Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Review Of Baobab (Adansonia Digitata) Products: Effect Of Processing Techniques, Medicinal Properties And Uses, Donatien Kabore, Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani, Bréhima Diawara, Clarise Compaoré, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof., Mogens Jacobsen

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

A general literature review including the effect of processing techniques, medicinal value and uses of baobab tree is reported in this manuscript. Baobab tree has multi-purpose uses, as it produces food and non-food products such as medicines, fuel, timber, fodder. Every part of the baobab tree is reported to be useful. The seeds, leaves, roots, flowers, fruit pulp and bark of baobab are edible. Baobab leaves are used in the preparation of soup. Seeds are used as a thickening agent in soups, but they can be fermented and used as a flavouring agent or roasted and eaten as snacks. The …

Map Kinases Couple Hindbrain-Derived Catecholamine Signals To Hypothalamic Adrenocortical Control Mechanisms During Glycemia-Related Challenges, Arshad M. Khan, Kimberly L. Kaminski, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Todd A. Ponzio, J. Brent Kuzmiski, Jaideep S. Bains, Alan G. Watts

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Substrate Envelope And Drug Resistance: Crystal Structure Of Ro1 In Complex With Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease, Moses Prabu-Jeyabalan, Nancy M. King, Ellen A. Nalivaika, Gabrielle Heilek-Snyder, Nick Cammack, Celia A. Schiffer

Celia A. Schiffer

In our previous crystallographic studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease-substrate complexes, we described a conserved "envelope" that appears to be important for substrate recognition and the selection of drug-resistant mutations. In this study, the complex of HIV-1 protease with the inhibitor RO1 was determined and comparison with the substrate envelope provides a rationale for mutational patterns.

Introducing Functional Data Analysis To Neuroimaging, And Vice Versa, Philip T. Reiss

Philip T. Reiss

No abstract provided.

Mcnamara 2011 Mpmicro - Multi-Probe Microscopy (10/31/2011), George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Multi-Probe Microscopy is an ~1500 page Word document summarizing what I know and/or found interesting in light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and digital image analysis, from 1995-2005. Very little has been updated since 2005.

Proliferation Of Acid-Secretory Cells In The Kidney During Adaptive Remodelling Of The Collecting Duct, Desa Welsh-Bacic, Marta Nowik, Brigitte Kaissling, Carsten A. Wagner

Desa Welsh

The renal collecting duct adapts to changes in acid-base metabolism by remodelling and altering the relative number of acid or alkali secreting cells, a phenomenon termed plasticity. Acid secretory A intercalated cells (A-IC) express apical H+-ATPases and basolateral bicarbonate exchanger AE1 whereas bicarbonate secretory B intercalated cells (B-IC) express basolateral (and apical) H+-ATPases and the apical bicarbonate exchanger pendrin. Intercalated cells were thought to be terminally differentiated and unable to proliferate. However, a recent report in mouse kidney suggested that intercalated cells may proliferate and that this process is in part dependent on GDF-15. Here we extend these observations to …

Heifer Estrous Cycle Stage Impacts Luteinizing And Growth Hormone Response To Kisspeptin, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Robyn R. Wilborn, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

The reproductive neuropeptide, kisspeptin (KP), may have a role in regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion. Expression of KP and its receptor (Kiss1r) are developmentally and hormonally regulated. This study was conducted to determine the effects of KP on plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and GH in pubertal heifers during different functional reproductive stages. Heifers received a single injection of KP (100 pmole / kg) or saline intravenously during proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, and serial blood samples were collected for 3 hours to determine the response of both LH and GH after treatment. Mean concentrations of LH were increased …

Disclosure Of Clinical Trial Results When Product Development Is Abandoned, Michael A. Rogawski, Howard J. Federoff

Michael A. Rogawski

Currently, sponsors are not required to report the outcomes of clinical research on drugs or devices that do not lead to an approved product. Consequently, the public cannot benefit from scientific information derived from all failed or abandoned drugs and devices. Provisions in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 provide an opportunity for the Department of Health and Human Services to rectify this situation. By reporting the results of clinical trials of abandoned products in a publicly accessible database and in the peer-reviewed journal literature, sponsors would satisfy a core ethical obligation of clinical research and …

Orbital Disorders, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan

Balasubramanian Thiagarajan

Introduction: The effects caused by orbital diseases are governed by: 1. Pathophysiology of the disease process 2. Anatomic pattern of involvement (location of the lesion). This is more evident from the fact that small tumors of orbital apex causes early symptoms due to involvement of 2,3,4,5 and 6th cranial nerves. These patients will also manifest with progressive vision loss during early course of the lesion. Laterally placed orbital Meningiomas cause features of superior orbital syndrome which could manifest before or along with loss of visual acuity.

