Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Value Of Middle Cerebral Versus Umbilical Artery Doppler In The Prediction Of Neonatal Outcome Among Primi Gravida With Hypertension, Samir Abdalla Ali, Emad Mohamed Ibrahim Atalla, Ahmed Abdelhamid Ahmed Awad

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Doppler ultrasonography is typically used to examine umbilical arteries, however recent research have shown that middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler examination is equally effective and strongly recommend it. Aim and objectives; This study sought to determine how well the ratio of the middle cerebral artery to umbilical artery pulsatility could be used to predict a newborn's outcome in Primi Gravida with hypertension. Subjects and methods: Women who have Primi Gravida with Hypertension participated in this cohort research. Between December 2021 and November 2022, Emergency personnel and workers at ALHUSSIEN University Hospital's foetal care unit 100 patients with severe preeclampsia …

A Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (Usg-Tap) Block Vs Open Surgical Technique For Post Cesarean Section Pain Control, Abd El-Moneim Mohamed Zakaria, Magdy Ahmed Abdel Momen, Ahmed Mohamed Saeed, Moustafa Mahomoud Nasr Hemdan

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Opioids are linked to significant health problems, such as nausea, vomiting, sedations, pruritus, and respiratory depressions in addition to newborns adverse effects via opioid transmitting across breastfeeding during caesarean section, even after the efficient stages of post-operative analgesia attained with the administration of opioids in combination with NSAIDs and paracetamol continuing to follow general anaesthesia.

Aim of the work: This study's objective is to evaluate pain levels at (rests and movements), and need for opioids following cesarean section using TAP block techniques (USG TAP, intraoperative direct vision TAP).

Patients and Methods: This study comprised 100 pregnant women who underwent …

Doppler Study Of Uterine And Ovarian Arteries In Predication Of Post Insertion Heavy Menstrual Bleeding In Iucd Patients, Tag El-Din Ahmed Muhammad El-Sayed, Mofeed Fawzy Mohamed El-Sharkawy, Mohamed Ahmed Abdel Moaty

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Worldwide, intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are widely utilized. Uterine hemorrhage and/or period pain are copper IUD side effects. Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) did not change significantly following copper-medicated IUD insertion (PI). Power Doppler investigation showed that the copper-IUD affected sub endometrial micro vascularization in side-effect patients (dysmenorrhea or menorrhagia). Doppler assessment of blood flow indicators before insertion can identify women prone to menorrhagia or menstrual pain. Aim: To evaluate resistance index of the uterine and ovarian arteries as well as power Doppler energy of subendometrial microvascularization, before and three months after insertion of IUCD, using vaginal …

Uterine Artery Doppler Indices As Determinant Of Success In Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Abd-Elqawy Hendawy Shams, Fahd Abd Elall El Omda, Noha Mohamed Sabry

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Patients with infertility are usually advised to have intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI). Doppler ultrasound, which uses high frequency transvaginal probes and coloured pictures, is one of the most frequently used methods in this field. One of the parameters supplied by an ultrasonographic test for determining the success of IVF includes endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, endometrial volume, and endometrial blood flow. Aim: To detect implantation window using uterine artery indices in ICSI cycles. Subject and Methods: This study will be concluded at the assisted reproductive techniques unit of AlAzhar University on 100 patients. Results: Regarding BMI, there …

Correlation Of Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Bone Biochemical Markers In Premature And Full-Term Neonates, Khaled Mohammed Elsayed, Abd Elaziz Abd Elrahman Alnokaly, Mohammed Abd El-Malik Hassan, Mabrouk Mahmoud Abo Elenin

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Prematurity lowers body weight and bone mineral density in nearly 30% of preterm newborns. Premature newborns are not screened for metabolic bone disease, hence bone biochemical markers should be investigated. Acetylcholinesterase mediates bone remodeling in recent investigations. Bone biochemical indicators and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in preterm newborns may be linked. Objective: The aim of our study is to evaluate the probable correlation of AChE levels with multiple bone biomarkers in full-term and premature neonates. Subjects and Methods: This study was designed as a case control study. We examined 80 newborns (40 preterm with gestational age less than 37 weeks, …

