Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Use Of A Primary Care Dataset To Describe ‘The Real Picture’ Of Diabetes In Kimberley Aboriginal Communities, Caitlyn S. White, Kimberley Seear, Lorraine Anderson, Emma Griffiths

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Objective
Aboriginal communities are impacted by high rates of diabetes, however these are currently underestimated by national data sources used by policy and decision makers to inform allocation of health resources. We aimed to estimate diabetes prevalence and screening coverage using primary care electronic medical record data.

Methods
A cross-sectional audit was conducted using primary care data from Aboriginal regular Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) clinic attendees aged 15 years and over (n=1763) in five remote communities in the Kimberley region. Main outcome measures were overall diabetes prevalence; age-specific diabetes prevalence; prevalence of pre-diabetes; and screening rates among patients …

Leveraging The Strength Of Collaboration In Rapidly Changing Times: The 29th Annual Conference Of The Health Care Systems Research Network, Michael A. Horberg, Suzanne Simons

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

On February 21, 2023, the 29th annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) kicked off at the Sheraton Downtown Denver with more than 320 participants from 20 HCSRN member institutions. Attendees gathered, in person, to reconnect and network during the 3-day conference, which featured the theme Leveraging the Power of the Network in Rapidly Changing Times. This paper highlights takeaways from the conference’s plenary sessions, panel discussions, and abstract presentations.

Overlooked Sex And Gender Aspects Of Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Lessons Learned From Covid-19 To Move Towards Health Equity In Pandemic Response, Lynn Lieberman Lawry, Roberta Lugo-Robles, Vicki Mciver

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Sex and gender issues are especially important in emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) but are routinely overlooked despite data and practice. Each of these have an effect either directly, via the effects on vulnerability to infectious diseases, exposures to infectious pathogens, and responses to illness, and indirectly through effects on disease prevention and control programs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has underscored the importance of understanding the sex and gender impacts on pandemics. This review takes a broader looks at how sex and gender impact vulnerability, exposure risk, and treatment and …

Elucidating Mechanisms Influencing Maternal Postpartum Health: The Protective Benefits Of Breastfeeding And Associations With Allostatic Load, Experiences Of Stress, And Resiliency, Bi-Sek J. Hsiao

Doctoral Dissertations

Research has established breastfeeding as protective of maternal health, but little is known about the ways breastfeeding interacts with chronic stress pathways and interfaces with stressors such as discrimination and neighborhood deprivation, which are salient in the experiences of many marginalized communities. This research addresses these knowledge gaps through secondary analyses of prospective cohort data generated by the Community Child Health Research Network through Community Based Participatory Research processes. Analytical samples were derived from 2510 postpartum women from five regions in the U.S. who self-identified as Black, Hispanic, or White. Study 1 investigated and found an inverse association between breastfeeding …

An Intersectional Analysis Of Intimate Partner Violence In Canada, Isabella V. Aversa

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a recognized public health issue that can lead to poor mental and physical health outcomes. It is critical to take an intersectional approach to understanding the ways that social and interpersonal power impact IPV.

Methods: Random Forest was used to aid in social group selection when forming intersections. Multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) was used to estimate the prevalence of IPV across intersections. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the context in which IPV occurred.

Results: The prevalence of IPV was greatest for cisgender women, transgender, and non-binary individuals, aged …

Structural Violence & Small Victories: Political Epidemiology Of Hiv Among Msm In Nigeria, 2000-2010, Debbie A. Dada

Harvey M. Applebaum ’59 Award

No abstract provided.

Quantifying Timely Access To Surgery: A Global Modelling Study, Joo-Hyun Jeong

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six core indicators to track access to safe, timely, and affordable surgery. We identified published data for countries reporting Indicator 1 (Access to timely essential surgery), defined as a country’s proportion of population living within two hours from the nearest surgery-capable facility, and conducted geospatial analyses to estimate this metric in other countries. In the primary analysis using this data, linear regression models were run to project this indicator for all countries globally according to their Human Development Index; followed by secondary analyses using broader definitions for surgical access, then by sensitivity analyses …

Exploring Social Determinants Of Covid-19 Related Sickness And Suffering In The Bronx, Hamida Chumpa

Student Theses and Dissertations

Through a positivistic and phenomenological approach, the study examines social determinants of COVID-19 related sickness and suffering in the Bronx, New York City, New York, ZIP codes 10462, 10472, 10467, 10458, 10474, and 10464. I utilize a violence paradigm (structural and everyday violence) to describe the social determinants of risk and sickness-related suffering and deploy an assemblage framework to shed light on how these determinants create negative synergies that undermine wellbeing and render certain communities vulnerable to extreme suffering. The mixed methods include 64 surveys and eight interviews. Analysis methods include a descriptive analysis of survey results and a thematic …

The Impact Of The Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program On Healthy Days, Health Inequity, And Hospital Community Benefit Spending, Samhita Kadiyala

Scripps Senior Theses

The Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program (HVBP) is a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) program implemented in 2012 to reward acute-care hospitals with incentive payments for the quality of care provided to Medicare patients in inpatient settings. Under this policy, payment adjustments are made based on a variety of factors including clinical quality, patient experience, and cost reductions. This paper uses state-level variation in the implementation of HVBP to ascertain whether the policy led to improvements in Healthy Days (a CDC-designed composite measure of individuals’ self-reported number of physically and mentally “healthy” days per month), health disparities, and community …

The Current State Of Migrant Health In Morocco: Pre-And Peri-Covid-19 Pandemic, Layla Babahaji

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the early 21st century, Morocco transitioned from being a predominantly transit migration country into both a transit and destination country for migrants. In 2013, the Moroccan government took significant steps to adapt the healthcare system in better integrating migrants in its policies. The government implemented the National Strategy on Immigration and Asylum that improved access to public health care for migrants. Recently, in March of 2020, Morocco declared a state of medical emergency due to the current COVID-19 pandemic that continues today. This paper addresses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current state of migrant health in …

The Impact Of African American Male Incarceration Rates On The Racial Disparities In Hiv/Aids Rates, Michelle S. Aelion

DePaul Discoveries

In the United States, HIV/AIDS disproportionately impacts African Americans and African American communities. The nature of this national health disparity is complex and cannot be explained simply by one factor or an individual’s behavior within a given community. This paper suggests that the disparity in African American male incarceration rates is among the most important factors to consider in the racial disparities of HIV/AIDS rates. Existing studies on relevant subjects were examined and used to create a conceptual model of factors. This model presents an outline of factors during pre-incarceration, incarceration, and post-incarceration that contribute to the racial disparities in …

Trends And Disparities In Tb Among U.S.-Born Black And White Chicago Residents, 1998-2008, Susan A. Lippold, Lori Armstrong, Jennifer M. Carter, Xiomara Hardison

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the decline of tuberculosis (TB) cases among U.S.-born non-Hispanic (NH) black and white Chicago residents.

METHODS: Data from the National TB Surveillance System was used to analyze trends and characteristics of reported TB cases among U.S.-born NH black and U.S.-born NH white Chicago residents from 1998-2008.

RESULTS: Chicago reported a total of 3,821 TB cases over the 11-year time period. Of these, 1,916 were U.S.-born NH black and 235 were U.S.-born NH white. The proportion of cases attributable to U.S.-born NH blacks was 63% (294/469) in 1998 and 34% in 2008 (72/213). Analysis for trends from …