Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evolution Of Global Anatomy Research Through Covid-19: A Post-Pandemic Evaluation, Harsh Chheda, Santanu De

FDLA Journal

The Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) struck the world with a deep impact on many countries' healthcare systems. More specifically, anatomical research experienced a drastic setback due to the limitations and restrictions placed upon them by the medical community. This study aims to review how COVID-19 guidelines presented conflict regarding the retrieval and use of cadavers, as well as how anatomy research was modified on a global scale owing to the pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak called for several changes upon each significant anatomical research technique, ranging from cadaver dissection to diagnostic imaging. Given the remarkable shift in medical research guidelines …

Assessing Mid To Long Term Amputation-Free Survival Rates In Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia; A Study Of Hybrid Vascular Techniques, Cristian Traian Paius, Vlad Denis Constantin, Alexandru Carap, Andrei Tarus, Grigore Tinica

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Introduction. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a debilitating condition characterized by inadequate blood supply to the lower extremities, often leading to tissue damage, ulcers, and limb loss. Amputation-free survival (AFS) serves as a crucial measure in evaluating interventions and managing CLTI, emphasizing limb preservation, functional restoration, and prevention of recurrent ischemic events. Objectives. This study aimed to assess mid to long term AFS in CLTI patients treated with hybrid vascular techniques. Materials and Methods. Conducted over 24 months at the Emergency Hospital of Saint Pantelimon in Bucharest, Romania, the study enrolled 62 adult CLTI patients, tracking them postoperatively. Kaplan Meyer …

Colon Cancer Metastasis To Spermatic Cord Presenting As An Inguinal Hernia, Jessica G. Laenger, Eamon Ff Rooney, Patrick F. Dial, Candie T. Le, Sanda A. Tan

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Inguinal hernias are very common. Their pathology and treatment are typically strait forward. Metastatic cancer can sometimes present as an inguinal hernia, but this presentation is often local metastasis.

Case Presentation

Herein we describe the case of a 68-year-old man who presented with a 2-month history of an inguinal hernia. Intraoperatively, the hernia sac was found to contain a mass attached to the spermatic cord, which was later determined to be a metastatic lesion from a locally advanced proximal transverse colon adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion

A spermatic cord mass can be a rare presentation of colon cancer metastasis. Colon cancer should …

Cross-Contamination Of Crispr Guides And Other Unrelated Nucleotide Sequences Among Commercial Oligonucleotides, Hiroshi Arakawa, Hiromi Miura, Rolen M. Quadros, Masato Ohtsuka, Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

Custom oligonucleotides (oligos) are widely used reagents in biomedical research. Some common applications of oligos include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, hybridization, microarray, and library construction. The reliability of oligos in such applications depends on their purity and specificity. Here, we report that commercially available oligos are frequently contaminated with nonspecific sequences (i.e. other unrelated oligonucleotides). Most of the oligos that we designed to amplify clustered regularly interspersed palindromic repeats (CRISPR) guide sequences contained nonspecific CRISPR guides. These contaminants were detected in research-grade oligos procured from eight commercial oligo-suppliers located in three different geographic regions of the world. Deep sequencing …

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Hybrid Remnant Preservation Reconstruction Demonstrates Similar Outcomes As Traditional Reconstruction After 6 Months: A Randomized Control Trial, Joshua P. Castle, Eleftherios L. Halkias, Brittaney Pratt, Ashley Frei, Matthew A. Gasparro, Vasilios Moutzouros

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is often debrided during reconstruction (ACLR) to improve visualization. However, remnant ACL tissue contains nerve fibers and including remnant tissue in ACLR could provide benefit. Therefore, a technique was developed that preserves the tibial remnant and incorporates it into ACLR: Hybrid Remnant Preservation Reconstruction (HRPR) ACLR. This study compares HRPR-ACLR to traditional reconstruction by comparing patient reported outcomes and complications.

Methods

Patients presenting to one surgeon's clinic with an ACL injury are screened. Exclusion criteria are patient age<14 years, multi-ligament injury, chronic tears, and revision ACLR. Patients are consented and randomized to HRPR or traditional ACLR. Demographics, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion (ROM) and complications were collected.

