Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Exhausted Or Unlicensed: Can Field-Of-Use Restrictions In Biotech License Agreements Still Prevent Off-Label Use Promotion After Quanta Computer?, Kristal M. Wicks

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “In the biotechnology (biotech) industry, companies must be increasingly aware of their intellectual property and how their licensing strategies can impact their rights. When licensing patented technology, it is common practice for biotech companies to include restricted field-of-use provisions in their license agreements. Such provisions permit a licensee to only use licensed technology in a defined field and restrict use or development in another field. This licensing strategy plays an important role within the biotech industry because it allows companies to more effectively control their intellectual property and to more efficiently research and develop pharmaceutical products.

A problem that …

Section Abstracts: Medical Science

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Medical Sciences Section for the 88th Annual Meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science, May 20-21, 2010, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia.

Role Of Genetics In Prediction Of Coronary Artery Disease, Andrey Yuabov

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction of this article: Coronary arteries disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in United States and rest of the world. It mostly involves atherogenic formation within the walls of the coronary arteries, which in turn restricts the adequate perfusion to the heart muscle. This leads to myocardial infarction and sudden death. In the past few decades the theories of coronary arteries disease pathogenesis have changed. The facts reveal that the onset of the disease can develop as early as childhood. The degree of the disease gradually progresses in stages and it is regarded as …

Associative Learning In Larval Dosophila Melanogaster: The Role Of Heredity In Learning Speed And Persistence Of Leaning Into Adulthood, Jasmin Hicklen, Domonique Jones, Michelle Vieyra

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of Weight Control Through Weight Watch Programs, V. A. Black, P. Boumtje

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Linear probability estimation and survey data are employed to quantify the influence of the lifestyles of individuals on the change in their body mass index (BMI). The analysis also explores the effects of demographic characteristics (age, gender, and ethnicity) in weight management. Results suggest evidence of association between changes in lifestyle and changes in the BMI of individuals.

Can Dynamic Multidetector Computerized Tomography Detect Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes?, Ayhan Di̇ri̇m, Ni̇hal Tutar, Levent Peşki̇rci̇oğlu, Hüseyi̇n Çeli̇k, Mehmet İlteri̇ş Teki̇n, Hakan Özkardeş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To evaluate the efficacy of the biphasic and triphasic dynamic multidedector computerized tomography (MDCT) in the preoperative prediction of histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and methods: The preoperative dynamic MDCT findings of 51 patients with renal mass who had undergone nephrectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-five of the patients had biphasic (portal and excretory) and 26 had triphasic (arterial, portal, and excretory) MDCT images. Tumor size, presence of calcification, tumor-aorta attenuation values in all phases and homogeneicity of the tumor were noted for every patient. In heterogeneous tumors, the minimum and maximum attenuation values were noted to determine …

The Effects Of Adding Methylprednisolone To Low-Potassium Dextran Solution On Preserved Ischemic Lungs, Ali̇ Yegi̇nsu, Makbule Ergi̇n, Hüseyi̇n Özyurt, Çi̇ğdem Elmas, Güleser Çağlar Göktaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To investigate the effects of adding methylprednisolone to low-potassium dextran solution on cold-preserved ischemic lungs. Materials and methods: The study included 42 rat lung blocks that were divided into 7 groups (n = 6). Lung blocks were preserved in 40 mL of cold Perfadex solution, to which 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg kg-1 (approximately 40, 120, 240, 480, and 960 mg L-1) of methylprednisolone were added. After a 24-h preservation period, the lungs were removed from the solution and examined. Results: As compared to the Perfadex only group, cell death and degeneration were significantly higher in the Perfadex …

Investigation Of The Causative Agents For Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Adult Patients, Yasemi̇n Zer, Nazan Bayram, İclal Balci, Ayten Fi̇li̇z

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common condition in healthy people, causing morbidity and mortality worldwide despite latest advances in therapy and immunization procedures. Causative agents cannot be detected in approximately 50% of CAP episodes and therapy is initiated empirically. We aimed to determine the spectrum and frequency of the causative agents in patients with CAP in a university hospital. Materials and methods: Seventy seven adult patients hospitalized with CAP from November 2007 to March 2008 were included. CAP was diagnosed with clinical, radiological, and laboratory signs. Results: Sputum and blood cultures grew Streptococcus pneumoniae in 15 specimens; Haemophilus influenzae in …

