Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Anthelmintic Resistance In Sheep Across Ireland And The Uk: A Literature Review Of The In Vivo Versus In Vitro Methods, Megan Tumulty

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Background: The animal welfare and production consequences of gastrointestinal nematode infections, namely Nematodirus battus, on sheep are compelling. The control of gastrointestinal infections has been heavily reliant on the administration of anthelmintics since their introduction into mainstream use in 1960. However, their frequent and often excessive use has resulted in anthelmintic resistance being reported extensively in several gastrointestinal nematode species. The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance as well as the increase in the number of cases of multiple-drug resistance in nematode populations now poses substantial hindrance on the viability of sheep production systems. However, despite the threat N. battus poses …

Whole-Genome Sequencing Links Clostridium (Clostridioides) Difficile In A Single Hospital To Diverse Environmental Sources In The Community, Su-Chen Lim, Deirdre Collins, Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Sicilia Perumalsamy, Natasza M.R. Hain-Saunders, Papanin Putsathit, David Speers, Thomas Riley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aims

To investigate if Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI), traditionally thought of as hospital-acquired, can be genomically linked to hospital or community environmental sources, and to define possible importation routes from the community to the hospital.

Methods and Results

In 2019, C. difficile was isolated from 89/300 (29.7%) floor and 96/300 (32.0%) shoe sole samples at a tertiary hospital in Western Australia. Non-toxigenic C. difficile ribotype (RT) 010 predominated among floor (96.6%) and shoe sole (73.2%) isolates, while toxigenic RT 014/020 was most prevalent among contemporaneous clinical cases (33.0%) at the hospital. Whole-genome sequencing and high-resolution core genome …

Histomonosis In Turkeys – Factors Influencing Transmission, Pathogenesis, And The Search For Prophylactic Or Therapeutic Compounds, Thainá Landim De Barros

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The incidence of histomonosis has been increasing in poultry since the ban of prophylactic and therapeutic compounds. Histomonosis is caused by the protozoa Histomonas meleagridis. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate factors impacting the pathogenesis and transmission of histomonosis and to evaluate compounds that could potentially prevent or reduce the severity of histomonosis in turkeys. In the first study, the effect of sodium chlorate and sodium nitrate on reducing histomonads growth was tested in vitro and added to a basal turkey diet. A decrease in the growth of histomonads in vitro was observed, but no in vivo effect …

Epidemiological Assessment Of Wolbachia-Based Biocontrol For Reduction Of Dengue Morbidity, Olga Vasilieva, Oscar E. Escobar, Hector J. Martinez, Pierre-Alexandre Bliman, Yves Dumont

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Model Of Quarantine Implementation In An Animal Shelter For Canine Distemper Outbreak, Virginia Parkman, Nick Cogan

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Using A Network Model To Control The Spread Of An Infectious Disease On A College Campus With Contact Tracing, Christopher R. Boyette

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Understanding Biofilm-Phage Interactions In Mathematical Framework, Blessing Emerenini

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Optimal Intervention Strategies To Minimize Spread Of Infectious Diseases And Economic Impact On A Dynamic Small-World Network, Malindi Whyte, Danielle Dasilva

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Data Structure, Availability And Noise Distribution On Practical And Structural Identifiability Of An Seir Model, Omar Saucedo

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Multi-Strain Epidemic Model With Infected Vaccinated And Re-Infected Recovered Population: Application To Covid-19 Pandemic, Olusegun Michael Otunuga

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Infection On Shifts In Population Cycles In A Discrete-Time Epidemic Model, Laura F. Strube, Ryan H. Hughes, Lauren M. Childs

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Seasonality And The Dynamics Of Mycobacterium Ulcerans Transmission., Kwame E. Osei Bonsu

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Sensitivity And Bifurcation Analysis Of Tuberculosis Progression, Wenjing Zhang

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Model Of Zika Epidemic In Colombia, Sethupathy Ganesan

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Multiclass Classification And Prevalence Estimation With Applications To Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Assays, Rayanne Luke, Paul N. Patrone, Anthony J. Kearsley

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Optimal Allocation Of Limited Testing Resources For Controlling Epidemic Outbreaks, Jeffery Demers, William F. Fagan, Justin M. Calabrese

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Rewriting The Rules For Diagnostics: Implications Of Probability And Measure Theory For Sars-Cov-2 Testing, Paul Patrone, Anthony Kearsley

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Optimal Time-Dependent Classification For Diagnostic Testing, Prajakta P. Bedekar, Paul Patrone, Anthony Kearsley

