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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Psychometric Properties Of The Abbreviated Perceived Motivational Climate In Exercise Questionnaire, E. Whitney G. Moore, Theresa C. Brown, Mary D. Fry
Psychometric Properties Of The Abbreviated Perceived Motivational Climate In Exercise Questionnaire, E. Whitney G. Moore, Theresa C. Brown, Mary D. Fry
Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies
The purpose of this study was to develop an abbreviated version of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire (PMCEQ-A) to provide a more practical instrument for use in applied exercise settings. In the calibration step, 2 shortened versions’ measurement and latent model values were compared to each other and the original PMCEQ using a 3-group CFA invariance testing approach with previously collected exercise setting data (N = 5,427). Based on the model fit and reliability values, the 12-item version performed better than the 17-item version. The resultant 12-item PMCEQ-A’s CFA model estimates were then compared to the PMCEQ’s model …
Understanding Stress And Aggression Behaviors Among Urban Youth, Erin E. Centeio, Laurel Whalen, Noel Kulik, Erica Thomas, Nate Mccaughtry
Understanding Stress And Aggression Behaviors Among Urban Youth, Erin E. Centeio, Laurel Whalen, Noel Kulik, Erica Thomas, Nate Mccaughtry
Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies
Background/Objective: Youth violence, including school bullying and fighting, has become a global public health problem. Stress has been identified as a factor related to aggression (i.e., bullying behaviors, fighting, and anger), of which inner-city youth are particularly vulnerable given their often disproportionately high stress living environments. Stress and aggression are of particular concern in urban physical education (PE) given the proliferation of competitive, sport-based curricula, “culture of basketball”, and the often-limited supervision that takes place. Using the Social Ecological Model, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between stress and aggression in inner-city elementary PE students. …
Yoga And Cognition: A Meta-Analysis Of Chronic And Acute Effects, Neha Gothe, Edward Mcauley
Yoga And Cognition: A Meta-Analysis Of Chronic And Acute Effects, Neha Gothe, Edward Mcauley
Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies
Objectives: To review and synthesize the existing literature on the effects of yoga on cognitive function by determining effect sizes that could serve as a platform to design, calculate statistical power, and implement future studies.
Methods: Through electronic databases, we identified acute studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga that reported cognitive outcomes. Inclusion criteria included the following: use of an objective measure of cognition and sufficient data reported to estimate an effect size. The meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. A random-effects model was used to calculate the overall weighted effect sizes, expressed as Hedge g.
Results: …
Evolution And Otitis Media: A Review, And A Model To Explain High Prevalence In Indigenous Populations, Mahmood F. Bhutta
Evolution And Otitis Media: A Review, And A Model To Explain High Prevalence In Indigenous Populations, Mahmood F. Bhutta
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media) comprises a group of disorders that are highly prevalent in childhood, and indeed are amongst the most common disorders of childhood. Otitis media is also heritable, and has effects on fecundity. This means that otitis media is subject to evolution, yet the evolutionary selection forces that may determine susceptibility to otitis media have never been adequately explored.
