Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Risk Of New Bloodstream Infections And Mortality Among People Who Inject Drugs With Infective Endocarditis., Charlie Tan, Esfandiar Shojaei, Joshua C. Wiener, Meera Shah, Sharon Koivu, Michael Silverman

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

IMPORTANCE: People who inject drugs (PWID) who are being treated for infective endocarditis remain at risk of new bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to ongoing intravenous drug use (IVDU).

OBJECTIVES: To characterize new BSIs in PWID receiving treatment for infective endocarditis, to determine the clinical factors associated with their development, and to determine whether new BSIs and treatment setting are associated with mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study was performed at 3 tertiary care hospitals in London, Ontario, Canada, from April 1, 2007, to March 31, 2018. Participants included a consecutive sample of all PWID 18 years or …

Motor Vehicle Fatalities During Memorial Day Weekends, 1981-2016, Yuni Tang, Kendra Ratnapradipa, Henry Xiang, Motao Zhu

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of injury death in the United States, and Memorial Day weekend is one of six holiday periods with an increased number of motor vehicle fatalities in the United States. However, few motor vehicle fatality comparisons were made between Memorial Day weekend and non-holiday periods. Our aims were to determine which day(s) during the holiday had highest motor vehicle fatality risk compared to non-holiday travel and to identify potential risk factors.

RESULTS: Of 43,457 traffic fatalities studied, 15,292 (35%) occurred during the holiday, with Saturday being deadliest but Monday having highest odds of …

Deployment And Travel Medicine Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, And Outcomes Study (Kapos): Malaria Chemoprophylaxis Prescription Patterns In The Military Health System, Patrick W. Hickey, Indrani Mitra, Jamie Fraser, David Brett-Major, Mark S. Riddle, David R. Tribble

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

The Deployment and Travel Medicine Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Outcomes Study (KAPOS) examines the integrated relationship between provider and patient inputs and health outcomes associated with travel and deployments. This study describes malaria chemoprophylaxis prescribing patterns by medical providers within the U.S. Department of Defense's Military Health System and its network of civilian healthcare providers during a 5-year period. Chemoprophylaxis varied by practice setting, beneficiary status, and providers' travel medicine expertise. Whereas both civilian and military facilities prescribe an increasing proportion of atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline remains the most prevalent antimalarial at military facility based practices. Civilian providers dispense higher rates of …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Chest Computed Tomography Scans For Suspected Patients With Covid-19: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis, Lianpin Wu, Qike Jin, Jie Chen, Jiawei He, David Brett-Major, Jianghu James Dong

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly available in clinical care globally. They enable a rapid and detailed assessment of tissue and organ involvement in disease processes that are relevant to diagnosis and management, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to identify differences in the CT scan findings of patients who were COVID-19 positive (confirmed via nucleic acid testing) to patients who were confirmed COVID-19 negative.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was proposed to compare patient clinical characteristics and CT scan findings in suspected COVID-19 cases. A multivariable logistic model with …

Parasitic Infections Represent A Significant Health Threat Among Recent Immigrants In Chicago, Jesica A. Herrick, Monica Nordstrom, Patrick M. Maloney, Miguel Rodriguez, Kevin Naceanceno, Gloria Gallo, Rojelio Mejia, Ron Hershow

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Parasitic infections are likely under-recognized among immigrant populations in the USA. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate if such infections have health impacts among recent immigrants in Chicago and to identify predictive factors for parasitic infections. A total of 133 recent immigrants were enrolled, filling out a standardized medical questionnaire and providing blood and stool samples. Appriximately 12% of subjects (15/125) who provided a blood or stool sample for testing were found to have evidence of current or prior infection with a pathogenic parasite, of which Toxocara spp. (8 subjects, 6.4%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (5 subjects, 4%) were most …