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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Medication Beliefs And Behaviors Of Hypertensive Caribbean Immigrants Living In New York City, Nadia Williams
Medication Beliefs And Behaviors Of Hypertensive Caribbean Immigrants Living In New York City, Nadia Williams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hypertension remains a worldwide health phenomenon with serious health consequences including heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, and heart failure. Beliefs about medicines have been shown to influence hypertension outcomes. Medication adherence has emerged as a vital component of hypertension control and management. However, there has been limited research which addresses beliefs about medicines and medication adherence in Blacks of Caribbean origin. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to identify the beliefs about medications held among hypertensive Caribbean immigrants living in New York City using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire to identify what factors/barriers were related to these specific medication …
Living In An Oil-Polluted Region In Nigeria As A Risk Factor In Colorectal Cancer Development, Steve Nwachi Onya
Living In An Oil-Polluted Region In Nigeria As A Risk Factor In Colorectal Cancer Development, Steve Nwachi Onya
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Due to differences in exposure to various risk factors, colorectal cancer (CRC) rates differ in regions of Nigeria. Although the people living in the Southsouth, an oil-producing region, are concerned that they are most affected, there is insufficient research to address these concerns. The purpose of this quantitative ecological study was to investigate whether living in the oil-polluted region in Nigeria is associated with an excess CRC incidence rate. The potential spatial autocorrelation of CRC incidence among the contiguous regions was also examined. The study was grounded in the ecosocial theoretical framework. Data were extracted from the Nigeria National System …
Marital Status And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mortality In A Southern County, Javis Nkwanwoh
Marital Status And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mortality In A Southern County, Javis Nkwanwoh
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a substantial cause of mortality, particularly among U.S. segments of the population. Marriage is protective of HIV/AIDS mortality due to monogamy; however, the increased risk of HIV/AIDS mortality among other marital subgroups is understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between marital status and HIV/AIDS mortality among a cohort of HIV infected individuals in a southern county. Mills' behavior theory guided this research as it posits that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which occurs through the interaction with the environment. The study had a quantitative research design …
Effects Of Hepatitis On Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Suppression, Andrenita Checoby West
Effects Of Hepatitis On Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Suppression, Andrenita Checoby West
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis leads to unfavorable health outcomes, making treatment of HIV difficult and increasing the odds of HIV transmission. The purpose of this study is to assess whether viral hepatitis (B and C) hinders HIV viral suppression and impacts the white blood cell count (CD4) when a person is concurrently infected with both viruses. The syndemics theory guided this study. Two research questions tested whether there was an association between coinfection with viral hepatitis and HIV viral load suppression. The research design was quantitative case-control with secondary data from 65,626 reports of HIV, …
Receiving Positive Hiv Test Results From Home Testing And Suicidality, Nekeisha A. Hewitt
Receiving Positive Hiv Test Results From Home Testing And Suicidality, Nekeisha A. Hewitt
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Limited studies have been conducted on whether receiving a positive result from at-home HIV testing correlates with suicidality (suicidal attempt or ideation). Based on the Ajzen theory of planned behavior, this cross-sectional study comprises a surveyed convenience sample of (N = 213) HIV -positive or negative adults who either tested for HIV at home or in-clinic. The purpose of this study was to explore any association between testing positive for HIV using the HIV at-home test kit and (a) suicidal attempt and (b) suicidal ideation; also, to discover any association between (c) HIV-negative and suicidality and (d) all HIV-positives …
How Cyber Activity Influences Depression And Anxiety In Teenagers, Mary Fridah Gatwiri Muiruri
How Cyber Activity Influences Depression And Anxiety In Teenagers, Mary Fridah Gatwiri Muiruri