The Efficacy Of Intraoperative Intrauterine Iud Insertion During Cesarean Section, Ehab Hassanin Mohammad, El Metwally Farouk El Shahat, Mohamed Atef Ibrahim Abd Eldaim

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) can be placed at a caesarean section (CS) for the first time in a woman's life. If the IUD is safe and effective for CS scars, they may use it as a long-acting reversible contraception. Objectives: to evaluate CS intraoperative intrauterine IUD implantation. Subjects and methods: The Al-Azhar University Faculty of Medicine's Obstetrics & Gynecology Department conducted a randomised controlled experiment on 40 women. Results: Our population had 5.2% significant bleeding, displacement, and infection and 12.8% discontinuation. 0% failed. After 2 months, 87.2% of patients were satisfied. Conclusion: Tubal ligation and immediate postplacental implantation …

Efficacy Of Dexamethasone On Latent Phase During Induction Of Labour, Yehia Abd Elsalam Wafa, Abd Elmonaem Mohammed Zakaria, Youssef Hassan Ahmed Rizk

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands form the axis around which the process of giving birth revolves. Fetal adrenal steroid hormones change the noncontractile myometrium into the contractile state, affecting the placenta and membranes, Aim: The objective of this research was to determine the effect of intramuscular dexamethasone injection on the time among labor induction and the commencement of active phase of labor, as well as the duration of active phase. Patients and Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial conducted on pregnant women visiting the maternity ward of Al-Hussein University hospital for a period of 12 …

Continuous Versus Intermittent Oxytocin Infusion Throughout The Active Phase Of Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Mohammed Mohammed Gebreil, Ahmed Muhamed Ahmed Abdelmoaty, Hany Mahrous Elsayed Mansour

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Modern obstetric practice includes augmentation of labour, which leads to progressive cervicovaginal effacement and dilation as well as childbirth. The use of several acceptable procedures has significantly improved induction's safety and reliability in recent years. Aim and objectives: to contrast the effects of oxytocin infusions that are continuous with those that are intermittent during labor's active phase. Subjects and methods: 200 pregnant women participated in an interventional, randomised clinical research at El-Hussein University Hospital's Obstetrics and Gynecology Division. Two equal groups made up this study. Group (A): 100 pregnant women who had continuous oxytocin infusion labour induction made up …

Maternal Anemia And Fetal Doppler Indices In The Third Trimester Of Pregnancy, Mohamed Abu-Elfadle Mostafa, Abd El-Monem Mohamed Zakaria, Ahmed Mohamed Saeed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Complications for the mother and fetus are usually linked to maternal anemia. It may also cause a shift in fetal blood flow by decreasing the oxygen supply to the developing baby. Aim of the work: to assess the impact of maternal anemia on the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery Doppler indices in the third trimester of pregnancy. Patients and methods: This was a prospective case-control study on 200 pregnant women separated into 2 groups at El-Hussein University hospital: 100 pregnant women with varying degrees of anemia (Mild, Moderate, and Severe) were involved in Group I (the study group), …

Study The Correlation Between Placental Thickness And Fetal Weight, Samir Abdallah Ali, Abdel Monsef Abdel Ghaffar Mustafa, Ali Mohammed Ali

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; The placenta is around 3 cm thick at term when the cord is inserted in the third trimester. To measure placental thickness transabdominally, one must position an ultrasound transducer perpendicular to the placenta's plane. Aim and objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between placental thickness and foetal weight.

Patients and methods: 300 pregnant women participated in this cross-sectional prospective study, which was carried out at the Al-Hussein University Hospital's outpatient gynaecology clinic.