Here I undertake a critical analysis of evolutionary forces that may determine susceptibility to middle ear inflammation. These forces include those determining function of the middle ear, those affecting host immunity, and those affecting colonization by, …
Co-Ingestion Of Carbohydrate With Branched-Chain Amino Acids Or L-Leucine Does Not Preferentially Increase Serum Igf-1 And Expression Of Myogenic-Related Genes In Response To A Single Bout Of Resistance Exercise, Rui Li, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Matthew B. Cooke, Paul La Bounty, Bill Campbell, Mike Greenwood, Darren S. Willoughby, Richard B. Kreider
Co-Ingestion Of Carbohydrate With Branched-Chain Amino Acids Or L-Leucine Does Not Preferentially Increase Serum Igf-1 And Expression Of Myogenic-Related Genes In Response To A Single Bout Of Resistance Exercise, Rui Li, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Matthew B. Cooke, Paul La Bounty, Bill Campbell, Mike Greenwood, Darren S. Willoughby, Richard B. Kreider
Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications
This study determined if the co-ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or L-leucine (LEU) preferentially affected serum IGF-1 and the expression of myogenic-related genes in response to resistance exercise (RE). Forty one, college-age males were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: CHO, CHO-BCAA, CHO-LEU, or placebo (PLC). Resistance exercise consisted of 4 sets of leg press and leg extension at 80% 1RM. Supplements were ingested peri-exercise, and venous blood and muscle biopsies were obtained pre-exercise (PRE), and at 30, 120, and 360 min post-exercise. Serum IGF-1 was determined with ELISA, and skeletal muscle mRNA expression of …
Unstable Ventilatory Control During Sleep After High Spinal Cord Injury: The Contribution Of Chemosensitivity And Hypoventilation, Amy Therese Bascom
Unstable Ventilatory Control During Sleep After High Spinal Cord Injury: The Contribution Of Chemosensitivity And Hypoventilation, Amy Therese Bascom
Wayne State University Dissertations
ABSTRACT
UNSTABLE VENTILATORY CONTROL DURING SLEEP AFTER HIGH SPINAL CORD INJURY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF CHEMOSENSITIVITY AND HYPOVENTILATION
by
Amy T. Bascom
May 2015
Advisor: Dr. Harry G. Goshgarian
Major: Anatomy and Cell Biology
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy
A high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) after spinal cord injury (SCI) has been reported in the literature; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. My studies had 2 aims: 1) to determine the effect of the withdrawal of the wakefulness drive to breathe on the degree of hypoventilation in SCI patients and able-bodied controls and 2) to determine the response of …
Adipocyte-Induced Inflammation In Prostate Tumor Progression In Bone: Role Of Cxcr2 And Osteopontin, Aimalie Lynnette Hardaway
Adipocyte-Induced Inflammation In Prostate Tumor Progression In Bone: Role Of Cxcr2 And Osteopontin, Aimalie Lynnette Hardaway
Wayne State University Dissertations
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Evidence suggests that age and obesity, conditions associated with adipocyte accumulation in the bone marrow, are linked to increased risk of developing PCa and progressing to metastatic disease. Studies presented in this dissertation were based on the hypothesis that metastatic progression in bone is a result of a cooperative effort between bone marrow adipocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, and PCa cells. We specifically focused on two adipocyte-supplied chemokines, CXCL1 and CXCL2, and bone marrow macrophage-secreted osteopontin as key drivers of pro-inflammatory environment in the bone marrow and important …
The Relationship Between Axonal Injury, Biomarker Expression And Mechanical Response In A Rodent Head Impact Acceleration Model, Yan Li
Wayne State University Dissertations
In the United States 1.4 million people sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, resulting in 235,000 hospitalizations and 50,000 fatalities annually. Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a serious outcome of TBI that accounts for 40-50% of hospitalizations due to head injury and one third of the mortality due to TBI, and it is difficult to diagnose and evaluate. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine mechanical injury predictors for TAI and identify potential biomarkers to evaluate TAI.
