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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Adaptor Protein P66shc Governs Central Nervous System Cell Metabolism And Resistance To Aβ Toxicity, Asad Lone
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, and is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It has been posited that AD is caused by the gradual deposition of toxic amyloid-b (Ab) plaques in the brain- that cause oxidative stress and eventually leads to neuronal death and synaptic loss. However, multiple therapies that either interfere with the production, or enhance the removal of Ab from the brain, have ultimately failed to slow or prevent AD. With the ever-increasing burden of AD worldwide, there exists an urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. The adult human brain is an energy demanding …
Low Birth Weight And Post-Natal Diet Induced Alterations In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Consumption And Fiber Type Composition, Megan Cedrone
Low Birth Weight And Post-Natal Diet Induced Alterations In Skeletal Muscle Oxygen Consumption And Fiber Type Composition, Megan Cedrone
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Adverse in utero and postnatal conditions can increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MS). Altered muscle respiration contributes to MS, but the effects of restricted oxygen and nutrients in utero on skeletal muscle mitochondria remain unknown. In this study guinea pig sows underwent uterine artery ablations mid-gestation, producing fetuses with low birth weight (LBW). Soleus muscle was collected near term or at four months of age, from LBW and control fetuses and offspring, where the offspring were fed either a Western Diet (WD) or a control diet (CD). Soleus muscles from LBW fetuses exhibit lower maximal respiration rates than normal birth …
Protective Benefits Of Hydrogen Sulfide Treatment During Renal Transplantation, Ian Lobb
Protective Benefits Of Hydrogen Sulfide Treatment During Renal Transplantation, Ian Lobb
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is inherent to renal transplantation (RTx) and is initiated when blood supply is necessarily removed during organ procurement (ischemia) and subsequently restored upon engraftment (reperfusion). During renal ischemia, ATP depletion causes tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Upon reperfusion, influx of O2 causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and infiltration of innate immune cells which release damaging ROS and proteases. Prolonged periods of IRI are associated with increased risk of delayed graft function (DGF) and decreased long-term graft survival. The endogenously produced gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), has recently been …
Characterizing Stomatin-Like Protein 2 And Its Role In Neuron Survival, Lisa A. Foris
Characterizing Stomatin-Like Protein 2 And Its Role In Neuron Survival, Lisa A. Foris
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Stomatin-like Protein 2 (SLP-2) has been identified as a stress-inducible transcript and has been shown to interact with and stabilize mitochondrial proteins. Since mitochondria are critical for neuronal function, we hypothesized that SLP-2 regulates neuron survival in response to stressful stimuli. A conditional SLP-2 knockout mouse (deletion) and the SN56 cell line (upregulation) were employed to study the role of SLP-2 in mitochondrial dynamics and neuron survival. SLP-2 deficient primary cortical neurons displayed significantly decreased levels of various mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins, indicating SLP-2 contributes to maintenance of mitochondrial membrane integrity. SLP-2 was up-regulated in response to oxidative stress and …