Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Erps Reveal The Temporal Dynamics Of Auditory Word Recognition In Specific Language Impairment., Jeffrey G Malins, Amy S Desroches, Erin K Robertson, Randy Lynn Newman, Lisa M D Archibald, Marc F Joanisse
Erps Reveal The Temporal Dynamics Of Auditory Word Recognition In Specific Language Impairment., Jeffrey G Malins, Amy S Desroches, Erin K Robertson, Randy Lynn Newman, Lisa M D Archibald, Marc F Joanisse
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to compare auditory word recognition in children with specific language impairment (SLI group; N=14) to a group of typically developing children (TD group; N=14). Subjects were presented with pictures of items and heard auditory words that either matched or mismatched the pictures. Mismatches overlapped expected words in word-onset (cohort mismatches; see: DOLL, hear: dog), rhyme (CONE -bone), or were unrelated (SHELL -mug). In match trials, the SLI group showed a different pattern of N100 responses to auditory stimuli compared to the TD group, indicative of early auditory processing differences in SLI. However, the phonological mapping …
Dynamic And Opposing Adjustment Of Movement Cancellation And Generation In An Oculomotor Countermanding Task., Brian D Corneil, Joshua C Cheng, Samanthi C Goonetilleke
Dynamic And Opposing Adjustment Of Movement Cancellation And Generation In An Oculomotor Countermanding Task., Brian D Corneil, Joshua C Cheng, Samanthi C Goonetilleke
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Adaptive adjustments of strategies help optimize behavior in a dynamic and uncertain world. Previous studies in the countermanding (or stop-signal) paradigm have detailed how reaction times (RTs) change with trial sequence, demonstrating adaptive control of movement generation. Comparatively little is known about the adaptive control of movement cancellation in the countermanding task, mainly because movement cancellation implies the absence of an outcome and estimates of movement cancellation require hundreds of trials. Here, we exploit a within-trial proxy of movement cancellation based on recordings of neck muscle activity while human subjects attempted to cancel large eye-head gaze shifts. On a subset …
The Human Brain Processes Syntax In The Absence Of Conscious Awareness., Laura Batterink, Helen J Neville
The Human Brain Processes Syntax In The Absence Of Conscious Awareness., Laura Batterink, Helen J Neville
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Syntax is the core computational component of language. A longstanding idea about syntactic processing is that it is generally not available to conscious access, operating autonomously and automatically. However, there is little direct neurocognitive evidence on this issue. By measuring event-related potentials while human observers performed a novel cross-modal distraction task, we demonstrated that syntactic violations that were not consciously detected nonetheless produced a characteristic early neural response pattern, and also significantly delayed reaction times to a concurrent task. This early neural response was distinct from later neural activity that was observed only to syntactic violations that were consciously detected. …
Three-Dimensional Segmentation Of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Carotid Atherosclerosis Using Sparse Field Level Sets., E Ukwatta, J Yuan, D Buchanan, B Chiu, J Awad, W Qiu, G Parraga, A Fenster
Three-Dimensional Segmentation Of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Carotid Atherosclerosis Using Sparse Field Level Sets., E Ukwatta, J Yuan, D Buchanan, B Chiu, J Awad, W Qiu, G Parraga, A Fenster
Medical Biophysics Publications
PURPOSE: Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) vessel wall volume (VWV) provides a 3D measurement of carotid artery wall remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque and is sensitive to temporal changes of carotid plaque burden. Unfortunately, although 3DUS VWV provides many advantages compared to measurements of arterial wall thickening or plaque alone, it is still not widely used in research or clinical practice because of the inordinate amount of time required to train observers and to generate 3DUS VWV measurements. In this regard, semiautomated methods for segmentation of the carotid media-adventitia boundary (MAB) and the lumen-intima boundary (LIB) would greatly improve the time to train …
Loss Of Dendritic Inhibition In The Hippocampus After Repeated Early-Life Hyperthermic Seizures In Rats., Richard Boyce, L Stan Leung
Loss Of Dendritic Inhibition In The Hippocampus After Repeated Early-Life Hyperthermic Seizures In Rats., Richard Boyce, L Stan Leung
Physiology and Pharmacology Publications
Seizures are relatively common in children and are a risk factor for subsequent temporal lobe epilepsy. To investigate whether early-life seizures themselves are detrimental to the proper function of the adult brain, we studied whether dendritic excitation and inhibition in the hippocampus of adult rats were altered after hyperthermia-induced seizures in immature rats. In particular, we hypothesized that apical dendritic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells would be disrupted following hyperthermia-induced seizures in early life. Seizure rats were given three hyperthermia-induced seizures per day for three days from postnatal day (PND) 13 to 15; control rats were handled similarly but …