Results

Thirty-three patients were included, 20 HRPR and 13 controls. No demographic differences were noted. PROMIS-PF, …

Six-Month Report Assessing The Feasibility And Effectiveness Of Amniotic Membrane Injections In Patients With Short, Anterior, Urethral Strictures, Nicholas Pryde, Jack Vernocke, Aron Liaw, Michael Sessine, Nivedita Dhar

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Urethral stricture treatment has high recurrence rates and adjunct injectable agents have been explored. Amniotic membranes (AM) promote apoptosis of pro-inflammatory cells, prevent differentiation of pro-fibrotic cells, and decrease scar formation. These tissues generated interest in reconstructive urethral surgery. Thus, we performed urethral dilation combined with micronized AM injection in urethral scar tissue for treatment of urethral stricture.

Materials and Methods: Adult males with strictures ≤12Fr in diameter and ≤2 cm in length, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥11 and maximum flowrate <15 ml/s. Reconstituted 100mg micronized AM was injected at the time of urethral dilation. Primary study end point was anatomical success (≥14Fr by cystoscopy) at 6 months. Secondary end points were questionnaires, flow rate, and post void residual. Outcomes assessed at baseline, 5 days, 14 days, 3 months, and 6 months post-injection. Safety was analyzed.

Results: Ten men, mean age of 52 ± 15 years, were included. There were 7 patients with …

Piriformis Syndrome With A Variant Presentation, Roberto Chuapoco, Ryan E. Linford

Annual Research Symposium

Piriformis syndrome has long been a diagnostic quandary due to its tendency to present as other nerve-related conditions. Piriformis syndrome is commonly caused by entrapment of the sciatic nerve as it travels through the greater sciatic foramen due to hypertrophy of the piriformis muscle. However, its constellation of symptoms, including radiating pain down the thigh, can easily be mistaken for lumbosacral radiculopathy. This case report aims to address the misdiagnosis of piriformis syndrome which has prolonged pain for many patients and increased the cost of medical care. It demonstrates a 76-year-old female with a confounding presentation of piriformis syndrome: buttock …

Formulation Of Preservation Solutions For Model Generation With In Vivo Tissue Morphology, Holly Pickett

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Sex-Specific Negative Affect-Like Behaviour And Parabrachial Nucleus Activation Induced By Bnst Stimulation In Adult Mice With Adolescent Alcohol History, Lucas Albrechet-Souza, Chelsea R. Kasten, Natalia B. Bertagna, Tiffany A. Wills

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Adolescent alcohol use is a strong predictor for the subsequent development of alcohol use disorders later in life. Additionally, adolescence is a critical period for the onset of affective disorders, which can contribute to problematic drinking behaviours and relapse, particularly in females. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that exposure to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) vapour alters glutamatergic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and, when combined with adult stress, elicits sex-specific changes in glutamatergic plasticity and negative affect-like behaviours in mice. Building on these findings, the current work investigated whether BNST stimulation could substitute …

Investigation Into Cardiac Myhc-Α 334-352-Specific Tcr Transgenic Mice Reveals A Role For Cytotoxic Cd4 T Cells In The Development Of Cardiac Autoimmunity, Meghna Sur, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Kiruthiga Mone, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Ninaad Lasrado, Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy, Raymond A Sobel, Jay Reddy

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

Myocarditis is one of the major causes of heart failure in children and young adults and can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis could result from autoreactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, but defining antigen specificity in disease pathogenesis is challenging. To address this issue, we generated T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6J mice specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 and found that Myhc-α-specific TCRs were expressed in both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. To investigate if the phenotype is more pronounced in a myocarditis-susceptible genetic background, we backcrossed with A/J mice. At …

Understanding The Effects Of Hormone Treatments On The Transgender Singer: A Pedagogical Study And Voice Studio Guide, Erin M. Hannon

Theses and Dissertations--Music

Transitioning from one gender to another can be an arduous and emotionally charged experience, accompanied by many physical and mental transformations. The journey of self-discovery and vocal explorations is both unique and deeply personal. Modifications that emerge in an individual's vocal characteristics have a profound influence on their capacity to communicate and express themselves.

Transgender vocal students and professional singers must navigate the delicate balance between their vocal and gender identities while considering the possible risks of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy. Though these therapies may significantly alter one's appearance and overall well-being, they are also capable of causing notable declines …

Quality Improvement Of X-Ray Imaging For Unspecified Chronic Knee Pain And Suspected Knee Osteoarthritis In The Primary Care Setting, Ty E. Bever

Family Medicine Clerkship Student Projects

Although a comprehensive history and physical exam are the mainstays of initial evaluation, plain X-rays are clinically indicated for chronic knee pain of greater than 6 weeks duration and acute traumatic pain in patients who meet specific evidence-based criteria, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). However, there remains significant variation in what radiographic protocols are used in clinical practice, specifically in terms of what radiographic views are ordered and whether the imaging is performed with the patient weight-bearing (WB) or non-weight-bearing (NWB). In fact, several studies have shown that non-weight-bearing knee radiographs are frequently ordered by general …

