Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Risk Factors And Outcomes Of Acute Kidney Injury Among Covid-19 Patients At A Tertiary Hospital In Kenya, Susan Cheruiyot

Theses & Dissertations

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infection caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Three years later, 350,000 Kenyans had gotten the infection, with approximately 5,700 reported related deaths. Despite emerging research on the new virus, studies from the African continent on the impact of COVID-19 on the kidneys have been few. Early studies suggest that up to 75% of patients with COVID-19 have a derangement in their kidney function as evidenced by new onset proteinuria and hematuria. That said, the prevalence of acute kidney injury has varied greatly across populations, …

Prevalence Of Mental Health Conditions Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome In The United States, Anne Rivelli, Veronica Fitzpatrick, Sagar Chaudhari, Laura Chicoine, Gengjie Jia, Andrey Rzhetsky, Brian Chicoine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Findings from a recent study of the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States described prevalence of common disease conditions and strongly suggested significant disparity in mental health conditions among these individuals as compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. The retrospective, descriptive study reported herein is a follow-up to document prevalence of 58 mental health conditions across 28 years of data from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls. Patient data were abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. In general, individuals with DS had …

Prevalence Of Infectious Diseases Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome In The United States, Veronica Fitzpatrick, Anne Rivelli, Sagar Chaudhari, Laura Chicoine, Gengjie Jia, Andrey Rzhetsky, Brian Chicoine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

A recent disease prevalence study of the largest documented Down syndrome (DS) cohort in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in general infectious disease conditions among individuals with DS versus those without DS. In this follow-up retrospective analysis, we explored these differences in greater detail by calculating prevalence of 52 infectious diseases, across 28 years of data among 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large Midwestern health system. We found that the DS cohort had higher prevalence of pneumonias (including aspiration, viral, bacterial, pneumococcal, and unspecified/atypical); otitis externa; …

Prevalence Of Endocrine Disorders Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome In The United States, Anne Rivelli, Veronica Fitzpatrick, Danielle Wales, Laura Chicoine, Gengjie Jia, Andrey Rzhetsky, Brian Chicoine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Findings from a recent study describing prevalence of common disease conditions in the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in endocrine disorders among these individuals when compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. This retrospective, descriptive study is a follow-up report documenting prevalence of 21 endocrine disorder conditions, across 28 years of data, from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. Overall, individuals with DS experienced higher prevalence of adrenal insufficiency and Addison’s disease; …

Cigarette Smoking And Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Male South Asian Migrants In The United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study, Raghib Ali, Tom Loney, Mohammed Al-Houqani, Iain Blair, Faisal Aziz, Salma Al Dhaheri, Iffat El Barazi, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Syed M. Shah

Department of Family Medicine

Background: Few data were available on smoking and smokeless tobacco use in South Asian migrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in male South Asian migrants in the UAE.
Methods: We used a cross-sectional study to recruit a random representative sample of male South Asian migrants, including Indian (n = 433), Pakistani (n = 383) and Bangladeshi (n = 559) nationalities. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify significant correlates of cigarettes smoking and smokeless tobacco use.
Results: 1375 South Asian migrant adult …

Regional Variation In Chronic Kidney Disease And Associated Factors In Hypertensive Individuals In Rural South Asia: Findings From Control Of Blood Pressure And Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan And Sri Lanka, Liang Feng, Hithanadura Asita De Silva, Imtiaz Jehan, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Gulshan Himani, Mohammad Abul Hasnat, Tazeen Jafar, Cobra-Bps Study Group

Community Health Sciences

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its cross-country variation among hypertensive individuals in rural Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. We also explored the factors associated with CKD in these populations.
Method: We studied baseline data from the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation-Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (COBRA-BPS) trial, an ongoing cluster randomized controlled trial on 2643 hypertensive adults ≥40 years of age from 30 randomly selected rural clusters, 10 in each of the three countries. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) /min/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin:creatinine …

Measuring Multimorbidity, Eng Sing E S Lee

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Multimorbidity is common. The gaps in multimorbidity research are in the measurement of the prevalence, the levels of multimorbidity and its associated outcomes.

This thesis aimed to provide a uniform definition for multimorbidity, identify instruments for measuring the level of multimorbidity, and describe patient-reported outcomes for different levels of multimorbidity.

Three studies were conducted. The first determined the prevalence rates of multimorbidity and explored whether there were differences among the different age, gender and ethnic groups in the primary care population. Common dyads and triads of conditions were described. The systematic review updated the list of instruments for measuring the …

Multimorbidity Among Adult Primary Health Care Patients In Canada: Examining Multiple Chronic Diseases Using An Electronic Medical Record Database, Kathryn Nicholson

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: The coexistence of multiple chronic diseases within an individual, also known as multimorbidity, is an ongoing challenge for patients, caregivers and primary health care (PHC) providers. An enhanced understanding of the burden of multimorbidity in Canada is needed.

Objectives: This research had two main objectives. Objective One aimed to understand the prevalence of multimorbidity among adult PHC patients, as well as the patterns of unordered and ordered clusters of multiple chronic diseases. Objective Two aimed to determine the natural progression of multimorbidity over time, as well as the patient-, provider- and practice-level predictors of progressing into more complex clinical …

The Interplay Of Obesity And Asthma, James Plumb, Rickie Brawer, Nancy Brisbon

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

The relationships, interactions, and association between obesity and asthma are complex, and are active sources of hypotheses and research. An association between obesity and asthma has been reported in many studies, although considerable debate about the existence of the association and its meaning still exists. Potential associative relationships may result from genetics, immune system modifications, and mechanical mechanisms. The rising prevalence of asthma and obesity in children and adults, and the significant morbidity from both, makes it imperative that clinicians recognize the importance of weight management in patients with and without asthma.

Myths Regarding Treatment Of Hepatitis: The Vicious Cycle Of Increasing Morbidity, Waris Qidwai, Naureen Alim, Iqbal Azam

Department of Family Medicine

Viral hepatitis has high prevalence rates in Pakistan. It is a potentially serious condition with associated high morbidity and mortality. Studies from neighboring regions document significant utilization of the services of faith healers for the treatment of patients with hepatitis. This article is a short communication