Do Uroflowmetric Findings Change By Treatment Of Urinary Tract Infection In Girls With Dysfunctional Voiding?, Emrah Şenel, Hüseyi̇n Tuğrul Ti̇ryaki̇, Fati̇h Akbiyik, Hali̇l Faruk Atayurt

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The goal of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of repeated uroflowmetry study in girls who present with dysfunctional voiding with normal radiologic evaluation. Materials and methods: Twenty five children (25 girls with a mean age of 8.9 years) with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and dysfunctional voiding who have normal radiologic evaluation were prospectively evaluated by uroflowmetry tests. Uroflowmetry study was repeated after the UTI treatment in asymptomatic period. Results: Mean urine volume was 254.31 ± 199.49 cc and the mean micturition time was 25.22 ± 15.43 s at the first uroflowmetry. Prolonged micturition time was noted in …

Comparison Of Remifentanil, Alfentanil, And Fentanil Co-Administered With Propofol To Facilitate Laryngeal Mask Insertion, Ali̇ Sizlan, Uğur Göktaş, Ceyda Özhan, Mehmet Özgür Özhan, Mehmet Emi̇n Orhan, Ercan Kurt

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To compare the efficacy of different doses of fentanil, remifentanil, and alfentanil co-administered with propofol in patients undergoing minor surgery. Materials and methods: This double-blind, multi-centered, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 2 medical centers. One hundred forty-one ASA class I and II adult patients aged 18-65 years were included in the study. Patients received i.v. 1 µg kg^{-1} fentanil (group F, n = 33), 10 µg kg^{-1} alfentanil (group A, n = 33), 0.5 µg kg^{-1} remifentanil (group R, n = 36), or saline (control group, n = 39) co-administered with propofol 2.5 mg kg^{-1} without additives over 30 s. …

Comparison Of Serum Levels Of Il-6, Il-8, Tnf-Α, C Reactive Protein And Heat Shock Protein 70 In Patients With Active Or Inactive Behçet’S Disease, Remzi̇ Karadağ, Cemi̇le Koca, Yüksel Totan, Ramazan Yağci, Murat Aydin, Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Celi̇le Gülfer Akbay, Hati̇ce Meral Ekşi̇oğlu, Muhammet Ramazan Yi̇ği̇toğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to elucidate serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-\alpha, CRP, and HSP 70 in patients with active or inactive Behçet's disease. Materials and methods: The study included 50 patients who met the International Study Group criteria for Behçet's disease. Of these, 26 had active disease and 24 had inactive disease. The control group was comprised of 25 age- and sex-matched healthy participants. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-\alpha, CRP, and HSP 70 were measured. Results: In patients with active disease, significantly higher mean serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-\alpha, and CRP were found compared to …

Single Shot “3-In-1” Femoral Nerve Blockade With 0.25% Or 0.375% Levobupivacaine Provides Similar Postoperative Analgesia For Total Knee Replacement, Alpaslan Apan, Fi̇li̇z Sari, Alp Burak Ekmekçi̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To compare postoperative analgesia provided by single shot "3-in-1" femoral nerve blockade using 0.25% or 0.375% levobupivacaine in preceding with spinal anesthesia for unilateral total knee replacement surgery. Materials and methods: Forty consenting patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty were included in this prospective randomized study. Spinal anesthesia was achieved with 15 mg plain bupivacaine at the L3-4 or L4-5 interspace. After resolution of the spinal anesthesia, patients were randomized into 2 groups: "3-in-1" femoral nerve blocks were performed using 30 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine (Group 1, n = 20) or 0.375% levobupivacaine (Group 2, n = 20). Pain was …

The Efficacy, Safety, And Pharmacokinetics Of Intramuscular And Oral Phenyramidol In Patients With Low Back Pain In An Emergency Department, Hakan Ergün, Onur Polat, N. Arda Demi̇rkan, Müge Günalp, Serdar Gürler

