Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Provider Obesity Bias And Stigma In Western Medicine, Cassandra A. Da Valle-Chervellera, Madhu Sundarrajan, Lindsay Gietzen

Pacific Journal of Health

Societal obesity stigma is greatly impactful on one’s life that is experiencing obesity. Limited data is available discussing the impact obesity stigma has on care coordination. This is a commentary paper outlining current research addressing obesity stigma in United States medicine. From the limited research, verbal and non-verbal stigma surrounding obesity is prevalent in America. A call to action is vital to begin education with clinical providers. Increased education catalyzes the cultural shift within health care to improve clinical providers’ empathy and care coordination efforts for this vulnerable population. Learning more about obesity stigma and how clinical medical providers can …

Increasing Patient Awareness And Education Surrounding Prescription Weight Loss Medications, Anirudh A. Hirve

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Obesity is a growing problem in the United States. While it remains important for clinicians to emphasize health supportive behaviors including dietary modification and exercise when counseling patients, the advent of new weight loss medications has created a need for patient education materials regarding these interventions for a growing number of patients who request them at primary care visits. This project created a smart phrase in the electronic medical record summarizing weight loss medications currently available on the market to transform patient counseling and enable better shared decision making between patients and providers.

Chronic Stressors, Obesity Pathogenesis, And The Moderating Effect Of Internalized Weight Stigma; A Quantitative, Illinois Study, Karyn Byrne

Dissertations

The obesity epidemic is a ‘wicked’ problem with a complex web of determinants and outcomes. While generally higher for minoritized populations, prevalence rates manifest in surprising, nonlinear patterns. There is no consensus regarding treatment protocols or mitigation efforts, except that current efforts remain largely ineffective. Much research evidence that a profusion of determinants of health support obesity pathogenesis through various physiological processes and mechanisms, including the allostatic load, mitochondria functioning, the gut microbiome, and epigenetics. Intervening to support markers of the allostatic load (immunity, inflammation, and metabolic health) may provide a more effective treatment outcomes than traditional approaches, which tend …

Stress And Eating Behaviors Pre- And Post Covid-19 Pandemic Declaration In A Sample Of College-Aged Adults, Megan Bratetic, Michelle Nguyen, Makenna Peterson, Anthony Acevedo, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: This study compared stress and eating behaviors pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic in college students. METHODS: This was a non-experimental comparative study. Participants were invited to the laboratory for a single visit to measure eating behaviors and stress indicators. Four instruments were used in this study: The Weight and Lifestyle Inventory questionnaire, the Mindfulness Eating Questionnaire, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Independent t-test and a two-way ANOVA were used to compare participants who were tested before the COVID-19 pandemic declaration and after. RESULTS: N=151 (n=81 male, n=70 female) participants completed pre-covid testing, and a separate group, …

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Enhancing Education In The Detroit Metropolitan Area On The Correlation Between Portion Size And Pediatric Obesity., Jackson Ferris, Alexa Bernard, Susan Hartzell, Elli Johnson, Jose Lopez, Theodore Schiff

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Improving Awareness Of Factors Contributing To Pediatric Obesity In Detroit, Vikash Mehan, Constance Cleveland, Dipra Debnath, Ranya Krayem, Jay Maixner, Zane Mustafa, Deepa Raghavan, Zoha Qureshi

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Of Family Focused Obesity Screening In Primary Care, Adrianne Griffiths

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background: Obesity is associated with serious medical conditions including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. It also contributes to decreased productivity at work and school, financial strain, and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of Project: To address this problem, a nurse practitioner-led screening and intervention program was piloted at a primary care clinic in southern San Diego. The tool provides a standardized method for screening individuals and their families for nutrition and physical activity deficits associated with obesity, as well as appropriate and effective interventions to prevent and manage obesity.

Methods: The Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) screening tool is …

Implementation Of The Diet Readiness Test To Assess Self-Efficacy And Education Effectiveness In Overweight Women, Tatjana Ilich

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Purpose: The purpose of this evidence-based Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to assess perceived self-efficacy in overweight women who are participating in a weight loss program and the effectiveness of education being provided using the Diet Readiness Test (DRT).

