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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Proteomic Characterization Of Human Multipotent Stromal Cells Secreted Proteins With Therapeutic Potential For Β-Cell Regeneration, Miljan Kuljanin
Proteomic Characterization Of Human Multipotent Stromal Cells Secreted Proteins With Therapeutic Potential For Β-Cell Regeneration, Miljan Kuljanin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Novel strategies to stimulate the expansion of β-cell mass in situ are warranted for diabetes therapy. Cell-replacement therapies for the treatment of diabetes have become a focal point in recent years. Endogenous regeneration of β-cell mass has been demonstrated using human multipotent stromal cells (hMSC). However, the secretory factors responsible for initiating endogenous regeneration remain unknown. Successful large-scale proteomic applications to address these questions have been limited in part by difficulties in correctly selecting the appropriate methodologies. Thus, the goal of this thesis was a combination of assessing different proteomic workflows to facilitate investigation into hMSC biology, applying these methods …
Diabetic Bone Marrow & Stem Cell Dysfunction, Meghan A. Piccinin
Diabetic Bone Marrow & Stem Cell Dysfunction, Meghan A. Piccinin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
ii Abstract Abstract Defects in the proliferation, differentiation, and activity of bone marrow (BM)-derived vasculogenic/vascular stem cells (VSCs) have been observed in diabetes and contribute to the development of vascular complications. Diabetes leads to enhanced bone marrow adipogenesis, altering the composition of the BM stem cell (SC) niche and potentially disrupting the normal functioning of resident VSCs. Here, I establish that adipocytes have a negative influence on SC survival in culture. I also show that adipocytes and osteoblasts are responsible for the creation of distinct extracellular microenvironments, with unique expression patterns of several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors with known effects …
Pancreatic Beta Cell Plasticity And Involvement Of Insulin-Expressing Progenitor Cells, Christine A. Beamish
Pancreatic Beta Cell Plasticity And Involvement Of Insulin-Expressing Progenitor Cells, Christine A. Beamish
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Islet transplants have been successfully used as treatment for diabetes, but are limited by shortages of cadaveric insulin-producing β-cells. An alternate source may be the dedifferentiation, expansion, and subsequent redifferentiation of pancreatic islets or β-cells using in vitro techniques prior to transplant. Based on protocols which described the dedifferentiation of human islets to ductal-like cells, we hypothesized that neonatal mouse islets could be similarly dedifferentiated in vitro. Dedifferentiation techniques produced significant duct-like cells, but redifferentiation to insulin-expressing cells was limited. RIPCre;Z/AP+/+ mice were consequently utilized to lineage trace β-cell fate during culture by a human placental alkaline phosphatase (HPAP) reporter. …
Vascular Stem Cells In Diabetic Complications, Emily C. Keats
Vascular Stem Cells In Diabetic Complications, Emily C. Keats
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Diabetes leads to a variety of secondary complications. At the heart of these complications lies endothelial cells (ECs) – cells that take up unregulated plasma glucose, experience various biochemical alterations, and provide the basis for whole organ vascular dysfunctions. With the purpose of generating new vascular networks for the treatment of these chronic complications, my initial work focused on vascular stem cells (VSCs). VSCs have the ability to differentiate into both endothelial (EPC) and mesenchymal (MPC) progenitor cells, both of which are necessary for the creation of stable and functional blood vessels. To establish whether these progenitor populations retain their …