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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
A Mechanistically Guided Approach To Treatment Of Multi-Wavelet Reentry: Experiments In A Computational Model Of Cardiac Propagation, Richard T. Carrick
A Mechanistically Guided Approach To Treatment Of Multi-Wavelet Reentry: Experiments In A Computational Model Of Cardiac Propagation, Richard T. Carrick
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the United States today. However, treatment options remain limited despite the enormous magnitude of both AF prevalence and the associated economic cost. Of those treatment options that are available, ablation-based interventional methods have demonstrated the highest rates of long-term cure. Unfortunately, these methods have substantially lower efficacy in patients with heavier burdens of disease, thus leaving the most affected individuals with the least hope for successful treatment.
The focus of this research is to develop a mechanistically guided approach towards the treatment of multi-wavelet reentry (MWR), one of the primary …
Role Of Interleukin-6 In Cd4 And Cd8 T Cell Effector Functions, Rui Yang
Role Of Interleukin-6 In Cd4 And Cd8 T Cell Effector Functions, Rui Yang
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of many immunological diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic asthma, as well as the protection against infections caused by various pathogens. These are linked to its role in regulating CD4 T cell differentiation and effector function.
Most of these functions are dependent on the IL-6-mediated signaling through the transcription factor Stat3. In this thesis, we identify a novel molecular mechanism by which IL-6 regulates CD4 T cell effector function. We show that IL-6-dependent signal raises the levels of mitochondrial Ca2+ late during activation of CD4 T …
A Role For Transforming Growth Factor-Beta In Urinary Bladder Dysfunction With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis, Eric James Gonzalez
A Role For Transforming Growth Factor-Beta In Urinary Bladder Dysfunction With Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis, Eric James Gonzalez
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by at least six weeks of lower urinary tract symptoms and unpleasant sensations (pain, pressure and discomfort) thought to be related to the urinary bladder and not meeting exclusion criteria. While the etiology is not known, BPS/IC may involve a "vicious circle" of uroepithelial dysfunction, inflammation and peripheral and central sensitization. We propose that the urinary bladder inflammatory insult partly mediates voiding dysfunction and visceral neurogenic pain characteristic of BPS/IC. Several studies from our laboratory have already demonstrated the role(s) of cytokines and their downstream targets in the …
Modeling The Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Cells In The Lung, Joshua Jeremy Pothen
Modeling The Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Cells In The Lung, Joshua Jeremy Pothen
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Multiple research problems related to the lung involve a need to take into account the spatiotemporal dynamics of the underlying component cells. Two such problems involve better understanding the nature of the allergic inflammatory response to explore what might cause chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, and determining the rules underlying stem cells used to engraft decellularized lung scaffolds in the hopes of growing new lungs for transplantation. For both problems, we model the systems computationally using agent-based modeling, a tool that enables us to capture these spatiotemporal dynamics by modeling any biological system as a collection of agents (cells) …
Nurse Practitioners' Discussion Of Sexual Identity, Attraction And Behavior, Sarah J. Mclaughlin
Nurse Practitioners' Discussion Of Sexual Identity, Attraction And Behavior, Sarah J. Mclaughlin
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
ABSTRACT
Background: Sexual orientation is comprised of distinct components, including sexual identity, sexual attraction and sexual behavior. Lesbian, gay and bisexual adolescents are at an increased risk of experiencing poor health outcomes compared to non-sexual minority youth. Health care professional organizations recommend that health care providers discuss each component of sexual orientation at every adolescent health supervision visits in order to best assess the adolescent's health risks and needs for intervention and education.