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To compare the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of oral and intramuscular (i.m.) phenyramidol in patients with low back pain. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients with low back pain were recruited and randomized (5:3) to treatment with either 800 mg oral or i.m. phenyramidol. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale every 30 min for 2 h. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and every 15 min for 2 h. A 5-point verbal global evaluation scale was performed by both patients and physicians. In addition, the need for rescue analgesics after 2 h was noted. After the acute phase, patients were …

The Effect Of Intradialytic Food Intake On The Urea Reduction Ratio And Single-Pool Kt/V Values In Patients Followed-Up At A Hemodialysis Center*, Belgüzar Kara, Cengi̇z Han Açikel

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effect of intradialytic food intake on the urea reduction rate (URR) and single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) values in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a quasiexperiment. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in this study. The patients' mean age was 56.5 ± 13.0 years and median time on HD was 63 months. In the first stage of the study, patients were given a standard meal after the first hour of the treatment. The same study group underwent HD without intradialytic food intake 1 week later. Predialysis and postdialysis blood samples for …

Suitable Empiric Antibiotic Therapy Saves Life In Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused By Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia, Gürdal Yilmaz, Savaş Özsu, İfti̇har Köksal, Tevfi̇k Özlü

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen of increasing importance. Empiric antibiotic therapy for S. maltophilia infection is difficult because the microorganism is resistant to a number of agents typically used for health care associated infections, thus potentially increasing mortality. This study investigates 23 nosocomial pneumonia cases caused by S. maltophilia, the antibacterial sensitivity of the bacterium and the effect on mortality of suitable empiric therapy. Materials and methods: Twenty-three patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by S. maltophilia between January 2000 and December 2006 at the Karadeniz Technical University Hospital were retrospectively investigated. Results: Suitable empiric therapy was used with 12 …

Nitric Oxide And Trace Metals In Relation To Haemoglobin F Concentration In Nigerian Sickle Cell Disease Patients, John Ayodele Olaniyi, Olatubosun Ganiyu Arinola

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited haemoglobin (Hb) disorder associated with vaso-occlusive events, oxidative stress, high energy demand, and endothelial dysfunction. The endothelium plays a central role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis by releasing nitric oxide (NO) among other factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure plasma levels of NO, trace metals, and HbF in SCD patients. Materials and methods: Plasma levels of NO, Zn, Mg, Mn, Se, Cu, Fe, Haemoglobin F (HbF) were measured in 59 steady state SCD patients referred to the Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and 35 age/sex …

A Comparison Of The Treatment Of Ddh In The Older Children By Femoral Shortening With A) Acetabular Shelf And B) Innominate Osteotomy Plus Shelf, Meti̇n Doğan, Savaş Ağaoğlu, Durmuş Ali̇ Öçgüder, Mahmut Uğurlu, Rahmi̇ Yavuz Önem, Mustafa Aksoy, Murat Bozkurt

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To examine the surgical outcome of 2 different techniques used in the treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip with delayed diagnosis. Materials and methods: The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the technique applied: 21 hips of 18 patients were included in Group 1 and 20 hips of 16 patients were included in Group 2. Initially, all the patients were subjected to femoral osteotomy, shortening, varization and derotation. In Group 1, additionally extra-articular grafting was performed for acetabulum and in Group 2, acetabular osteotomy and extraarticular grafting were performed. The mean age of Group 1 was 8 …

Abnormal Hemoglobins Associated With The Beta-Globin Gene In Antalya Province, Turkey, İbrahi̇m Keser, Aki̇f Yeşi̇li̇pek, Duran Canatan, Güven Lüleci̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Abnormal hemoglobins are the most common hemoglobinopathies after beta-thalassemia in the world. More than 40 abnormal hemoglobin variants have been reported in the Turkish population. Therefore, it is one of the target areas for carrier screening. In our study, we aimed to screen the abnormal hemoglobins that cause clinical thalassemia in the Antalya population. Materials and methods: The present study identified the abnormal hemoglobins associated with the beta-globin gene using different molecular genetic techniques following high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results. We studied 972 postnatal and 361 prenatal cases (total: 1333 cases, 2666 chromosomes) with the disorder from 1998 up …

