Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Role Of Gut Microbiome In Covid-19: An Insight Into Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Potential, Ikram Hussain, Gabriel Liu Yuan Cher, Muhammad Abbas Abid, Muhammad Bilal Abid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in an unprecedented global crisis. Although primarily a respiratory illness, dysregulated immune responses may lead to multi-organ dysfunction. Prior data showed that the resident microbial communities of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts act as modulators of local and systemic inflammatory activity (the gut-lung axis). Evolving evidence now signals an alteration in the gut microbiome, brought upon either by cytokines from the infected respiratory tract or from direct infection of the gut, or both. Dysbiosis leads to a "leaky gut". The intestinal permeability then allows access to …

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma To Pancreas And Gastrointestinal Tract: A Clinicopathological Study Of 3 Cases And Review Of Literature, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Nasir Ud Din, Ramin Saadaat, Zubair Ahmad

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) metastasizes in approximately 20-30% cases. The most common sites for metastases are the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Metastases of RCC in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are very rare. Metastatic RCC has a poor prognosis. We herein present a case series of three patients with metastatic disease in the colon, duodenum, and pancreas following complete resection of RCC.
Methods: Hematoxylin and Eosin and immunohistochemical slides of 3 cases of RCC metastatic to GIT were reviewed. These cases were diagnosed between 2002 and 2019 at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan, and …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of The Forns Score For Liver Cirrhosis In Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis, Tayyaba Bukhari, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Sibtain Ahmed, Aysha Habib Khan, Shahab Abid, Aniqa Raza, Imran Siddiqui

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is an irreversible and end-stage disease. It results from chronic liver damage characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by fibrosis, leading to the progressive loss of liver function. Making an early diagnosis of cirrhosis is important for patients with chronic hepatitis because early antiviral therapy can prevent the progression of cirrhosis and even induce regression. There have been efforts to develop surrogate markers for liver cirrhosis as the biopsy is invasive, costly, and difficult to standardize.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Section of Chemical Pathology, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory …

Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: Clinicopathological Evaluation At Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Nadira Mamoon, Hania Naveed, Mariam Abid, Humaira Nasir, Imran Nazir Ahmad, Zujajah Hameed, Asna Haroon Khan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: Clinicopathological features of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) have rarely been studied in Pakistani population. We investigated clinical characteristics of these tumours according to updated World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 classification.
Methods: The data of Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad was retrospectively analysed for pathologically confirmed GEP-NETs from January 2013 to March 2018.
Results: One hundred and eighteen patients (mean age, 52.2± 16.4 years; Of these 65(55.1%) were males. Majority, 98(83.1%) of the patients were symptomatic including 6(5.1%) with functional tumours. Pancreas was the most frequent primary site noted in 33(28%) patients. The most common histologic type was well differentiated neuroendocrine …

Pathogen-Specific Burdens Of Community Diarrhoea In Developing Countries: A Multisite Birth Cohort Study (Mal-Ed), Sadia Shakoor, Shahida Qureshi, Furqan Kabir, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Imran Ahmed, Didar Alam, Syed Asad Ali, Muneera Rasheed, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Ali Turab, Aisha Khizar Yousafzai

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Most studies of the causes of diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries have looked at severe disease in people presenting for care, and there are few estimates of pathogen-specific diarrhoea burdens in the community.
Methods: We undertook a birth cohort study with not only intensive community surveillance for diarrhoea but also routine collection of non-diarrhoeal stools from eight sites in South America, Africa, and Asia. We enrolled children within 17 days of birth, and diarrhoeal episodes (defined as maternal report of three or more loose stools in 24 h, or one loose stool with visible blood) were identified through …

Response Of Imitanib Meysylate In Patients With Gastrointestinal Stromal Cell Tumour, Abdullah Ladha, Mohammad Usman Shaikh

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

In this study, the response of Imitanib Mesylate in patients with Gastro-intestinal stromal cell tumour (GIST) was assessed. GIST results from a mutation in one of the receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Imitanib Mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has emerged as a promising new treatment for GISTs. Total 16 cases were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Response assessment was done using CT scans, at a median duration of 4 months. The median age of the patients was 52 years, Majority were male (n=14). Most common presenting complaint was abdominal pain (n=7). Commonest primary site was stomach (n=7), Liver …

Colorectal Carcinoma, Extent And Spread In Our Population. Resection Specimens Give Valuable Information, Zubair Ahmad, Rooma Idrees, Rashid Ahmed, Naila Kayani, Shahid Pervez, Sheema Habibul Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To acquire information about the extent and spread of colorectal carcinomas in our population by examining colon and colorectum resection specimens received.

Methods: All colon and colorectum resection specimens received in the section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from January 1, 2003 to July 31, 2003 were included in the study.

Results: Eighty five resection specimens were received during the study period, 69.41% patients were males, and 30.59% were females. The mean age for males was 49 years and for females 48 years. Tumor location was in left colon (58.82%), and in right colon (41.18%). The average …

Trefoil Factor 2 (Tff2) Deficiency In Murine Digestive Tract Influences The Immune System, M. Baus- Loncar, J. Schmid, El-Nasir Lalani, I. Rosewell, R. A. Goodlad, H. G.W. Stamp, N. Blin, T. Kayademir

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background & Aims:

The gastrointestinal trefoil factor family (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) peptides are considered to play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the mucosa. The physiological role of TFF2 in the protection of the GI tract was investigated in TFF2 deficiency.

Methods:

TFF2-/- mice were generated and differential expression of various genes was assessed by using a mouse expression microarray, quantitative real time PCR, Northern blots or immunohistochemistry.

Results:

On an mRNA level we found 128 differentially expressed genes. We observed modulation of a number of crucial genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity in the TFF2-/- mice. …

Cancer Esophagus Karachi 1995-2002:Epidemiology, Risk Factors And Trends, Y. Bhurgri, N. Faridi, L. A.G. Kazi, S. K. Ali, H. Bhurgri, A. Usman, J. Malik, A. Bhurgri, R. Ahmed, S. Muzaffar, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To study the trends of cancer esophagus in Karachi South during 1995-2002 and identify risk factors.

Methods: Incident esophageal cancer cases recorded at the Karachi Cancer Registry for Karachi South, during 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2003 were reviewed. For maximum completion of data, incident cases registered from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2002 were included for final analyses.

Results: The Age Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIRs) of cancer esophagus in Karachi South for males were 6.5/100,000 (1995-1997) and 6.4/100,000 (1998-2002). In females the observed rates were 7.0/100,000 (1995-1997) and 8.6/100,000 (1998-2002).

Conclusion: In the moderately high incidence, …

Gastric Carcinoma With Lymphoid Stroma: Association With Epstein Virus Genome Demonstrated By Pcr, Irshad N. Soomro, Samina Noorali, Syed Abdul Aziz, Suhail Muzaffar, Shahid Pervez, Akbar S. Hussainy, Tariq Moatter

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.