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

On The Trajectory Of Gonorrhea In The Us: An Application Of Generalized Compartmental Models, Scott Greenhalgh, Anna Dumas

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Staged Hiv Transmission And Treatment In A Dynamic Model With Long-Term Partnerships, Katharine Gurski, Kathleen Hoffman

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Current Epidemiological Status And Antibiotic Resistance Profile Of Urinary Tract Infection, Muddasir Khan, Syed Hussain Shah, M. Abdullah, Muhammad Salman, Fawad Hayat, Raheela Sarwar, Neelma Hassan, Sohail Ahmad Jan, M. Saddam, Ziaur Rahman, Imran Qazi

Journal of Bioresource Management

With a longitudinal (2020–2021) completion, a set of 300 urine samples of individuals suspected of UTI was characterized based on the biochemical analysis and Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Throughout, a total of 167 samples revealed UTI positivity by obtaining bacterial growth. Reporting that E. coli (69.4 %) was the most dominant when compared with Klebsiella (14.3 %), Proteus (5.9 %), S. aureus (4.7 %), P. aeruginosa (3.5 %), and Enterobacter (1.7 %), respectively. Gender-wise discrimination showed that E. coli was highly distributed among female (50.2 %) patients. A prominent percentage of E. coli (41.9 %) was found in the …

Mothers' Perceptions Of Their Children's Weight: Opportunity For Health Promotion In Kuwait, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nawal Alqaoud, Reem Sharaf-Alddin, Muge Akpinar-Elci

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Mothers’ perceptions of their children’s weight remain mostly unknown in oil-rich countries of the Middle East.

Aims: To compare maternal perceptions of their children’s weight with actual body weight.

Methods: We used the Kuwait nutritional surveillance data for 5 consecutive years (2015-2019) (N = 5119), which were collected through face-to-face interviews with mothers of children aged 2-5 years attending vaccination centres.

Results: Of the 5119 mothers in the study, 163 (3.18%) and 332 (6.48%) had obese or overweight children, respectively. Among 4624 mothers who had normal weight children, 1350 (29.20%) perceived their children’s weight as …

Epidemiological Investigation Of Bovine Tuberculosis Infection Dynamics In Turkey, Şahi̇n Çakir, Murat Yildirim, Kadi̇r Serdar Di̇ker, Fevzi̇ye İpek Keski̇n, Selcen Yüksel, Burak Deveci̇, Erhan Akçay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A national epidemiological research project was carried out to define the dynamics affecting the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infection in Turkey and to identify the risk factors. Official veterinarian (OV) and breeder original questionnaires were produced separately as part of this study to collect thorough data regarding the disease from the field. The number of questionnaires that needed to be filled out was decided by 95% confidence interval (CI) and 5% margin of error. The findings of 371 OV and 317 breeder questionnaires completed online across the country were analyzed. In addition, 28 outbreaks determined by random method were …

Early-Life Farm Exposures And Eczema Among Adults In The Agricultural Lung Health Study, Annah B. Wyss, Thanh T. Hoang, Hilde K. Vindenes, Julie D. White, Sinjini Sikdar, Marie Richards, Laura E. Beane-Freeman, Christine G. Parks, Mikyeong Lee, David M. Umbach, Stephanie J. London

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Background

Several studies conducted in Europe have suggested a protective association between early-life farming exposure and childhood eczema or atopic dermatitis; however, few studies have examined associations in adults.

Objectives

We investigated associations between early-life exposures and eczema among 3217 adult farmers and farm spouses (mean age, 62.8 years) in a case–control study nested within an US agricultural cohort.

Methods

We used sampling-weighted logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between early-life exposures and self-reported doctor-diagnosed eczema (273 cases) and polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a 4-level outcome combining …

Elucidation Of Novel And Established Campylobacter Species With Clinical And Agricultural Significance Through Phenotypic, Genotypic, And Taxonomic Investigation, Caoimhe Lynch

Theses

Campylobacter spp. are well-established human, veterinary and economic pathogens, with a broad host range spanning from terrestrial and marine mammalian, avian and reptilian hosts. The scope of the study includes novel and notorious species within the genus, with reference to zoonotic agents Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli - the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the EU and Ireland, Campylobacter fetus that represents the most common campylobacter causing bacteraemia and two novel species isolated from pigs not described in the literature previously. C. jejuni and C. coli isolates (n = 350) recovered from broiler caecal and neck skin samples, …