Non-Viral Enos Gene Delivery And Transfection With Stents For The Treatment Of Restenosis, Luis A. Brito, Saradha Chandrasekhar, Steven R. Little, Mansoor M. Amiji

Mansoor M. Amiji

Background In this study, we have examined local non-viral gene delivery, transfection, and therapeutic efficacy of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) encoding plasmid DNA administered using coated stents in a rabbit iliac artery restenosis model. Methods Lipopolyplexes (LPPs) with eNOS expressing plasmid DNA were immobilized on stainless steel stents using poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and type B gelatin coatings. The gene-eluting stents were implanted bilaterally in the denuded iliac arteries and eNOS transfection and therapeutic efficacy were examined 14 days after implantation. Results The results show that non-viral lipopolyplex-coated stents can efficiently tranfect eNOS locally in the arterial lumen assessed by PCR …

Role Of Hypoxia And Glycolysis In The Development Of Multi-Drug Resistance In Human Tumor Cells And The Establishment Of An Orthotopic Multi-Drug Resistant Tumor Model In Nude Mice Using Hypoxic Pre-Conditioning, Lara Milane, Zhenfeng Duan, Mansoor M. Amiji

Mansoor M. Amiji

Background The development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer is a significant challenge in the clinical treatment of recurrent disease. Hypoxia is an environmental selection pressure that contributes to the development of MDR. Many cancer cells, including MDR cells, resort to glycolysis for energy acquisition. This study aimed to explore the relationship between hypoxia, glycolysis, and MDR in a panel of human breast and ovarian cancer cells. A second aim of this study was to develop an orthotopic animal model of MDR breast cancer. Methods Nucleic and basal protein was extracted from a panel of human breast and ovarian cancer cells; …

Effect Of Kisspeptin On Regulation Of Growth Hormone, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Robyn R. Wilborn, Herris S. Maxwell, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Kisspeptin ( KP ), a neuroendocrine regulator of reproduction, is hypothesized to be an integrator of metabolism and hormones critical to the regulation of reproduction. Lactation is associated with enhanced growth hormone (GH) responsiveness and reduced fertility. Our study was designed to determine the effects of lactation on KP-stimulated GH and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Five non-lactating and five lactating dairy cows were used in the study. Experiments were conducted with lactating cows at weeks 1, 5 and 11 after parturition. The experimental treatments ( saline and KP [100 and 400 pmol / kg body weight]) were given intravenously and …

Assessment Of Immune Function After Short-Term Administration Of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone In Healthy Young Males, Sandra B. Ramos, Ekua W. Brenu, Rhys Christy, A. Bon Gray, Lars Mcnaughton, Lotti Tajouri, Mieke Van Driel, Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Growth hormone (GH) is a commonly used drug aimed at improving sport performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of short-term administration of recombinant GH (rhGH) in healthy young males. NK cell number, activity and phenotype, T cell number, CD4+ (Th1/Th2) cytokine production of IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNF-a and IFN-y and CD4+/CD8+ ratio with particular attention to the possible correlation to IGF-I production were investigated. 30 males (27 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 15) or drug (rhGH) 1 mg/day groups (n = 15) with daily injection for 7 days. …

Assessment Of Immune Function After Short-Term Administration Of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone In Healthy Young Males, Sandra B. Ramos, Ekua W. Brenu, Rhys Christy, A. Bon Gray, Lars Mcnaughton, Lotti Tajouri, Mieke Van Driel, Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik

Lotti Tajouri

Growth hormone (GH) is a commonly used drug aimed at improving sport performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of short-term administration of recombinant GH (rhGH) in healthy young males. NK cell number, activity and phenotype, T cell number, CD4+ (Th1/Th2) cytokine production of IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNF-a and IFN-y and CD4+/CD8+ ratio with particular attention to the possible correlation to IGF-I production were investigated. 30 males (27 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 15) or drug (rhGH) 1 mg/day groups (n = 15) with daily injection for 7 days. …

Assessment Of Immune Function After Short-Term Administration Of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone In Healthy Young Males, Sandra B. Ramos, Ekua W. Brenu, Rhys Christy, A. Bon Gray, Lars Mcnaughton, Lotti Tajouri, Mieke Van Driel, Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik

A. Bon Gray

Growth hormone (GH) is a commonly used drug aimed at improving sport performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of short-term administration of recombinant GH (rhGH) in healthy young males. NK cell number, activity and phenotype, T cell number, CD4+ (Th1/Th2) cytokine production of IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNF-a and IFN-y and CD4+/CD8+ ratio with particular attention to the possible correlation to IGF-I production were investigated. 30 males (27 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 15) or drug (rhGH) 1 mg/day groups (n = 15) with daily injection for 7 days. …