Results: The mean Placental thickness (mm) was 31.89 ± 7.50, and the mean fetal weight (gms) was 2272.91 ± 1379.07. The APGAR …

Clinical Audit Of Management Of Placenta Previa At International General Hospital, Mahmoud Ibrahim Almolakab Elrashidy, Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Fouad, Asmaa Mahmoud Ali Mohamed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; The internal cervical os is directly over or extremely close to the placenta in placenta previa (PP). The high rates of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality caused by PP place a significant burden on medical resources. The frequency of cases of PP and associated complications, such as placenta accreta (PA), will grow as maternal age and the prevalence of caesarean sections rise, Aim and objectives; to compare management of placenta previa to standard management according to international guidelines, Subjects and methods This study is a cross sectional observational study, was conducted at Luxor international hospital, gynecology and obstetrics …

Comparative Study Between Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy And Abdominal Hysterectomy In Management Of Benign Gynecological Conditions, Abdel Monem Mohamed Zakaria, Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed Saeed, Mohamed Othman El-Imam

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: In benign gynecological disorders, a laparoscopic hysterectomy may be preferable than an abdominal hysterectomy due to its possible benefits, such as shorter recovery times and less blood loss. Aim of the work: intended to evaluate the safety , benefits, and consequences of laparoscopic vs open hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases. Methodology: 50 cases were subjected to a thorough medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, and biopsies for suspicious pathology. cases separated into 2 groups of equal size. The 1st for trans-abdominal hysterectomy and the 2nd for complete LH. After surgery, patients were monitored for 6 months. Statistics …

Evaluation Of Cervical Gland Area As Sonographic Predictor Of Preterm Labor, Abdel Moneim Mohamed Zakaria, Yasser Mohamed Said Kamel Diab, Mohamed Hisham Salah Ahmed Aboul Fotouh

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Cervical assessment is a principal part of the prediction of PTL. The majority of tests assess cervical length and funnelling. The diminution in cervical length is an essential PTL criterion. The cervical gland area (CGA) is a unique ultrasonographic predictor of preterm birth. Collagen and proteoglycans are modified by the maturation of the cervical mucosa. Collagen disorganization, decreased collagen concentration & amplified water content are hallmarks of the development of the cervix. CGA vanishes from ultrasound imaging as a result of metabolic and water changes. In the second trimester, the absence of these glands can signify cervical maturity and …

Role Of Uterine Artery Doppler In The First-Trimester In Prediction Of Pre-Eclampsia., Abd El-Moneim Mohamed Zakaria, Ahmed Mohamed Saeed, 3abd El-Aziz Mohamed Abd El-Aziz

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Abnormal uteroplacental vasculature early in pregnancy may result in pre-eclampsia, which has linked to increased risk for serious morbidity or mortality. Doppler study of the uterine artery (UtA) as a standalone biomarker, using pulsatility index (PI) or notching, may help to identify the at-risk women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

Objective: This research aimed to assess the potential of 1st trimester UtA Doppler ultrasound for the early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, in at-risk pregnant cases.

Patients and methods: A prospective, observational, cohort investigation was conducted on 120 singleton viable pregnant cases at hazard for pre-eclampsia. Doppler ultrasound at (110/7–136/7) …

Extended Letrozole Regimen For Treatment Of Clomiphene Resistant Pco Patient, Yehia Wafa, Fahd Abdelal El-Omda, Mohammed Atef Mohammed Kamaly

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: About 1 in 15 women are affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a complex endocrine condition with a variety of causes. Excessive androgen secretion or activity is the primary endocrine disturbance, and aberrant insulin activity is seen in a large proportion of women. Aim and objectives: To contrast the efficacy of a prolonged letrozole treatment for treating clomiphene-resistant PCOS to that of a short letrozole therapy and a placebo. Subjects and methods: This prospective, interventional, research was done at Qena university hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology department. All cases were subdivided into three groups: Group (A): 40 patients took short …

A Comparative Study Of The Effects Of Clomiphene Citrate, Tamoxifen, And Letrozole On Endometrial Thickness During Ovulation Induction, Abdel Monem Mohammed Zakareya, Ahmed Mohammed Saeed, Ahmed Ibraheam Ali Taalab

