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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Prevalence And Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus In Swine Feed After Mixing And Feed Batch Sequencing, C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmina Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jurgen A. Richt
Prevalence And Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus In Swine Feed After Mixing And Feed Batch Sequencing, C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmina Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jurgen A. Richt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
As the United States maintains trade with countries where African swine fever virus (ASFV) is endemic, it is critical to have methods that can detect and mitigate the risk of ASFV in potentially contaminated feed or ingredients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate feed batch sequencing as a mitigation technique for ASFV contamination in a feed mill, and 2) determine if a feed sampling method could identify ASFV following experimental inoculation. Batches of feed were manufactured in a BSL-3Ag room at Kansas State University’s Biosafety Research Institute in Manhattan, KS. First, the pilot feed manufacturing system …
A Micromorphometric Study On The Common Bile Duct And Major Duodenal Papilla Of Thedomestic Swine, Ivaylo Stefanov Stefanov
A Micromorphometric Study On The Common Bile Duct And Major Duodenal Papilla Of Thedomestic Swine, Ivaylo Stefanov Stefanov
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of the current study was to perform a comparative micromorphometric study on the thickness of mucosa, fibromuscular layer, glandular zone, serosa, and subserous layer, as well as of the entire wall of extra- and intramural parts of the porcine common bile duct in immature and mature animals. This micromorphometric study also evaluated the height and width of the lining epithelium, glandular epithelium, and goblet cells in 2-month, 6-month, and 3-year old male pigs. It was found that significant age-dependent differences in the studied parameters exist. Some differences in the studied parameters were also detected between different parts of …
Prevalence And Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus In Swine Feed After Mixing And Feed Batch Sequencing, C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmen Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jurgen A. Richt
Prevalence And Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus In Swine Feed After Mixing And Feed Batch Sequencing, C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmen Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jurgen A. Richt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
As the United States maintains trade with countries where African swine fever virus (ASFV) is endemic, it is critical to have methods that can detect and mitigate the risk of ASFV in potentially contaminated feed or ingredients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate feed batch sequencing as a mitigation technique for ASFV contamination in a feed mill, and 2) determine if a feed sampling method could identify ASFV following experimental inoculation. Batches of feed were manufactured in a BSL-3Ag room at Kansas State University’s Biosafety Research Institute in Manhattan, KS. First, the pilot feed manufacturing system …
Effects Of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Application In Swine Feed On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, A. B. Lerner, R. A. Cochrane, J. T. Gebhardt, S. S. Dritz, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, E. Porter, J. Anderson, P. C. Gauger, D. R. Magstadt, J. Zhang, B. Bass, T. P. Karnezos, B. De Rodas, J. C. Woodworth
Effects Of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Application In Swine Feed On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, A. B. Lerner, R. A. Cochrane, J. T. Gebhardt, S. S. Dritz, C. K. Jones, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, E. Porter, J. Anderson, P. C. Gauger, D. R. Magstadt, J. Zhang, B. Bass, T. P. Karnezos, B. De Rodas, J. C. Woodworth
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) application has been identified as a promising strategy to decrease viral pathogen transmission in swine feed. Four experiments were conducted to: 1) determine if MCFAs are effective when applied to feed both prior to and after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculation measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 2) evaluate the effects of varying amounts and combinations of MCFA measured by qRT-PCR, and 3) evaluate selected MCFA treatments in a bioassay. In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with the main effects of chemical treatment …
Identifying Immuno-Dominant And Neutralizing Epitopes From K88 Fimbriae Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (Etec), T. Lu, W. Zhang
Identifying Immuno-Dominant And Neutralizing Epitopes From K88 Fimbriae Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (Etec), T. Lu, W. Zhang
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) bacteria are the primary cause of diarrheal disease, especially porcine post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Post-weaning diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in piglets 3 to 10 days after weaning and causes the loss of millions of dollars annually to United States swine industry and other countries. These ETEC bacteria produce two types of virulence factors: 1) fimbriae adhesins, which promote bacterial attachment and colonization in pig small intestine; and 2) enterotoxins that disrupt fluid homeostasis and cause fluid hype-secretion and watery diarrhea. The F4 (K88) is the most important fimbria in ETEC bacteria causing PWD. …
Quality Of Oocytes In Prepubertal And Pubertal Swine, Rita Grabowska, Barbara Blaszczyk, Tomasz Stankiewicz, Tomasz Banas, Sarah Hale, Jan Udala
Quality Of Oocytes In Prepubertal And Pubertal Swine, Rita Grabowska, Barbara Blaszczyk, Tomasz Stankiewicz, Tomasz Banas, Sarah Hale, Jan Udala
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
In vitro fertilization is a common method of fertilization in the case of both humans and animals. Although this method has developed very rapidly, there are still many unanswered questions about the optimal characteristics that oocytes should have for performing this procedure. The object of this study was to describe the correlation between the diameter and size of swine oocytes in relation to pubescence. The research was conducted on ovaries of piglets (n = 65) and adult swine (n = 69). Each oocyte was examined with and without the zona pellucida. The analysis showed that the average size of the …