Objective: This survey assessed the frequency with which nurse practitioners (NPs) in the state of Vermont discussed sexual identity, attraction and behavior with adolescents during annual health …
Telemedicine Enhances Communication In The Intensive Care Unit, Prema Ramachandran Menon
Telemedicine Enhances Communication In The Intensive Care Unit, Prema Ramachandran Menon
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are critically ill and often at extremely high risk of death. These patients receive aggressive interventions to prolong their lives. Despite these measures, many patients still succumb to their illness. Although ICU physicians are good at predicting which patients have a high risk of mortality, they are still offering interventions that do not prolong life, but potentially cause more suffering at the end of life. This is because there is a lack of high quality and early communication to discuss prognosis and establish patients' goals of care. This gap in communication is …
Epicardial Cell Engraftment And Signaling Promote Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction, Krithika Rao
Epicardial Cell Engraftment And Signaling Promote Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction, Krithika Rao
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The epicardium is a single layer of epithelial (mesothelial) cells that covers the entire heart surface, but whose function in adult mammals is poorly understood. Defining the role of epicardial cells during homeostasis, growth and injury has potential to provide new treatment strategies for human diseases that result in heart failure, due to extensive loss of viable cardiac tissue. We hypothesized that epicardial cells contribute to repair as transplantable progenitor cells for cellular regeneration and as a source of secreted growth factors for cell protection after myocardial infarction.
Adult epicardial cells were prospectively isolated as uncommitted epithelial cells using epithelial-specific …
Impact Of Acl Injury On Patellar Cartilage Thickness, Ethan Leveillee
Impact Of Acl Injury On Patellar Cartilage Thickness, Ethan Leveillee
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
ACL injury has been shown to have long-lasting and severe consequences on the different structures of the knee such as the articular cartilage and meniscus. Cartilage thickness changes in particular are indicative of osteoarthritic changes in the tibiofemoral joint. While there has been significant research focused on cartilage changes of the tibia and femur, there has been little work looking at patellar cartilage. The following goals were set forth for this study. First, to establish a robust coordinate system to accurately determine the location and orientation of the patella. Secondly, to determine the effects of ACL injury on patellar cartilage …
Reducing Preventable Hospitalizations: A Study Of Two Models Of Transitional Care, Jessica Morrison
Reducing Preventable Hospitalizations: A Study Of Two Models Of Transitional Care, Jessica Morrison
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Purpose: Transitional care is an emerging model of health care designed to decrease preventable adverse events and associated utilization of healthcare through temporary follow-up after hospital discharge. This study describes the approach and outcomes of two transitional care programs: one is provided by masters-prepared clinical nurse specialists (CNS) with a chronic disease self-management focus, another by physicians specializing in palliative care (PPC). Existing research has shown that transitional care programs with intensive follow up reduce hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and costs. Few studies, however, have included side-by-side comparisons of the efficacy of transitional care programs varying by health care providers …
Regulation Of Middle Meningeal Artery Diameter By Pacap And Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels, Arsalan Urrab Syed
Regulation Of Middle Meningeal Artery Diameter By Pacap And Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels, Arsalan Urrab Syed
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Migraine is one of the most prevalent contributors to the global burden of mental and neurological disorders. It is a complex episodic condition that presents as intense recurrent unilateral headaches lasting hours to days that can be accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia and other neurological symptoms. The causes of migraine appear multifactorial and are not fully understood. However, activation of the trigeminovascular system and sphenopalatine parasympathetic neurons and the resulting vasodilation of meningeal arteries have been associated with the development of migraine pain. Recently, the neurotransmitter and neurotrophic peptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in this …
Maternal Hypertension Influences Mortality And Severe Morbidity In Infants Born Extremely Preterm, Carole Anne Mcbride
Maternal Hypertension Influences Mortality And Severe Morbidity In Infants Born Extremely Preterm, Carole Anne Mcbride
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Worldwide, more than 1 million infants die as a result of premature birth. In the United States, where 1 in 10 births occurs preterm, premature birth is the leading cause of infant mortality. Premature infants have high rates of mortality and morbidity, with the highest rates seen in those infants born extremely preterm -- prior to 30 weeks gestation. Severe morbidity in these infants often contributes to life-long health problems. Maternal hypertension (HTN) is one contributor to preterm birth and also contributes to fetal growth restriction, resulting in birth weights which are small for gestational age (SGA, and generally within …