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Infertility is described as married couple's incapability to conceive in 1 year despite regular marital life. This issue affects ten-fifteen percent of married couples worldwide, Aim: research's goal is to compare the effects of three drugs used to induce ovulation: clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, & letrozole. Regarding: Impact on endometrial blood flow. Impact on endometrial thickness in females with anovulatory infertility. Subject & Methods: The study had been carried out in Al Hussin Maternity Hospital and Military Production Specialized Hospital. Studied cases were drawn from our studied case infertility clinic. Results: Endometrial thickness, endometrial PI, and endometrial RI differ significantly …

Comparative Study Between 3d Sonography And Hysteroscopy In Assessment Of Uterine Cavity Of Infertile Women, Ahmed Taha Abdelfattah, Adel Aly Elboghdady, Mohamed Osama Mohamed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Introduction: Due to uterine anatomical anomalies, primary infertility, subsequent infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss are common in Egypt. Uterine causes of infertility including uterine anomalies are common. Both 3D ultrasonography and hysteroscopy had a diagnostic challenge for uterine anomalies. Aim: From 3D ultrasound to hysteroscopy which is more accurate in assessment of uterine cavity of infertile women?. Patients and methods: 100 women who were thought to have uterine reasons of infertility participated in this prospective randomized experiment. They were all submitted to a clinical examination, a history interview, an ultrasound, and a hysteroscopy. Results: Hysteroscopic examination of the included women; …

Using Vaginal Progesterone In Treatment Of Women With Threatened Miscarriage And Low Serum Progesterone Level, Mofeed Fawzy Mohamed, Mohamed Ahmed El Hagrasy, Ehab Magdy Okasha

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; The most frequent gynaecological emergency is threatened miscarriage, which is characterised by vaginal bleeding with or without abdominal pain in the early stages of pregnancy. 15-20% of pregnancies are affected by this disorder, and 20-25% of those finally end in spontaneous miscarriage. Investigation of the effects of vaginal progesterone use in TTT of women who are at risk of miscarriage and have low serum progesterone levels are the goal and objectives., Subjects and methods; On the campus of Al-Azhar University's Al-Hussein Hospitals, this experimental study was carried out.100 pregnant participants who were at risk for miscarriage were split into …

Progestin Versus Metformin And Progestin In Treatment Of Endometrial Hyperplasia Without Atypia In Premenopausal Women, Mohamed Mohamed Gebreel, Muhamed Ahmed Abdelmoaty, Mohamed Arafa El-Metwally

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia is a probable precursor to endometrial cancer and a main cause of severe abnormal bleeding. Recently, metformin has been proposed as an adjunctive medicine for improved outcome in treating EH. Metformin has been shown to have anticancer efficacy by reducing cell proliferation and slowing tumor growth, according to recent studies. Aim and objectives: to compare between progestin versus metformin and progestin in treatment of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia in premenopausal females. Subjects & methods This comparative randomized controlled experiment was conducted at Al-Hussein University Hospital, obstetrics and gynecology department on 60 premenopausal women diagnosed by endometrial hyperplasia …

Evaluation Of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Follicular Stimulating Hormone, Antral Follicle Count And Ovarian Volume As A Different Predictor For Ovarian Response In Cases Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Mohammed Hanafy Mustafa Saad, Yehia Abdel Salam Wafa, Ismael El Garhy, Mekky Abd El Monem

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Anti-mullerian hormone, also referred to as AMH, is a glycoprotein that belongs to the transforming growth factor-B family of proteins. Recent research has suggested that anti-mullerian hormone may be a useful indicator of ovarian follicular development. Its reliability super passes that of inhibin B, Estradiol & Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH). It demonstrates 4 biochemical parameters for follicular state that are not shared by the traditional hormone predictors.