Assessing The Effects Of Medium Chain Fatty Acids And Fat Sources On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Viral Rna Stability And Infectivity, R. A. Cochrane, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, M. Saensukjaroenphon, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, Rachel J. Derscheid, Rodger G. Main, C. K. Jones
Assessing The Effects Of Medium Chain Fatty Acids And Fat Sources On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Viral Rna Stability And Infectivity, R. A. Cochrane, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, M. Saensukjaroenphon, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, Rachel J. Derscheid, Rodger G. Main, C. K. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Research has confirmed that chemical treatments, such as medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and commercial formaldehyde, can be effective to reduce the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross-contamination in feed. However, the efficacy of individual MCFA levels are unknown. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of commercially-available sources of MCFA and other fat sources versus a synthetic custom blend of MCFA to minimize the risk of PEDV cross-contamination as measured by qRT-PCR and bioassay. Treatments were arranged in a 17 × 4 plus 1 factorial with 17 chemical treatments: 1) Positive control with PEDV …
Evaluating The Inclusion Level Of Medium Chain Fatty Acids To Reduce The Risk Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Complete Feed And Spray-Dried Animal Plasma, R. A. Cochrane, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, M. Saensukjaroenphon, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, Rachel J. Derscheid, Drew Robert Magstadt, Paulo Elias Arruda, Alejandro Ramirez, Rodger G. Main, C. K. Jones
Evaluating The Inclusion Level Of Medium Chain Fatty Acids To Reduce The Risk Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Complete Feed And Spray-Dried Animal Plasma, R. A. Cochrane, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, M. Saensukjaroenphon, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, Rachel J. Derscheid, Drew Robert Magstadt, Paulo Elias Arruda, Alejandro Ramirez, Rodger G. Main, C. K. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Research has confirmed that chemical treatments, such as medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and commercial formaldehyde, can be effective to reduce the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross-contamination in feed. However, the efficacy of MCFA levels below 2% inclusion is unknown. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate if a 1% inclusion of MCFA is as effective at PEDV mitigation as a 2% inclusion or formaldehyde in swine feed and spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP). Treatments were arranged in a 4 × 2 × 7 plus 2 factorial with 4 chemical treatments: 1) PEDV positive with no chemical …
Evaluating The Impact Of Vevovitall And/Or Crina As Potential Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Mitigation Strategies As Determined By Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis And Bioassay, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, C. K. Jones, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, R. A. Cochrane, C. R. Stark, J. Bergstrom, Phillip Charles Gauger, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Rodger G. Main, S. S. Dritz
Evaluating The Impact Of Vevovitall And/Or Crina As Potential Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Mitigation Strategies As Determined By Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis And Bioassay, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, C. K. Jones, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, R. A. Cochrane, C. R. Stark, J. Bergstrom, Phillip Charles Gauger, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Rodger G. Main, S. S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Feed and feed ingredients have been shown to be potential vectors of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Potential strategies to mitigate the risk of disease transmission via feed and feed ingredients would be valuable to the swine and feed milling industries. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of VevoVitall (5,000 ppm; DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Parsipanny, NJ), CRINA (200 ppm; DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Parsipanny, NJ), and a combination of both products (COMBINATION; 5,000 ppm VevoVitall and 200 ppm CRINA) as feed additives with potential to mitigate the risk of PEDV, in swine gestation diet …
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Flushing Feed Manufacturing Equipment With Chemically- Treated Rice Hulls On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Cross Contamination During Feed Manufacturing, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, C. K. Jones, Phillip Charles Gauger, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, M. Muckey, R. A. Cochrane, M. Niederwerder, C. R. Stark, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Alejandro Ramirez, Rachel J. Derscheid, Rodger G. Main, S. S. Dritz
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Flushing Feed Manufacturing Equipment With Chemically- Treated Rice Hulls On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Cross Contamination During Feed Manufacturing, J. T. Gebhardt, J. C. Woodworth, C. K. Jones, Phillip Charles Gauger, M. D. Tokach, J. M. Derouchey, R. D. Goodband, M. Muckey, R. A. Cochrane, M. Niederwerder, C. R. Stark, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Alejandro Ramirez, Rachel J. Derscheid, Rodger G. Main, S. S. Dritz
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Various strategies have been proposed to mitigate potential risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) transmission via feed and feed ingredients. Wet decontamination has been found to be the most effective decontamination of feed mill surfaces; however, this is not practical on a commercial feed production-scale. Another potential mitigation strategy, easier to implement, would be using chemically-treated rice hulls flushed through the feed manufacturing equipment. The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of MCFA- or formaldehyde-treated rice hull flush batches as potential PEDV mitigation strategies during feed manufacturing. Feed without evidence of PEDV RNA contamination was inoculated …