In this dissertation, a modified Marmarou impact acceleration injury model was developed to allow the monitoring of velocity of the impactor …
The Therapeutic Targeting Of Folate Receptor Alpha Positive Tumors Via Folate Receptor Selective Novel 5- And 6- Substituted Pyrrolo [2,3-D]Pyrimidine Antifolates", Shermaine Kimberly Mitchell-Ryan
The Therapeutic Targeting Of Folate Receptor Alpha Positive Tumors Via Folate Receptor Selective Novel 5- And 6- Substituted Pyrrolo [2,3-D]Pyrimidine Antifolates", Shermaine Kimberly Mitchell-Ryan
Wayne State University Dissertations
Ovarian Cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death of women in the United States. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) constitutes 85-90% of malignancies within the ovary, with an alarming majority of these cases diagnosed at advanced stage. While most patients are initially highly responsive to the current treatment standard, there is a very high probability that they will recur with a drug resistant fatal disease. Currently there is no validated comprehensive model of disease progression for ovarian cancer, although tremendous progress has been made in understanding the origin of this disease and a putative precursor lesion has been identified …
Investigation Of Whether Sedentary And Physically Active Conditions Lead To Altered Gabaergic Signaling In The Rvlm, Maryetta Donna Dombrowski
Investigation Of Whether Sedentary And Physically Active Conditions Lead To Altered Gabaergic Signaling In The Rvlm, Maryetta Donna Dombrowski
Wayne State University Dissertations
Investigation of whether sedentary and physically active conditions lead to altered GABAergic signaling in the RVLM
MD Dombrowski, and PJ Mueller
Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease has been associated with elevated basal sympathetic nerve activity. The rostral ventrolateral medulla is a bilateral brainstem region that is an important for the control of resting and reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. The activity of these neurons in this region is tonically inhibited by the neurotransmitter γ-butyric amino acid (GABA). Interestingly, …
Characterization Of Oral Microbiota In Xerostomic Versus Non-Xerostomic Volunteers And In Daily Samples Following Standard Oral Hygiene Practices, Chelsea Myers
Wayne State University Theses
A thesis presented on the characterization of oral microbiota in xerostomic versus non-xerostomic volunteers and in daily samples following standard oral hygiene practices. Xerostomia is a difficult and burdensome disease that can be very difficult to diagnose. Understanding the oral microbiota between these diseased and healthy (non-xerostomic) can give us great insight on new treatments and/or prevention. Goals of the study included determining whether there substantial differences in oral microbial populations between the two groups, and whether varying nightly oral hygiene practices had an impact on next-morning oral microbiota titers or composition. Microbial loads were determined by qPCR using broad-spectrum …
Using A Novel Optogenetic Approach To Directly Assess 5-Ht1a Somatodendritic Autoreceptor Function In Response To Chronic Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment, Kelly Marie Mcgregor
Using A Novel Optogenetic Approach To Directly Assess 5-Ht1a Somatodendritic Autoreceptor Function In Response To Chronic Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment, Kelly Marie Mcgregor
Wayne State University Dissertations
Antidepressant drugs are widely used but their mechanism of action remains only partially understood. One leading hypothesis holds that a key effect of chronic treatment with a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is loss of somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor-mediated autoinhibition in serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). However, technical limitations have prevented direct testing of this hypothesis. In the current study we took advantage of optogenetic strategies to assess the effects of the classic SSRI fluoxetine on 5-HT1A receptor-mediated autoinhibition. We conducted these experiments in mice expressing the light-sensitive ion channel Channelrhodopsin (ChR) in 5-HT neurons to facilitate their …
Photodynamic Therapy As An Effective Therapeutic Approach In Mame Models Of Triple Negative And Inflammatory Breast Cancers, Neha Aggarwal
Photodynamic Therapy As An Effective Therapeutic Approach In Mame Models Of Triple Negative And Inflammatory Breast Cancers, Neha Aggarwal
Wayne State University Dissertations
Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, FDA approved therapy for
treatment of several indications including endobronchial and esophageal cancers that are
accessible to light. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)
are aggressive and lethal subtypes of breast cancer that spread to chest wall and dermal
lymphatics, respectively, sites that would be accessible to light. Both TNBC and IBC patients
have a relatively poor survival rate due to lack of targeted therapies. Use of PDT is
underexplored for breast cancers but has been proposed for treatment of subtypes for which a
targeted therapy is unavailable. …
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Axonal Injury, Biomarker Expression And Mechanical Response In A Rodent Head Impact Acceleration Model, Yan Li
Wayne State University Dissertations
In the United States 1.4 million people sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, resulting in 235,000 hospitalizations and 50,000 fatalities annually. Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a serious outcome of TBI that accounts for 40-50% of hospitalizations due to head injury and one third of the mortality due to TBI, and it is difficult to diagnose and evaluate. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine mechanical injury predictors for TAI and identify potential biomarkers to evaluate TAI.
In this dissertation, a modified Marmarou impact acceleration injury model was developed to allow the monitoring of velocity of the impactor …