Background: Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem affecting an increasing number of countries worldwide because of its prevalence, costs, and health effects. Among women between the ages of 40 and 60, more than 80% report that they are either trying to lose weight or trying to maintain weight. The overall prevalence of obesity was similar among men …

Transforming Monterey Counties Food Environment, Geovanni Miron Solis

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The Blue Zones project was brought to Monterey County due to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Nearly fifty percent of Monterey county are pre-diabetic or diabetic. The Blue Zones Project of Monterey County is a well being improvement initiative that works with local schools, worksites, restaurants and organizations to educate and promote healthier habits. The food sector of the project consists of individuals who work with restaurants and grocery stores here in Monterey County. The project serves Marina, Seaside, Monterey, Salinas, Pacific Grove, Gonzalez, King City, Soledad, Castroville, and Chular. A major issue the project wants to address …

Prevention Of Obesity-Related Morbidity & Mortality In Adults, Rachelle Virgin

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Poster presentation on the prevention of obesity related morbidity and mortality in adults.

Effects Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On Energy Expenditure And Oxygen Consumption, Victoria M. Rocha, Jehu Apaflo, Gabriel Narvaez, Ali Mossayebi, Joshua Labadah, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise is beneficial to improve metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Physical activity results in an increase in energy expenditure (EE) and oxygen consumption due to increased energy demand. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an alternative strategy to induce muscle contraction. Our previous work have shown that NMES induced muscle contraction can improve metabolic health in an overweight and obese population. However, it is not known whether NMES induced muscle contraction leads to greater energy expenditure. PUPROSE: To determine the effect of NMES induced muscle contraction on energy expenditure and oxygen consumption. METHODS: Eighteen sedentary overweight/obese men …

Gut Microbial Metabolite Indole: A Stimulator Of Enteroendocrine Cell Differentiation Via Activation Of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, James Hart

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) regulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis by releasing hormones in response to food intake. Dysregulated EEC differentiation is observed in obesity, while gut microbiota metabolites influence this process. Here, we investigated the role of indole, a biologically active gut microbial metabolite, in EEC differentiation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. Human intestinal organoids derived from jejunal mucosal biopsies were exposed to indole. Indole treatment significantly increased mRNA levels of chromogranin A, an EEC marker. The effect was reversed by an AhR antagonist, indicating AhR involvement. Indole also upregulated AhR target gene mRNA levels. These findings highlight the …

Weighty Words: Addressing Weight Bias In Primary Care, Jharna Jahnavi

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Weight bias in healthcare impacts a great proportion of patients. ­In some ways, weight bias often goes unaddressed compared to other forms of discrimination and spans across diverse groups of people resulting a double burden of bias in patients with intersecting marginalized identities. It is essential that providers and healthcare workers are better trained in building inclusivity for patients of all weights and body types to improve healthcare access and acceptance. Patients who experience weight bias in the office are less likely to return for routine preventative care and less likely to feel safe and comfortable with their providers. This …

A Healthier Diet For Weight Loss, Hannah White

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Many patients presenting to clinic have the goal of weight loss to improve their health as obesity has many comorbidities. Many patients have multiple health concerns like Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, PCOS, or joint pain. Part of the management of their conditions include weight loss, but many patients struggle, for years, to lose weight. A referral to the Metabolic Weight Loss clinic in Newtown, which will provide patients with nutritional information, evidence based diets, medications, exercises, and more, can take up to 1 year to get an appointment. The goal of this project is to provide information to patients in …

The Relationship Between Catecholamines And Lactate Concentration In Response To Exercise In Adolescents With Obesity, Vincent Vuong, Daniela Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Epinephrine is a catabolic hormone that increases metabolism through glycolysis and glycogenolysis. During exercise, accelerated glycogen and glucose breakdown is associated with increased lactate production. Previous studies show obesity (OB) decreases the epinephrine response during exercise potentially affecting glucose metabolism and lactate production. PURPOSE: To compare the epinephrine and lactate responses in adolescents with OB and adolescents with normal weight (NW) and to determine if changes in epinephrine and lactate concentrations are associated. METHODS: 12 adolescents with OB (9.2 ± 1.2 y, 39.9 ± 6.8% body fat) and 12 adolescents with NW (17.5 ± 4.6% body fat) completed …

