articles on varenicline. The articles that were chosen were case reports, …