Aim of the work: Primary goal of this research is to examine the connection that exists among different parameters (Anti-mullerian hormone, Follicular Stimulating Hormone, antral follicle count (AFC) and size of the …

Expression Levels Of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Protein In Preinvasive And Invasive Cervical Lesions And Its Clinicopathological Association: A North Indian Study, Rekha Sachan, Pushp L. Sachan, Ayushi Shukla, Malti Maurya, Munna L. Patel

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) play an important role in development of female genital cancers and metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze expression levels of MMP2 in various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervix and its association with clinicopathological variables. Patients and methods This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care center in Northern India over a period of 1 year. A total of 664 participants with gynecological complaints and unhealthy cervix were recruited for colposcopy. Of these, 70 biopsy samples were obtained from higher grade colposcopy lesions, where …

Comparison Between Forceps, Single Blade Forceps And Manual Extraction Of Fetal Head In Elective Caesarean Section: A Randomized Control Trial-Forceps Delivery In Cesarean Section, Abdelrahim Mohamed Abdelrahim, Ibrahim Abdelhamid Abousekein, Hosam Eldin Mohamad Alazazy

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Caesarean section is the maximum common and globally significant obstetric procedure, and this rate has been rising gradually. The birth of the foetal head can be accomplished through manual delivery or instrumental delivery, among other techniques. Aim of the work: To investigate the effects of three different methods of delivering the foetal head—manual delivery, forceps delivery with either a single or double blade, during an elective caesarean section—on patient perceptions of pain and pain scores, unintended extension of the uterine incision, uterine vessel injury, and neonatal outcomes. Patients and Methods: This study was a comparative study that was conducted …

Hypothyroidism In Women With Polycystic Ovary Disease, Ahmed Mahmoud Helal Mahmoud, Mohamed Mohamed Gebril, Eslam Elsaid Kamal

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background:The most prevalent endocrine condition in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which has systemic metabolic symptoms and neuroendocrine-immunity disruption,Objective: was to find the incidence of hypothyroidism in PCOS patients, the link between PCOS and hypothyroidism in terms of clinical and laboratory markers, and the correlation between PCOS and thyroid autoimmunity in matched euthyroid controls.Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 113 women diagnosed as PCO who were diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria and followed up at Al- Hussein hospital &Al-Azhar University hospitals in the period of 8 months from April 2021 to December 2021.Results: …

Relation Between Fetal Doppler Indices In Patients With Severe Preeclampsia At Or Above 34 Weeks Of Gestation And Neonatal Outcomes, Mohammed Mohammed Gebril, Ahmed Mohammed El Sadek, Mohammed Adel Mostafa

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Non-invasive Doppler flow velocimetry of the umbilical artery and cerebral circulation is utilized to measure fetal well-being. Doppler scans are more precise and might be a beneficial tool in predicting a negative perinatal outcomes in high-risk individuals, Aim and objectives: to evaluate the relation between the results of the uterine and fetal Doppler Indices of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries in Women with Severe Eclampsia at or above 34 Weeks of Gestation and Neonatal Outcomes, Subjects and methods: This case-control research included 100 pregnant women who visited Al-Azhar University Hospital's obstetrics and gynecology department. They were split into …

Accuracy Of Ultrasound In The Diagnosis Of Lateral And Posterior Invasion In Patients With Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders, Yousef Elsheshtawy Elsheshtawy Salama, Abd El-Moneim Mohamed Zakaria, Yasser Mohamed Said Kamel Diab

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: A placenta's improper attachment to the uterine wall is known as placenta accreta (PA). Ultrasound and MRI are used to make the diagnosis. Skilled ultrasound operators with placenta accreta spectrum experience produce accurate images. Aim: to prospectively evaluate a cohort of patients at high-risk of PAS using specific ultrasound signs derived from the criteria proposed by the EW-AIP. Patients and Methods: The present study is an observational cross sectional analytic study which was conducted at Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University on 100 women who were recruited from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and outpatient clinics. …

The Implications Of Cholecalciferol Supplement On Prevention Of Preeclampsia In Past Preeclamptic Pregnant Women, Fahd Abdel-Aal Elomda, Ahmed Mohammed Saeed, Mahmoud Abdelatif Hashish, Hany Abdelhakim Abdelrahman, Mohamed Samir Mohamed Mosa