Distinguishing Increased Adiposity And/Or Aerobic Deconditioning As Moderators Of Low Vo2peak In Obese Men, Jeff M. Moore, Carrie Ferguson, Molly M. Baldwin, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Christina Wang, Wei Yan, Harry B. Rossiter Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O_2peak) in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a strong predictor of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. V̇O_2peak in obese individuals is typically below the lower limit of normal (2 transport and utilization, i.e. aerobic deconditioning; or both. We hypothesized a modified CPET, to measure the fraction of maximum isokinetic power that can be supported by aerobic metabolism, will distinguish between adiposity and deconditioning effects on V̇O_2peak. PURPOSE: To compare V̇O_2peak and isokinetic neuromuscular performance in obese vs non-obese men. METHODS: A modified CPET with maximal (3 s) isokinetic cycling …

The Relationship Between Postural Control And Motor Proficiency In Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome And With Obesity, Alberto Garcia, Debra J. Rose, Daniela A. Rubin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder that can lead to obesity. Children with PWS exhibit poor motor skills and poor postural control. Postural control is defined as the ability to regulate sensory information to maintain a controlled, upright posture. Underdeveloped vestibular and proprioceptive systems, shown in PWS, may interfere with maintaining posture and performing fundamental skills that require effective sensorimotor integration. Obesity (OB) can also be negative to postural control and motor skill development. PURPOSE: This study determined the relationship between postural control and motor proficiency in children with PWS and those with OB but without …

Exercise And Esr1 Control Mitochondrial Content And Function To Regulate Adiposity, Alice M. Ma, Nicole Lee Yang, Alexander R. Strumwasser, Zhenqi Zhou, Andrea L. Hevener

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue remodeling to enhance metabolic health in response to exercise training remain inadequately understood. PURPOSE: We utilized mouse genetics and human GWAS to determine the impact of exercise training on mitochondrial DNA copy number, and interrogate the relationship between Esr1 and adipose tissue health. METHODS: We performed RNAseq on adipose tissue from 100 strains of inbred mice following exercise training and determined mitochondrial content by qPCR. We performed deep phenotyping of mice harboring conditional Esr1 overexpression selectively in adipose tissue. Adipose specific Esr1 overexpression and control mice were fed a high fat diet and …

Conference Proceedings: Select Abstracts Presented At Advocate Aurora Scientific Day 2022

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The abstracts published in this supplement were presented at the 48th annual Advocate Aurora Scientific Day on May 25, 2022. This scholarly symposium provides a closed forum for sharing preliminary results from research studies conducted by faculty physicians and nurses, fellows, residents, scientists, and other health professionals associated with U.S. Midwest-based health system Advocate Aurora Health, publisher of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Obesity Awareness In Adults, Tyler Mumm, Daniel Kim, Jacob Katzman, Liana De La Torre, Mariam Samir, Parker Marsh, Pragathi Pathanjeli

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (Wcrf)/American Institute For Cancer Research (Aicr) Score And Diabetes Risk In The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (Dppos)., Marissa M Shams-White, Ashley H Tjaden, Sharon L Edelstein, Sarah Bassiouni, Lisa L Kahle, Catherine Kim, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Karla A Temple, Elizabeth M Venditti, Jill Reedy, Brandy M Heckman-Stoddard

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) 3rd expert report highlights up-to-date Cancer Prevention Recommendations that may reduce burdens of many chronic diseases, including diabetes. This study examined if following a lifestyle that aligns with the recommendations - assessed via the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score - was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults participating in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).

METHODS: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) randomized adults at high risk for diabetes to receive a lifestyle intervention (ILS), metformin (MET) or a placebo (PLB) (mean: 3.2 years), with …

September 2022, Swosu Bulldog Wellness Committee

SWOSU BULLDOG WELLNESS

National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month

About 1 in 5 American children has obesity. Compared to children with healthy weight, children with overweight or obesity are at a higher risk for asthma, sleep apnea, bone and joint problems, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease.