Lysophospholipids Are Associated With Outcomes In Hospitalized Patients With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Aaron M Gusdon, Jude Pj Savarraj, John B Redell, Atzhiry Paz, Sarah Hinds, Angela Burkett, Glenda Torres, Xuefang Ren, Neeraj Badjatia, Georgene W Hergenroeder, Anthony N Moore, H Alex Choi, Pramod K Dash

Journal Articles

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for 70-90% of all TBI cases. Lipid metabolites have important roles in plasma membrane biogenesis, function, and cell signaling. As TBI can compromise plasma membrane integrity and alter brain cell function, we sought to identify circulating phospholipid alterations after mTBI, and determine if these changes were associated with clinical outcomes. Patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥13 and loss of consciousness <30 >min) were recruited. A total of 84 mTBI subjects were enrolled after admission to a level I trauma center, with the majority having evidence of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on brain computed tomography …

Targeted Insertion Of Conditional Expression Cassettes Into The Mouse Genome Using The Modified I-Pitt, Hiromi Miura, Ayaka Nakamura, Aki Kurosaki, Ai Kotani, Masaru Motojima, Keiko Tanaka, Shigeru Kakuta, Sanae Ogiwara, Yuhsuke Ohmi, Hirotaka Komaba, Samantha L. P. Schilit, Cynthia C. Morton, Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy, Masato Ohtsuka

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

BACKGROUND: Transgenic (Tg) mice are widely used in biomedical research, and they are typically generated by injecting transgenic DNA cassettes into pronuclei of one-cell stage zygotes. Such animals often show unreliable expression of the transgenic DNA, one of the major reasons for which is random insertion of the transgenes. We previously developed a method called "pronuclear injection-based targeted transgenesis" (PITT), in which DNA constructs are directed to insert at pre-designated genomic loci. PITT was achieved by pre-installing so called landing pad sequences (such as heterotypic LoxP sites or attP sites) to create seed mice and then injecting Cre recombinase or …

Validating Osteological Correlates For The Hepatic Piston In The American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis), Clinton A. Grand Pre, William Thielicke, Raul E. Diaz, Brandon P. Hedrick, Ruth M. Elsey, Emma R. Schachner

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Unlike the majority of sauropsids, which breathe primarily through costal and abdominal muscle contractions, extant crocodilians have evolved the hepatic piston pump, a unique additional ventilatory mechanism powered by the diaphragmaticus muscle. This muscle originates from the bony pelvis, wrapping around the abdominal viscera, extending cranially to the liver. The liver then attaches to the caudal margin of the lungs, resulting in a sub-fusiform morphology for the entire ‘‘pulmo-hepatic-diaphragmatic’’ structure. When the diaphragmaticus muscle contracts during inspiration, the liver is pulled caudally, lowering pressure in the thoracolumbar cavity, and inflating the lungs. It has been established that the hepatic piston …

Anatomy Of The Ankle And Ankle Injuries In Athletes, Isabelle G. West

Honors Capstones

The purpose of this project was to learn about the anatomy of the ankle joint, explore common ankle injuries in athletes, and research how they are treated overall and in a physical therapy setting. To do so, a dissection of the ankle joint was completed with Mrs. Kara Coffman-Rea in the cadaver lab as well as an exploration of plastinated models. Additionally, a literature review of current research on the ankle was completed. Though many structures of the ankle joint were identified through dissection, the focus of the literature review is on the structures of the lateral ankle and the …

Central Activation Of Orl-1 Receptors In Heart Failure Models, Jeffrey Angell

Theses & Dissertations

Heart failure is a prevalent and debilitating disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide and is the leading cause of death in the United States. While various therapeutic strategies have been developed and approved to manage heart failure, exploration of novel targets and mechanisms are essential for improving patient outcomes. This thesis investigates the therapeutic potential of the central activation of opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL-1) by nociceptin in a rodent heart failure model.