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is characterized by edema, proteinuria, and hypertension (≥0.3 g/24 h of protein in the urine (1+ dipstick) on two separate occasions, spaced ≥six hours apart). It complicates 2% to 8% of pregnancies and is a significant source of maternal and neonatal illness and death. Eclampsia, diffuse intravascular coagulation, and the HELLP syndrome are among the side effects of PE. Fetal death and IUGR are risks to the fetus. Clinical research has linked low vitamin D levels to unfavorable pregnancy results because vitamin D is crucial throughout pregnancy. Aim: The study's objective is to assess the impact of …

Comparative Study Between Laparoscopy And Laparotomy In Management Of Ovarian Cancer, Mostafa Hussein Hegab, Maged Mohamed Labib, Mohamed Abdullah Abdalhamid El-Esawy

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: Cancer ovary is the most fatal malignancy of the female genital tract. Surgery and chemotherapy are the pillars of management. Laparoscopic surgical management of ovarian cancer increased in the last years. Aim of the Work: to compare the safety and morbidity of laparoscopy and conventional laparotomy in management of ovarian cancer. Patients and Methods: This retrospective and prospective study was conducted on ovarian cancer patients in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Armed Forces Hospitals (Al Maadi military hospital Gyne-oncology unit) during the period from January 2018 till November 2022. This study included 80 patients with ovarian cancer divided into …

A Comparative Study Between Effect Of Clomiphene Citrate And Letrozole On Endometrial Vascular Indices In Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Abdel-Monem Mohammed Zakaria, Yasser Mohammed Said Diab, Mohammed Abdo Mekhamer Abdel-Monem

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background; Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of common causes of infertility in reproductive-age females. Clomiphene citrate & letrozole are commonly used to induce ovulation, although they are antiestrogenic. Aim and objectives; to assess the role of clomiphene citrate & letrozole in helping ovulation and conception to occur and their impact on the receptivity of the endometrium of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients, Subjects and methods; In this study there were two groups of anovulatory PCOS patients each group included 50 patients who attended Al-Hussein University Hospital outpatient infertility and Gynecology clinic during the period from March 2022 till September 2022. All …

Comparative Study Between Immediate Versus Post Puerperium Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Insertion During Caesarean Section, Mohamed Mohamed Gebreel, Samir Khamis Galal, Tamer Mohsen Elnahas, Hany Mohammed Mohammed Abo Hamed

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Background: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a reliable reversible method of birth control. We assessed the effectiveness and security of cesarean delivery immediate postplacental IUD implantation. A long-term, reversible method of birth control is the copper intrauterine device, or IUD. Typically, copper IUDs are constructed of T-shaped plastic with certain areas exposed copper. Women had few long-term choices for safe, effective birth control prior to the development of the first IUDs. These largely relied on oral birth control pills and barrier techniques, which were only effective when taken appropriately and regularly.

Aim: The study's objective was to evaluate the effectiveness …

Middle Cerebral Artery And Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices In Pre-Gestational Diabetic Versus Normal Pregnancies And Their Values In Predicting Adverse Neonatal Outcome, Mofeed Fawzy Mohamed, Eslam El Sayed Sultan, Amir Eid Mahmoud

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

Introduction: In the US, 6-7% of pregnancies are complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is divided into gestational diabetes (DM) and pre-gestational diabetes (PGDM) (GDM).Aim: The study's objective was to evaluate how pregestational diabetes mellitus affected foetal middle cerebral and umbilical arteries.Doppler indicators to identify potential negative neonatal outcomes. Patients and methods: The El Galaa Teaching Hospital and Al Hussien Hospital both participated in this comparative cross-sectional study. The current study included 120 patients, divided into two groups, who travelled to Al Hussien Hospital and El Galaa Teaching Hospital between October 2021 and the study's conclusion. Study group and the …