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Both depression and anxiety have been a focus of scholars since their rates have recently skyrocketed from 5.4 % in 2003 to 20 % currently among teenagers in the United States. Although numerous studies have assessed the association between playing video games and depression, few studies have examined how cyberbullying and screen time contribute to depressive symptoms in teenagers. The purpose of this study was to analyze cyberbullying and screen time on depression in teens. . The exploration of associations between the dependent variable, depression, and the independent variables, screen time, video gaming, and cyberbullying, were guided by Bandura’s social …
Drug-Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae; Identification Of At-Risk Groups In Florida By Regional Variation, Scott August Herber
Drug-Resistant Neisseria Gonorrhoeae; Identification Of At-Risk Groups In Florida By Regional Variation, Scott August Herber
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been on the rise in the State of Florida since 2013. Florida currently follows the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for identifying those at-risk for gonorrhea and drug resistant gonorrhea infections. These groups are narrowly defined and do not consider the different population dynamics throughout the State. This study examined the question of who is at-risk for contracting drug resistant strains of gonorrhea in the eight different regions of Florida based on the prescribed use of last-line-of-antibiotic-defense. Florida’s Surveillance Tools and Reporting System provided 12 years of secondary data from 2007 to 2018. The data …
Association Between Food Insecurity And Influenza Outcome In The United States., Sabrina Fiona Pink
Association Between Food Insecurity And Influenza Outcome In The United States., Sabrina Fiona Pink
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractThe influenza virus is one of the most commonly occurring respiratory viral infections in the world. The outer capsule of the virus contains 18H proteins and 11N proteins, which allows the virus to reform in over 100 different strands and outperform the vaccine. Despite efforts to improve access to care and reduce vaccine inequities; the Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimates 9-45 million documented influenza-related illnesses, 140,000 to 810,000 hospitalization, and 64,000 deaths yearly. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether food insecurity, access to care and other social determinants of health such as age, race, and …
Interrelationships Of Sociodemographic And Biological Factors In Breast Cancer Mortality Disparity Affecting Young Black Women, Richard Mutyabule
Interrelationships Of Sociodemographic And Biological Factors In Breast Cancer Mortality Disparity Affecting Young Black Women, Richard Mutyabule
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite improved overall survival among breast cancer patients, race and biological subtype-specific disparities persist. Subsequently, this retrospective longitudinal study, guided by ecosocial theory, examined associations between biological subtypes of breast cancer and patient-level sociodemographic factors on survival outcomes in women 25 to 44 years of age. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 34,007 breast cancer cases between 2013 and 2018 were extracted. Kaplan Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to examine time to event and the adjusted mortality risk by race and breast cancer subtype. There was a statistically significant difference in survival among young …
Physicians’ Perceptions And Intent To Use Mcdonald Guidelines For Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, Daniel E. O'Brien
Physicians’ Perceptions And Intent To Use Mcdonald Guidelines For Diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, Daniel E. O'Brien
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects close to 400,000 patients in the United States and roughly 2.3 million people around the world. Because this is a growing global public health concern, researchers and clinicians are calling for a more efficient adoption of these McDonald MS guidelines in clinical practice as outlined in newly diagnosed guidelines. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the independent variables gender, guidelines knowledge, years in practice and intent to use the McDonald MS guidelines for diagnosing MS among physicians. …
Demographic And Socioeconomic Determinants Of Lassa Fever In Edo State, Nigeria, Faith Ogagaroghene Ireye
Demographic And Socioeconomic Determinants Of Lassa Fever In Edo State, Nigeria, Faith Ogagaroghene Ireye
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Yearly outbreaks of the disease occur in Edo State, Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic and socioeconomic factors that can influence transmission of the disease. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework was used in this research study. This framework describes the relationship between structural and intermediary factors and how they determine health outcomes. To answer the research question of how demographic and socioeconomic factors influence Lassa fever transmission in Edo State, a cross-sectional …
Analysis Of Malaria-Induced Anemia And Gender Differences Among Children In Nigeria, Temitope Bamgbose
Analysis Of Malaria-Induced Anemia And Gender Differences Among Children In Nigeria, Temitope Bamgbose