Effect Of Thermal Mitigation On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv)- Contaminated Feed, R. A. Cochrane, L. L. Schumacher, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, Rodger G. Main, C. K. Jones
Effect Of Thermal Mitigation On Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv)- Contaminated Feed, R. A. Cochrane, L. L. Schumacher, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. Bai, Qi Chen, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, Rodger G. Main, C. K. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is primarily transmitted by fecal-oral contamination. However, epidemiological evidence has shown that swine feed and ingredients may serve as potential vectors of transmission. Since it is known that PEDV is a heat-sensitive virus, we hypothesized that a conditioner and pellet mill mimicking commercial thermal processing would mitigate PEDV infectivity. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were designed to determine if different pellet mill conditioner retention times or temperatures would impact PEDV infectivity determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and bioassay. For the first study, a 3×3×2 factorial was utilized, with three pelleting temperatures (155, …
Association Between The Muc4 G.243a > G Polymorphism And Immune Andproduction Traits In Large White Pigs, Ying Liu, Xue Mei Yin, Ri Wei Xia, Yong Jiu Huo, Guo Qiang Zhu, Sheng Long Wu, Wen Bin Bao
Association Between The Muc4 G.243a > G Polymorphism And Immune Andproduction Traits In Large White Pigs, Ying Liu, Xue Mei Yin, Ri Wei Xia, Yong Jiu Huo, Guo Qiang Zhu, Sheng Long Wu, Wen Bin Bao
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
PCR-RFLP analysis of intron 17 of the MUC4 gene was conducted in Large White pigs and associations with cytokine levels (IFN-?, IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-ß, and TNF-?), production traits (100-kg-weight day age, back-fat depth, and eye muscle depth), and reproductive performance within different litters (total number born, number born alive, number in live weaning litter) were analyzed with the aim of identifying genetic markers of disease resistance. The results revealed AA, AG, and GG genotypes, with an A243G mutation identified in the GG genotype. Correlation analysis indicated that IL-8 and IL-10 levels and 100-kg-weight day age were significantly …
Utilizing Feed Sequencing To Decrease The Risk Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Cross-Contamination During Feed Manufacturing, L. L. Schumacher, R. A. Cochrane, J. C. Woodworth, C. R. Stark, C. K. Jones, Rodger G. Main, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach
Utilizing Feed Sequencing To Decrease The Risk Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) Cross-Contamination During Feed Manufacturing, L. L. Schumacher, R. A. Cochrane, J. C. Woodworth, C. R. Stark, C. K. Jones, Rodger G. Main, Jianqiang Zhang, Phillip Charles Gauger, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Understanding key points of potential cross-contamination during the feed manufacturing process is important to developing efficacious methods to control or prevent transmission of pathogens into swine diets. In this study, an experiment was conducted involving 30 crossbred 10-d-old pigs that were used as a bioassay model for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) to determine the effects of feed batch sequencing on PEDV cross-contamination and subsequent infectivity. PEDV with a PCR cycle threshold value (Ct) of 11 was uniformly mixed into 4.5 kg of swine diet using a stainless steel bench top mixer validated for mixing efficiency. The inoculated feed was …
Evaluating Chemical Mitigation Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) In Swine Feed And Ingredients, R. A. Cochrane, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, R. A. Hesse, Jianqiang Zhang, M. D. Tokach, J. Bai, C. K. Jones
Evaluating Chemical Mitigation Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) In Swine Feed And Ingredients, R. A. Cochrane, S. S. Dritz, J. C. Woodworth, A. R. Huss, C. R. Stark, R. A. Hesse, Jianqiang Zhang, M. D. Tokach, J. Bai, C. K. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is primarily transmitted by fecal-oral contamination. Research has confirmed swine feed or ingredients as potential vectors of transmission, so strategies are needed to mitigate PEDV in feed. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of various chemical additives to prevent or mitigate post-processing PEDV contamination in swine feed and ingredients. Treatments were arranged in a 7 × 4 factorial with seven chemical treatments and four feed matrices. The chemical treatments included: negative control with no chemical addition, 0.3% commercial formaldehyde product, 1% sodium bisulfate, 1% sodium chlorate, 3% custom organic acid blend …
Prevalence And Patterns Of Antimicrobial Resistant Of Fecal Escherichia Coli Isolates Among Pigs On Eight Farrow-To-Finish Farms And Their Production Environments In Shandong Province, China, Hongchao Zhou, Lin Liu, Zhaofang Tian, Wenjuan Zhang
Prevalence And Patterns Of Antimicrobial Resistant Of Fecal Escherichia Coli Isolates Among Pigs On Eight Farrow-To-Finish Farms And Their Production Environments In Shandong Province, China, Hongchao Zhou, Lin Liu, Zhaofang Tian, Wenjuan Zhang
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates in feces of pigs and their production environments on farms. A total of 560 isolates of Escherichia coli, from 112 samples obtained from weaner and finisher pigs, feed, water, and house sparrows on 8 farrow-to-finish farms, were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. The prevalence of resistance varied widely (0.0% to 69.5%) among the antimicrobials tested. From the tested swines, 75.75% of the isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. Resistance was significantly more frequent (P = 0.005, P < 0.01) in swine isolates compared to those from feed, water, and sparrows and significantly more frequent (P = 0.007, P < 0.01) in weaner pigs compared to finisher pigs. The findings indicate that resistance to a broad range of antimicrobials was prevalent among fecal E. coli isolates of swine on the study farms. Fortunately, E. coli was not isolated from the feed, water, and house sparrows.