The Relationship Between Daily Caffeine Consumption And Withdrawal Symptoms: A Questionnaire-Based Study, Nermi̇n Küçer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To estimate daily caffeine intake among a group of university students at the Kocaeli Vocational School of Health Services in Turkey, and to determine the relationship between daily caffeine consumption and withdrawal symptoms. Materials and methods: This survey study was conducted using a questionnaire that was administered to 156 university students (129 females, 27 males) at the Kocaeli Vocational School of Health Services in Kocaeli, Turkey. The quantity of caffeine-containing products consumed was recorded on a daily basis, depending on the dietary habits of the consumer. The t test for differences between 2 proportions (using the normal approximation) was used …

Asymptomatic Carriage Of Bacteria In Food Workers In Nilüfer District, Bursa, Turkey*, Kayihan Pala, Cüneyt Özakin, Nalan Akiş, Melda Sinirtaş, Suna Gedi̇koğlu, Hamdi̇ Ayteki̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study was carried out in order to determine the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and the faecal carriage of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food industry workers. Materials and methods: During the study, face to face interviews were conducted with the workers and 9-item questionnaires regarding demographic information, working time, and periodical medical examinations were administered. In the study nasal swab specimens of 1115 individuals and faecal specimens of 1061 individuals were bacteriologically investigated. Results: The nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found to be significantly more common in …

Plasma Vitamin A And E Levels In Patients With Gastroesophageal Cancer In Eastern Anatolia, Ömer Yilmaz, Hakan Dursun, Sai̇t Keleş, Ari̇f Yilmaz, Ni̇hat Okçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancers account for a significant percentage of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Free radicals may play a role in the development of GIS cancers at various stages. The goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between gastroesophageal cancer and plasma levels of vitamin A and vitamin E, a significant part of antioxidant defense. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients with gastroesophageal cancer diagnosed by endoscopy and histopathologic examination and 26 healthy volunteer subjects were included in this study. Plasma vitamin A and vitamin E levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using a commercially available kit. Results: …

Comparative Evaluation Of The Antifungal Susceptibility Of Candida Isolates From Blood Specimens: Results Of A Study In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Bursa, Turkey, Canan Evci̇, Beyza Ener, Güher Göral, Sevi̇m Akçağlar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Antifungal susceptibility testing may be an important aid in the treatment of patients with life threatening yeast infections. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Candida isolates obtained from clinical specimens to the antifungal agents amphotericin B and fluconazole, which are frequently used in our clinical practice. Materials and methods: Susceptibility to antifungal agents was investigated using the Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test (CLSI M27-A2). The MICs obtained with each of the methods were read after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. Results: Overall agreement rates within ±1 …

Familial Amyloidosis Cutis Dyschromica, Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Gülçi̇n Güler Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Primary cutaneous amyloidosis is a rare progressive disease that is characterized with the deposition of amyloid under the skin instead of internal organs. Major types are the macular, papular, nodular types. Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica is a very rare specific type of vitiliginous amyloidosis. A 16 year-old female patient and 22 year-old male patient, siblings, referred to the hospital with the complaint of non-pruritic diffuse hyperpigmentation beginning from trunk and spreading to all body. The histopathologic findings and crystal violet stain were consistent with amyloidosis cutis dyschromica. All other investigations were normal. There are few reported cases related with this amyloidosis …

Tetanus In An Intensive Care Unit Of A Turkish Hospital: Patient Analysis Of A 6-Year Period, Behi̇ce Kurtaran, Emre Karakoç, Aslihan Candevi̇r, Süheyla Kömür, Ayşe Seza İnal, Fi̇li̇z Ki̇bar, Yeşi̇m Taşova, Neşe Saltoğlu, Hasan Sali̇h Zeki̇ Aksu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To retrospectively evaluate the clinical features of patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital between January 2001 and May 2007 due to tetanus. Materials and methods: Patient vaccination history, incubation period, nosocomial infections, noninfectious conditions, mortality, and length of stay in the ICU and hospital were documented. Results: Fifteen tetanus patients were admitted during the 6-year period. Mean age of the patients (9 male, 6 female) was 60 ± 13 years. Median length of stay was 42 days (range: 30-77 days) for survivors and 7 days (range: 1-59 days) for non-survivors. Mortality was consequent to …