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Malaria is one of the leading causes of death among children under 5 years old in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Also, public health efforts on malaria prevention have been successful in many regions but remains an issue in SSA. Malaria-induced anemia (MA) is associated with health complications among children. The impact of several sociodemographic factors (age, gender, residential type, and parent’s educational level) and malaria preventive/intervention measures such as mosquito net use and malaria medication use among children under 5 years old in Nigeria were assessed to inform malaria best practices and strategies, prioritize resource allocation, and support existing literature on …
Diabetes Management And Self-Perception Of Health Among Adults In The United States, Moses Ajoku
Diabetes Management And Self-Perception Of Health Among Adults In The United States, Moses Ajoku
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The burden and complications of diabetes have been a public health concern and societal challenge for decades, and the rate of prevalence is projected to increase in the future. The study aims to examine the association between blood glucose monitoring, glycated hemoglobin test, and self-perceived health status among diabetic adults in the United States. Guided by the chronic care model, the study used data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to investigate diabetes management practices among diabetic adults in the United States. Quantitative and cross-sectional methods were used to assess the associations between diabetes management practices and self-perceived …
Impact Of Case Management On Childhood Lead Exposure In Marion County, Indiana, Maliki Yacouba
Impact Of Case Management On Childhood Lead Exposure In Marion County, Indiana, Maliki Yacouba
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently declared that no amount of childhood blood lead level (BLL) is safe. The purpose of this quantitative study with a retrospective cohort design was to evaluate the effectiveness of case management intervention on children diagnosed with elevated BLL (EBLL; ≥ 5 μg/dL) in Marion, County, Indiana. The health belief model was used as the theoretical foundation for the study. A data set of 160 lead exposure case management records was analyzed to find whether: (a) BLL at post-case-management time significantly differ from BLL at baseline (b) BLL at post-case-management time is affected …
Effects Of Trained Providers And Naloxone Distribution On Prescription Opioid Use Disorder, Samuel Sarpong
Effects Of Trained Providers And Naloxone Distribution On Prescription Opioid Use Disorder, Samuel Sarpong
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
AbstractOpioid abuse and overdose are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality rates, as well as social and economic costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of state-sponsored prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) trained healthcare providers and community-based naloxone distribution program related factors in the states of Florida and Georgia for the prevention and reduction of prescription opioid use disorder, overdose, and deaths. The research theory adopted was the socio-ecological model with an emphasis on risk factors such as age. The study used secondary data from 2014 to 2018 from the Florida and Georgia …
Risk Factors For Foodborne Illness Outbreaks In Retail Food Establishments, Brendalee Viveiros
Risk Factors For Foodborne Illness Outbreaks In Retail Food Establishments, Brendalee Viveiros
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite policies and interventions over the last two decades, foodborne illness remains a significant public health concern. According to the CDC’s Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System, 60% of reported foodborne illness outbreaks involved food that was prepared at a restaurant. Reducing foodborne illness outbreaks that occur at restaurants would have a significant impact on the overall number of foodborne illnesses that occur each year. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the differences in risk factors in food establishments that have had a foodborne illness outbreak compared to food establishments that have not. This study used Reckwitz’s theory …
The Power Of Exogenous Variables In Predicting West Nile Virus In South Carolina, Christopher Lee Glaze
The Power Of Exogenous Variables In Predicting West Nile Virus In South Carolina, Christopher Lee Glaze
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite the availability of medical data, environmental surveillance tools, and heightened public awareness, West Nile Virus (WNv) remains a global health hazard. Reliable methods for predicting WNv outbreaks remain elusive, and environmental health managers must take preventive actions without the benefit of simple predictive tools. The purpose of this ex post facto research was to examine the accuracy and timeliness of exogenous data in predicting outbreaks of WNv in South Carolina. Decision theory, the CYNEFIN construct, and systems theory provided the theoretical framework for this study, allowing the researcher to broaden traditional decision theory concepts with powerful system-level precepts. Using …