Características Demográficas E Ocupacionais Do Estudante-Trabalhador De Enfermagem E O Risco De Acidentes De Trabalho / Demographical And Occupational Characteristics Of The Student-Worker Of Nursing And The Risk Of Accidents At Work, Everton Fernando Alves

Everton Fernando Alves

Os estudantes-trabalhadores da enfermagem estão expostos a inúmeros acidentes de trabalho devido à dupla jornada, trabalho e estudo, que afeta o estilo de vida e o estado biopsicoemocional. Objetivou-se neste estudo realizar uma discussão de caráter introdutório sobre a análise de algumas características demográficas e ocupacionais de estudantes-trabalhadores de enfermagem e suas relações com o riscode acidentes de trabalho. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório, descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa de dados. Fizeram parte da amostra 88 estudantes-trabalhadores do curso de enfermagem regularmente matriculados do1º ao 4º ano. Observou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados eram mulheres (65,9%), com idades acima de 25 …

Neural Correlates Of The Implicit Association Test: Evidence For Semantic And Emotional Processing, Jason R. Themanson, John K. Williams

Jason R. Themanson, Ph.D

The Effect Of Kisspeptin Receptor Agonist (Ftm080) On Luteinizing Hormone In Sheep, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Maria Hes, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin, S. Oishi, N. Fujii

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) agonists with increased half-life and similar efficacy to kisspeptin (KP) in vitro potentially may provide beneficial applications in breeding management of many species. However, many of these agonists have not been tested in vivo. This study was designed to test the effect of a Kiss1r agonist (FTM080) on luteinizing hormone (LH) in vivo. Sheep were treated with FTM080 (500 pmol/kg BW) or sterile water in a 2-ml bolus via the jugular cannula. Serial blood samples were collected every 15-min before (1 hr) and after (1 hr) treatment. Intravenous (IV) injection of FTM080 increased (P < 0.05) LH plasma concentrations through the 45-min sample following treatment. Moreover, the area under the curve of LH in the period from 0 to 60-min following FTM080 treatment was also increased (P < 0.05). These data provide evidence to suggest that FTM080 stimulates the gonadotropic axis of ruminants in vivo.

The Use Of Imputed Values In The Meta-Analysis Of Genome-Wide Association Studies., Shuo Jiao, Li Hsu, Carolyn Hutter, Ulrike Peters

Shuo Jiao

In genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it is a common practice to impute the genotypes of untyped single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by exploiting the linkage disequilibrium structure among SNPs. The use of imputed genotypes improves genome coverage and makes it possible to perform meta-analysis combining results from studies genotyped on different platforms. A popular way of using imputed data is the "expectation-substitution" method, which treats the imputed dosage as if it were the true genotype. In current practice, the estimates given by the expectation-substitution method are usually combined using inverse variance weighting (IVM) scheme in meta-analysis. However, the IVM is not …

Meta-Analysis Of New Genome-Wide Association Studies Of Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Shuo Jiao

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified novel susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer. To follow up on these findings, and try to identify novel colorectal cancer susceptibility loci, we present results for GWAS of colorectal cancer (2,906 cases, 3,416 controls) that have not previously published main associations. Specifically, we calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using log-additive models for each study. In order to improve our power to detect novel colorectal cancer susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis combining the results across studies. We selected the …

11beta-Hydroxylase Inhibitors Protect Against Seizures In Mice By Increasing Endogenous Neurosteroid Synthesis, Rafal Kaminski, Michael Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1; EC 1.14.15.4) is a mitochondrial enzyme located in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex and also in the brain that mediates the conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) to corticosterone. Inhibitors of CYP11B1, such as metyrapone and etomidate, reduce glucocorticoid synthesis and raise levels of DOC providing greater availability for metabolic conversion to the GABA-A receptor modulating neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC). Because THDOC is potent anticonvulsant, it is plausible that CYP11B1 inhibitors could protect against seizures. Here we demonstrate that metyrapone affords dose-dependent protection against 6-Hz seizures 30 min after injection (ED50, 191 mg/kg), but …

Self-Assembled Rippling Structure Based On Metal-Elastomer Composite For Tunable Plasmonics, Fang-Tzu Chuang

Fang-Tzu Chuang

We demonstrate that a periodic metallic wavy-structure can be easily fabricated on elastomeric polydymethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The metallic wavy-structures are self-assembly formed by thermal evaporation of Ag on PDMS without any lithography processes. The size of the PDMS substrate with an aspect ratio (the ratio of length to width) higher than 2 are found to be necessary to self-assemble the one-dimensional metallic wavy-structure. The period of the wavy-structure is controllable by varing the thickness of the deposited silver film. The elastomeric- gratings can excite surface plasmon on Ag/air interfaces; the resonant wavelength can be tuned to a range of 3.5% …