Furthermore, this study aims to elucidate the central mechanisms underlying nociceptin induced cardiovascular and renal effects in heart failure. This involves investigating neuronal pathways and …

Using Noninvasive Calibrated Cuff Plethysmography To Observe The Effects Of Cold-Water Immersion On Arterial Compliance, Rita M. Grigorian

Master's Theses

As the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to exponentially grow in populations across the globe, the necessity of determining underlying factors, effective methods of diagnoses, and universally available preventive measures also grows. Early detection of endothelial dysfunction, a proven precursor of cardiovascular diseases, can be extremely impactful in encouraging preventative measures and early intervention before medical conditions become chronic. In recent years, ice plunging, a form of cryotherapy involving full body immersion in cold water, has gained popularity within circles of fitness and health practitioners, gaining the interest of people of all backgrounds. Certain parallels observed between the human physiological …

Enhanced Presynaptic Mitochondrial Energy Production Is Required For Memory Formation, Erica L Underwood, John B Redell, Kimberly N Hood, Mark E Maynard, Michael Hylin, M Neal Waxham, Jing Zhao, Anthony N Moore, Pramod K Dash

Journal Articles

Some of the prominent features of long-term memory formation include protein synthesis, gene expression, enhanced neurotransmitter release, increased excitability, and formation of new synapses. As these processes are critically dependent on mitochondrial function, we hypothesized that increased mitochondrial respiration and dynamics would play a prominent role in memory formation. To address this possibility, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) in hippocampal tissue punches from trained and untrained animals. Our results show that context fear training significantly increased basal, ATP synthesis-linked, and maximal OCR in the Shaffer collateral-CA1 synaptic region, but not in the CA1 cell body layer. These changes were …

Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: A Rare Cause Of Abdominal Pain That Is Difficult To Identify, Mark E. Eskander, Matthew Thrall, Joel P. Thompson

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare disease that occurs when the celiac artery is compressed by the median arcuate ligament. Patients with MALS typically present with non-specific symptoms that overlap with more common diseases. As a result, patients may undergo extensive workup and unnecessary treatments before being properly diagnosed with MALS. In this case we present a 23-year-old female with chronic postprandial abdominal pain that persisted despite undergoing a cholecystectomy. This case highlights the symptoms and imaging findings needed to diagnose MALS and thus prevent unnecessary surgical interventions.

Role Of Fat Content On The Structure And Function Of Human Skeletal Muscle, Joseph A. Gordon Iii

Doctoral Dissertations

Muscle size does not fully explain variations in muscle strength. Fat content has been implicated in muscle weakness, though this relationship remains unclear. The relationship between fat and strength may vary between scales (e.g., cellular, organ, and organism). The goal of this dissertation was to clarify the role of fat in the structure and function of muscle using in vitro and in vivo techniques across multiple scales in adults 21-45 years old. Study 1 tested the agreement of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content between oil red o (ORO) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques. These measures of IMCL were also compared …

Caudal Dmn Neurons Innervate The Spleen And Release Cart Peptide To Regulate Neuroimmune Function, Nobuhide Kobori, Anthony N Moore, John B Redell, Pramod K Dash

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a fundamental biological response to injury and infection, which if unregulated can contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases. The vagus nerve, which primarily originates from the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN), plays an important role in rapidly dampening inflammation by regulating splenic function. However, direct vagal innervation of the spleen, which houses the majority of immune and inflammatory cells, has not been established. As an alternative to direct innervation, an anti-inflammatory reflex pathway has been proposed which involves the vagus nerve, the sympathetic celiac ganglion, and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Although sympathetic regulation of inflammation has been shown, …

Development Of A Nurse Anesthesia Program Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Airway Examination Curriculum, Sarah Elyse Sandheinrich Butler, Colton Phillip Butler

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Airway management is a critical and fundamental skill for anesthesia providers. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an up-and-coming assessment technique that can provide critical information about a patient’s airway anatomy and may increase patient safety during anesthesia care. As a result, understanding the appropriate POCUS equipment, techniques, findings, and clinical implications for airway examination can become essential for safe and effective anesthesia practice. This project aimed to develop a clinical airway POCUS examination curriculum with detailed instructions on all aspects of appropriate examination equipment, set-up, technique, and implications for findings. The team designed the curriculum to incorporate it into the host …

Cystic Duct Morphology And Heister Valves: A Cadaveric Study, Cierra R. Goerish

Theses & Dissertations

Continued occurrence of cholelithiasis, gallstones, commonly results in cholecystectomy, removal of the gallbladder. Having a comprehensive anatomical, histological, and physiological knowledge of the biliary apparatus is imperative in clinical medicine today. Additionally, the functionality of cystic duct (CD) Heister valves (HV) has been speculatory since being reported in 1732. This study summarizes the morphology, orientation, and variability of the gross biliary system and provides data to help justify HV functionality.