Four Cases Of Myotonia Congenita In A Turkish Family*, Recep Aygül, Gökhan Özdemi̇r, Di̇lcan Kotan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Myotonia congenita is a rare muscular disorder with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance, and is characterized by painless myotonia. A 44-year-old mother presented at our clinic with a son and a daughter, all sharing the same complaints of difficulty in relaxing their hands and beginning to walk, and spasms during chewing. The family had also another 16-year-old daughter, but she had no such complaints. The mother reported that her father and 2 sisters had the same disease, but that her brother was healthy. Their pedigree analysis revealed that the disease was present for 3 generations and had an autosomal …

Cancer And Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation, Yavuz Emre Şükür, Batuhan Özmen, Murat Sönmezer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Although ovarian tissue cryopreservation is still accepted as an experimental procedure, it has recently become an increasingly resorted technique in highly specialized in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. Its indications include many childhood cancers, breast cancer, some autoimmune diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and pelvic radiation therapy due to solid tumors. The chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy may diminish ovarian reserve and cause premature ovarian failure. It currently seems as the only option for fertility preservation in children where ovulation induction is ethically not acceptable, and for those when cytotoxic therapy is urgent. There are 2 main methods for transplantation of frozen-thawed …

Effect Of L-Carnitine On Diabetic Neuropathy And Ventricular Dispersion In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus, Hizir Ulvi̇, Recep Aygül, Recep Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Diabetes is a common cause of polyneuropathy. Cardiac arrhythmias and markedly increased mortality rate have been demonstrated in patients with diabetic neuropathy and also demonstrated that abnormally prolonged QT dispersion interval (QTd) is associated with a higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. We investigated the efficacy and tolerability of L-carnitine (LC) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and ventricular dispersion, mainly by evaluating the effects of treatment on electrophysiological parameters. Materials and methods: We recruited 30 patients with type I or type II diabetes (mean age: 60 ± 9 years, range: 36-75; 18 males, 12 females) meeting clinical …

Cd10 Expression In Urothelial Bladder Carcinomas: Staining Patterns And Relationship With Pathologic Parameters*, Ni̇lüfer Onak Kandemi̇r, Burak Bahadir, Banu Doğan Gün, Gamze Yurdakan, Ni̇met Karadayi, Şükrü Oğuz Özdamar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

CD10 is a cell surface metalloprotease that inactivates various bioactive neuropeptides. CD10 has been suggested as a useful prognostic marker for urothelial carcinoma, but there are only a few studies of CD10 in urothelial tumors and they have shown varying results. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of CD10 in urothelial bladder carcinomas and to clarify its association with pathologic parameters. Materials and methods: A total of 50 urothelial bladder carcinomas were selected from archival material. All cases were reevaluated histopathologically and graded according to the WHO/ISUP 1998 classification. The TNM system was used for their …

Small-For-Gestational-Age Newborns Need A Special Fluid Therapy Strategy, Alparslan Tonbul, Cüneyt Tayman, Ahmet Karadağ, Hali̇se Akça, Nurdan Uras, Mustafa Mansur Tatli

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine the fluid requirement of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns and to compare them with that of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns in the first 5 days of life. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted from January 2007 to August 2007, including newborns with a gestation age of 32-40 weeks, with respiratory problems, feeding problems, and prematurity, and required intravenous fluid for at least 3 days. Two study groups were established: SGA (group 1) and AGA (group 2) according to the Lubchenco scale. All newborns were cared at an ambient humidity of 40% in an incubator and received …

Serum Nitric Oxide And Peroxynitrite Levels In Adult Sero-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: A Preliminary Report, Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer, Samir Abdul-Hassan Al-Obaidi, Khalid S. Al-Dulaimi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to oxidative/nitrative stress is well documented in inflamed joints. Nitric oxide stimulates the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators and cytotoxic molecules with a pivotal role in apoptosis at the joint of rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to assess the serum levels of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in sero positive rheumatoid patients treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Materials and methods: Sixteen known patients with sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology and on disease modifying antirheumatic drugs were allocated from the consultant clinic of rheumatology at Al-Yarmouk Teaching …