Science Boot Camp For Librarians: Cpd On A Shoestring, Maxine G. Schmidt, Rebecca Reznik-Zellen

Maxine G Schmidt

Science Boot Camp for Librarians was envisioned as a casual but intensive immersion event into selected scientific subjects that employ networked computing capabilities for research and collaboration. The goal of the event is to provide librarians with networking opportunities, but more importantly, to give them some of the context and ocabulary of a discipline to enable them to better engage faculty and research scientists with regard to escience. A half-day is devoted to each of three topics chosen for that year’s camp. A local faculty member provides an overview of the research area, and a second describes a single project …

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Essential Oil And Methanol Extract Of Matricaria Chamomilla L. From Djibouti, Fatouma M. Abdoul-Latif, Mohamed Nabil, Prosper Edou, Adwa A. Ali, Samatar O. Djama, Louis-Clément Obamé, Mamoudou H. Dicko Prof.

Pr. Mamoudou H. DICKO, PhD

The essential oil and methanol extracts of Matricaria Chamomilla L. were subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by two complementary test systems, namely 2,2-diphenykpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. BHT was used as positive control in both test systems. In the DPPH test system, the IC50 values of essential oil and methanol extracts were 4.18 and 1.83 μg/ml, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid system, oxidation was effectively inhibited by M. Chamomilla, the RAA value of essential oil and methanol extracts were 12.69 and 11.37 %, respectively. When compared to BHT, the essential oil and methanol …

Expansion And Preservation Of Multipotentiality Of Rabbit Bone-Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Dextran-Based Microcarrier Spin Culture, Tunku Sara Ahmad

Tunku Sara Ahmad

The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair and regeneration despite their multipotentiality has been limited by their cell source quantity and decelerating proliferative yield efficiency. A study was thus undertaken to determine the feasibility of using microcarrier beads in spinner flask cultures for MSCs expansion and compared to that of conventional monolayer cultures and static microcarrier cultures. Isolation and characterization of bone marrow derived MSCs were conducted from six adult New Zealand white rabbits. Analysis of cell morphology on microcarriers and culture plates at different time points (D0, D3, D10, D14) during cell culture were performed using …

Massively Parallel Nonparametrics [Hds 2011 Slides], Philip T. Reiss, Lei Huang

Philip T. Reiss

No abstract provided.

Comparative Analysis Of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation And Other Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review, Sangeetha Naveen, Noorzurani Robson Associate Prof. Dr., Tunku Kamarul

Associate Prof. Dr. Noorzurani Robson

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze and determine the effectiveness of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) when compared with other treatment modalities which includes microfracture, mosaicplasty, abrasionplasty, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) and matrix assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). Methods: Literature search using online databases PubMed, Scopus, National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and Cochrane Controlled Trial Register regarding all cell based therapies and other interventions for chondral lesions was explored. Data on clinical outcome and repair quality were analyzed. Duplicates and irrelevant articles were omitted. Result: Seventeen (n=17) studies were included in this …

Social Marketing, Stages Of Change, And Public Health Smoking Interventions, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

As a "thought experiment," the authors used a modified stages of change model for smoking to define homogeneous segments within various hypothetical populations. The authors then estimated the population effect of public health interventions that targeted the different segments. Under most assumptions, interventions that emphasized primary and secondary prevention, by targeting the Never Smoker, Maintenance, or Action segments, resulted in the highest nonsmoking life expectancy. This result is consistent with both social marketing and public health principles. Although the best thing for an individual smoker is to stop smoking, the greatest public health benefit is achieved by interventions that target …

Type, Content, And Source Of Social Support Perceived By Women During Pregnancy: Evidence From Matlab, Bangladesh, Joyce K. Edmonds, Moni Paul, Lynn M. Sibley

Joyce K. Edmonds

Specific and contextualized data on social support during distinct health events are needed to improve social support interventions. This study identified the type, content, and source of social support perceived by women during pregnancy. In-depth interviews with 25 women, aged 18-49 years, living in Matlab, Bangladesh, were conducted. The findings demonstrated that women perceived, the receipt of eight distinct types of support. The four most frequently-mentioned types included: practical help with routine activities, information/advice, emotional support and assurance, as well as the provision of resources and material goods. Sources varied by type of support and most frequently included--mothers, mothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, …

Flexible Dependence Of Functional Responses On Scalar Predictors, Philip T. Reiss, Lei Huang

Philip T. Reiss

No abstract provided.