Cadaveric dissection was utilized for gross observation and analysis of the biliary system. The angulation of the CD was found primarily as an acute angle; however, obtuse angulation could be …

Regeneration Of Neurons In Human Brain Tissue; A Revolutionary Concept With Therapeutic Potential, Mackenzie R. Dunn

Other Undergraduate Research

There is current research to suggest that endogenous neuronal regeneration, exogenous neuronal stem cell transplantation and glial cell reprogramming could be prospective therapeutic treatments for neurodegeneration and traumatic injury. With these conditions, there is significant brain atrophy, loss of neurons and loss of synaptic connections which can have devastating effects on executive functioning, cognition, learning and memory. This review will examine these modern approaches to adult neurogenesis, and assess the viable mechanisms and future outlook of these three therapies for neurological regenerative medicine.

Decoupling Body Shape And Mass Distribution In Birds And Their Dinosaurian Ancestors, Sophie Macaulay, Tatjana Hoehfurtner, Samuel R.R. Cross, Ryan D. Marek, John R. Hutchinson, Emma R. Schachner, Alice E. Maher, Karl T. Bates

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

It is accepted that non-avian theropod dinosaurs, with their long muscular tails and small forelimbs, had a centre-of-mass close to the hip, while extant birds, with their reduced tails and enlarged wings have their mass centred more cranially. Transition between these states is considered crucial to two key innovations in the avian locomotor system: crouched bipedalism and powered flight. Here we use image-based models to challenge this dichotomy. Rather than a phylogenetic distinction between ‘dinosaurian’ and ‘avian’ conditions, we find terrestrial versus volant taxa occupy distinct regions of centre-of-mass morphospace consistent with the disparate demands of terrestrial bipedalism and flight. …

The Top 50 Most Cited Articles On The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (Mpfl): A Bibliometric Analysis, Varag Abed, Alex Duvall, Jonathan D. Rexroth, Alyssa Goodwin, Joseph Liu, Austin Stone

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objectives: To determine which original articles on the topic of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been cited the most in the literature utilizing a bibliometric approach. Secondarily, to determine temporal trends between article types.

Methods: Articles on the topic of the MPFL were identified by utilizing the Web of Science Database. The search yielded 1,596 results and the top 50 cited original articles were collected for further analysis. The following information was gathered for all included articles: title, first author's name, journal name, year of publication, impact factor of the journal in 2021, total number of citations of the …

A New Era Of Morphological Investigations: Reviewing Methods For Comparative Anatomical Studies, K. L. Ford, J. S. Albert, A. P. Summers, B. P. Hedrick, E. R. Schachner, A. S. Jones, K. Evans, P. Chakrabarty

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The increased use of imaging technology in biological research has drastically altered morphological studies in recent decades and allowed for the preservation of important collection specimens alongside detailed visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures. Despite the benefits associated with these newer imaging techniques, there remains a need for more "tra- ditional"methods of morphological examination in many comparative studies. In this paper, we describe the costs and benefits of the various methods of visualizing, examining, and comparing morphological structures. There are significant differences not only in the costs associated with these different methods (monetary, time, equipment, and software), but also in …

Acute Acat1/Soat1 Blockade Increases Mam Cholesterol And Strengthens Er-Mitochondria Connectivity., Taylor C Harned, Radu V Stan, Ze Cao, Rajarshi Chakrabarti, Henry N Higgs, Catherine C Y Chang, Ta Yuan Chang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Cholesterol is a key component of all mammalian cell membranes. Disruptions in cholesterol metabolism have been observed in the context of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The genetic and pharmacological blockade of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1/sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1/SOAT1), a cholesterol storage enzyme found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and enriched at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM), has been shown to reduce amyloid pathology and rescue cognitive deficits in mouse models of AD. Additionally, blocking ACAT1/SOAT1 activity stimulates autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis; however, the exact molecular connection between the ACAT1/SOAT1 blockade and these observed benefits remain …

Supporting A Culture Of Patient Safety: Resident-Led Patient Safety Event Reviews In A Pathology Residency Training Program, Catherine Tucker, Rebecca C. Jaffe,, Allison F Goldberg

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Patient safety is a critical component of quality patient care at any healthcare institution. In order to support a culture of patient safety, and in the context of a hospital-wide patient safety initiative at our institution, we have created and implemented a new patient safety curriculum within our training program. The curriculum is embedded in an introductory course for first-year residents, in which residents gain an understanding of the multifaceted role of the pathologist in patient care. The patient safety curriculum is a resident-centered event review process and includes 1) identification and reporting of a patient safety event, 2) event …