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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Probiotics: Finding The Right Regulatory Balance, Diane E. Hoffmann, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Frank B. Palumbo, Jacques Ravel, Karen H. Rothenberg, Virginia Rowthorn
Probiotics: Finding The Right Regulatory Balance, Diane E. Hoffmann, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Frank B. Palumbo, Jacques Ravel, Karen H. Rothenberg, Virginia Rowthorn
Faculty Scholarship
Some products marketed as drugs should be excused from Phase I trials, but safety and efficacy claims for dietary supplements should be more tightly regulated.
Active Prospective Control Is Required For Effective Sensorimotor Learning, Winona Snapp-Childs, Elizabeth Casserly, Mark Mon-Williams, Geoffrey Bingham
Active Prospective Control Is Required For Effective Sensorimotor Learning, Winona Snapp-Childs, Elizabeth Casserly, Mark Mon-Williams, Geoffrey Bingham
Faculty Scholarship
Passive modeling of movements is often used in movement therapy to overcome disabilities caused by stroke or other disorders (e.g. Developmental Coordination Disorder or Cerebral Palsy). Either a therapist or, recently, a specially designed robot moves or guides the limb passively through the movement to be trained. In contrast, action theory has long suggested that effective skill acquisition requires movements to be actively generated. Is this true? In view of the former, we explicitly tested the latter. Previously, a method was developed that allows children with Developmental Coordination Disorder to produce effective movements actively, so as to improve manual performance …
Ketogenic Diets And Pain [Post-Print], Susan A. Masino, David N. Ruskin
Ketogenic Diets And Pain [Post-Print], Susan A. Masino, David N. Ruskin
Faculty Scholarship
Ketogenic diets are well established as a successful anticonvulsant therapy. Based on overlap between mechanisms postulated to underlie pain and inflammation, and mechanisms postulated to underlie therapeutic effects of ketogenic diets, recent studies have explored the ability for ketogenic diets to reduce pain. Here we review clinical and basic research thus far exploring the impact of a ketogenic diet on thermal pain, inflammation, and neuropathic pain.
Homeostatic Control Of Brain Function – New Approaches To Understand Epileptogenesis, Detlev Boison, Ursula S. Sandau, David N. Ruskin, Masahito Kawamura Jr., Susan A. Masino
Homeostatic Control Of Brain Function – New Approaches To Understand Epileptogenesis, Detlev Boison, Ursula S. Sandau, David N. Ruskin, Masahito Kawamura Jr., Susan A. Masino
Faculty Scholarship
Neuronal excitability of the brain and ongoing homeostasis depend not only on intrinsic neuronal properties, but also on external environmental factors; together these determine the functionality of neuronal networks. Homeostatic factors become critically important during epileptogenesis, a process that involves complex disruption of self-regulatory mechanisms. Here we focus on the bioenergetic homeostatic network regulator adenosine, a purine nucleoside whose availability is largely regulated by astrocytes. Endogenous adenosine modulates complex network function through multiple mechanisms including adenosine receptor-mediated pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and adenosine receptor-independent changes to the epigenome. Accumulating evidence from our laboratories shows that disruption of adenosine homeostasis plays a …
Ketogenic Diet Improves Core Symptoms Of Autism In Btbr Mice, David N. Ruskin, Julia Svedova, Jessica Cote, Ursula Sandau, Jong M. Rho, Masahito Kawamura Jr., Detlev Boison, Susan A. Masino
Ketogenic Diet Improves Core Symptoms Of Autism In Btbr Mice, David N. Ruskin, Julia Svedova, Jessica Cote, Ursula Sandau, Jong M. Rho, Masahito Kawamura Jr., Detlev Boison, Susan A. Masino
Faculty Scholarship
Autism spectrum disorders share three core symptoms: impaired sociability, repetitive behaviors and communication deficits. Incidence is rising, and current treatments are inadequate. Seizures are a common comorbidity, and since the 1920’s a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been used to treat epilepsy. Evidence suggests the ketogenic diet and analogous metabolic approaches may benefit diverse neurological disorders. Here we show that a ketogenic diet improves autistic behaviors in the BTBR mouse. Juvenile BTBR mice were fed standard or ketogenic diet for three weeks and tested for sociability, self-directed repetitive behavior, and communication. In separate experiments, spontaneous intrahippocampal EEGs and tests of …
Ketogenic Diets And Thermal Pain: Dissociation Of Hypoalgesia, Elevated Ketones, And Lowered Glucose In Rats [Post-Print], David N. Ruskin, Tracy A.C.S. Suter, Jessica Ross, Susan A. Masino
Ketogenic Diets And Thermal Pain: Dissociation Of Hypoalgesia, Elevated Ketones, And Lowered Glucose In Rats [Post-Print], David N. Ruskin, Tracy A.C.S. Suter, Jessica Ross, Susan A. Masino
Faculty Scholarship
Ketogenic diets (KDs) are high-fat, low-carbohydrate formulations effective in treating medically refractory epilepsy, and recently we demonstrated lowered sensitivity to thermal pain in rats fed a KD for 3 to 4 weeks. Regarding anticonvulsant and hypoalgesic mechanisms, theories are divided as to direct effects of increased ketones and/or decreased glucose, metabolic hallmarks of these diets. To address this point, we characterized the time course of KD-induced thermal hypoalgesia, ketosis, and lowered glucose in young male rats fed ad libitum on normal chow or KDs. A strict 6.6:1 (fat:[carbohydrates + protein], by weight) KD increased blood ketones and reduced blood glucose …
Adenosine And Autism: A Spectrum Of Opportunities [Post-Print], Susan A. Masino, Masahito Kawamura Jr., Jessica Cote, Rebecca Williams, David N. Ruskin
Adenosine And Autism: A Spectrum Of Opportunities [Post-Print], Susan A. Masino, Masahito Kawamura Jr., Jessica Cote, Rebecca Williams, David N. Ruskin
Faculty Scholarship
In rodents, insufficient adenosine produces behavioral and physiological symptoms consistent with several comorbidities of autism. In rodents and humans, stimuli postulated to increase adenosine can ameliorate these comorbidities. Because adenosine is a broad homeostatic regulator of cell function and nervous system activity, increasing adenosine's influence might be a new therapeutic target for autism with multiple beneficial effects.
Neurotechnologies At The Intersection Of Criminal Procedure And Constitutional Law, Amanda C. Pustilnik
Neurotechnologies At The Intersection Of Criminal Procedure And Constitutional Law, Amanda C. Pustilnik
Faculty Scholarship
The rapid development of neurotechnologies poses novel constitutional issues for criminal law and criminal procedure. These technologies can identify directly from brain waves whether a person is familiar with a stimulus like a face or a weapon, can model blood flow in the brain to indicate whether a person is lying, and can even interfere with brain processes themselves via high-powered magnets to cause a person to be less likely to lie to an investigator. These technologies implicate the constitutional privilege against compelled, self-incriminating speech under the Fifth Amendment and the right to be free of unreasonable search and seizure …