Investigating The Correlation Between Lpr & Obesity, Andrew S. Franklin Bs, Chad A. Nieri Bs, M. Boyd Gillespie Md

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

Objectives: To determine whether Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) findings of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) correlate with obesity, gender, Epworth Sleepiness scale, and OSA severity.

Study design: Single center retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients greater than 18 years of age who underwent DISE by one surgeon at a tertiary care center from July 2016 to July 2022 were included. DISE findings, patient characteristics, demographics, polysomnogram(s), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale(s) were extracted. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables, and independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28.

Results: …

Increasing Obesity Education In An Underserved Latino Population, Morgan Lippert, Kelsey Beard

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem in the United States. Certain populations are at high risk for developing obesity including the Latino population and underserved communities. This Quality Improvement project aimed to develop a more patient centered approach for primary care providers use to deliver obesity education to an at-risk Latino population. The project was completed at a clinic in southern Illinois where the majority of the population is underserved and Spanish speaking. Obesity education tools in both Spanish and English were given to the patients in order to decrease the language barrier and improve patient education and understanding …

Effects Of 8-Week Ketogenic Diet On Anthropometrics, Body Composition, Metabolic Parameters, And Psychological Factors In Young Obese Population, Hayden G. West, Soon-Mi Choi, Frank B. Wyatt, Michael W. Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obese have a significantly higher Body Mass Index (BMI), which can be associated with poor nutritional intake and sedentary lifestyles. The ketogenic diet is a form of a dietary intervention which is often implemented for metabolic syndrome individuals such as obese populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a ketogenic diet on anthropometrics, body composition, metabolic parameters, and psychological factors in young obese population. METHODS: Seven young obese participants (n=7, height (cm); 174.8 ± 10.9, weight (kg); 105 ± 20.7, BMI (kg∙m^-2); 34.6 ± 4.8) completed an 8-week intervention with …

Home Exercise For Patients With Limited Access And Resources, Justin L. Esteban

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Patients with limited resources and who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, don’t have the time or resources available to partake/pursue exercise. Having a home workout program may prove to be beneficial to patients who don't have access to a gym, equipment, or are otherwise constrained by time.

Tackling Access To A Healthier Life, Edom Alemayehu Girma

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Obesity is a known risk factor for complications during childhood and later in adult life. While numerous factors play a role in the prevalence of obesity, this project focused on better intervention for obesity management in the family medicine clinic located in Plattsburgh, NY. Interviews and literature searches were conducted to determine possible strategies to better assist patients in attaining their sustainable weight loss goals and an overall healthier lifestyle.

A Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval And Moderate Intensity Continuous Training On Glucose Regulation In Sedentary, Obese Individuals, Sophia R. Mirth, Brandon J. Sawyer, Dharini M. Bhammer, Glenn A. Gaesser

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well known that exercise is beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the ideal type of training is not clear. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood glucose regulation in sedentary, obese adults. METHODS: 22 sedentary, obese individuals were randomized into either HIIT or MICT. Each group exercised on a cycle ergometer 3 times/wk for 8 wks. The HIIT group performed 10, 1 min intervals at 90-95% HR_max with 1 min rest intervals in between. The MICT group performed 30 min of …

F-Wave Parameters And Body Mass Index In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Philip Adebayo, Rose E. Mwakabatika

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) readily lends itself to both clinical and electrophysiological recognition. The uncertainty sometimes is in identifying and quantifying motor involvement in mild and, perhaps, in moderate CTS. Our study aimed to evaluate F responses in mild and moderate CTS and determine the contribution of BMI to the F-wave parameters.

Methods A retrospective review of the clinical and electrophysiological data of patients with CTS seen at the clinical neurophysiology laboratory of Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, between 1 August 2017 and 31 July 2019 was retrieved. Carpal tunnel syndrome was graded according to the electrophysiological …

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Obesity, Weight Cycling, And Tumor Progression In Murine Myeloma Models, Heather Fairfield, Catherine R. Marinac, Mariah Farrell, Brenda M. Birmann, Michaela R. Reagan

Costas T. Lambrew Research Retreat 2021

We investigated this relationship in two murine myeloma models with a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, and a diet cycling (DC) regimen to model weight cycling.