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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Characterization Of The Nicotine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response In The Rat Placenta In Vivo And In Vitro, Michael Ka Chun Wong
Characterization Of The Nicotine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response In The Rat Placenta In Vivo And In Vitro, Michael Ka Chun Wong
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy leads to adverse health outcomes, including compromised placental development. Although the molecular mechanisms remain elusive, recent studies identified that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may underlie poor placentation. Therefore, we were interested in investigating the effects of nicotine exposure on the ER stress response in the placenta. A well-established maternal nicotine exposure rat model and Rcho-1 trophoblast giant cell model were utilized to address the research questions. Maternal nicotine exposure in vivo led to elevated ER stress in association with impaired disulfide bond formation and hypoxia. Nicotine exposure in vitro further differentiated that ER stress may be …
Inhibition Of Elongation Factor 1a-1 Activity And Hepatic Lipotoxicity, Alexandra Margaret Anne Hetherington
Inhibition Of Elongation Factor 1a-1 Activity And Hepatic Lipotoxicity, Alexandra Margaret Anne Hetherington
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Elongation factor 1A-1 (eEF1A-1) was previously identified as a mediator of fatty acid-induced cell death (lipotoxicity) downstream of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, inhibition of the peptide elongation activity of eEF1A-1 with the cyclic depsipeptide didemnin B (DB) diminishes ER stress and lipotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes. Since ER stress is involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it was hypothesized that administration of DB to obese mice with NAFLD would reduce hepatic lipotoxicity. Treatment with DB for one week improved several parameters associated with hepatic lipotoxicity and modestly decreased food intake without evidence of illness. Liver triglycerides and protein markers …
Adverse Effects Of Perinatal Nicotine Exposure On Reproductive Outcomes, Daniel B. Hardy, Michael K. Wong
Adverse Effects Of Perinatal Nicotine Exposure On Reproductive Outcomes, Daniel B. Hardy, Michael K. Wong
Physiology and Pharmacology Publications
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy through cigarette smoking, nicotine replacement therapies or e-cigarette use continues to be awidespread public health problem, impacting both fetal and postnatal health. Yet, at this time, there remains limited data regarding the safety and efficacy in using these nicotine products during pregnancy. Notably, reports assessing the effect of nicotine exposure on postnatal health outcomes in humans, including reproductive health, are severely lacking. Our current understanding regarding the consequences of nicotine exposure during pregnancy is limited to a few animal studies, which do not comprehensively address the underlying cellular mechanisms involved. This paper aims to critically review …