Suicidal Ideation Among American Indian And Alaska Natives In The United States, Lacie Lashawn Tillman
Suicidal Ideation Among American Indian And Alaska Natives In The United States, Lacie Lashawn Tillman
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Suicidal ideation is a silent public health issue across the United States. Evidence suggests that suicidal ideation is a predictor of suicide attempt and completion. Suicide is a leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) in the United States, especially among younger people. Alcohol and illicit drug use, coupled with poor social conditions, can lead to suicidal ideations—and sometimes suicide completion. Using social cognitive theory, this quantitative cross-sectional study compared variables within the 2017, 2018, and 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to determine the effect that alcohol and/or illicit drug use has on …
Hpv Vaccination Rates Among Males In Minority Populations, Andrew Lemke
Hpv Vaccination Rates Among Males In Minority Populations, Andrew Lemke
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Ethnic minorities are less likely to be vaccinated in comparison to White individuals. As a result, Blacks have one of the highest rates of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related complications. The purpose of the quantitative study was to identify significant factors predicting initiation of HPV vaccination in Black male adolescents. The study was based on the constructs of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior and used a cross-sectional design that involved weighted data from the 2018 National Immunization Survey (n=395,067) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The research questions were based on how factors such as fear, family involvement, sexual …
Effect Of Insecticide-Treated Nets On Anemia In Nigerian Children, Adamu Onu
Effect Of Insecticide-Treated Nets On Anemia In Nigerian Children, Adamu Onu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Childhood anemia is a significant public health problem in Nigeria and frequently coexists with malaria. The mortality associated with malaria increases when anemia is present. Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are a cheap and effective malaria preventive measure that can provide a protective barrier from insects. There are conflicting results from several studies on the effect of ITNs on anemia in children, with fewer studies on the effect of ITNs on anemia in Nigerian children. This study aimed to measure the effect of ITN use on anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Nigeria. The social ecological model was used as the …
Current Effects Of U.S. Preventive Care Quality Narratives On Preventive Health Services, James Fisher
Current Effects Of U.S. Preventive Care Quality Narratives On Preventive Health Services, James Fisher
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In the interest of improving patient outcomes, significant investments in operationalized quality of care within the Medicare space have promulgated a low-resolution narrative predicated on conflation of higher quality scores with improved population health. Concomitant financial incentivization of Medicare Advantage plans through aligned Star Measures places contracts as the fundamental unit of most care quality analyses, but no studies have considered how present incentivization schema have impacted physician use and associated quality scores over time for breast cancer screening (BCS), colorectal cancer screening (CCS), and annual flu vaccination (AFV) at a county level. Guided by the Evidence Based Model framework, …
Hospital Emergency Room Visits For Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Henry John Mead
Hospital Emergency Room Visits For Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Henry John Mead
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a well-recognized health issue among women of reproductive age. The characteristics and demographics of women in the community with HMB who present at the emergency department (ED) are not well described. This research aimed to describe the cohort of women who seek treatment at the ED. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2016 National Emergency Department Sample was examined. The theory of reasoned action predicts that women who present at the ED are exhibiting health seeking behavior. From 32 million records, the inception cohort identified N = 111,555 cases. Using national estimation weights, this translates …
Substance Use, Mental Health Problems And Missed Appointments By Race, Gender, And Sexual Orientation Among Hiv-Infected Individuals, Abraham Adonis Anderson
Substance Use, Mental Health Problems And Missed Appointments By Race, Gender, And Sexual Orientation Among Hiv-Infected Individuals, Abraham Adonis Anderson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disproportionately affects African American men who have sex with men. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2020 African American adult and adolescent African American men accounted for 42% (16,002) of all HIV diagnoses (37,968). Furthermore, while substance use is common among this population, in previous studies very few individuals with HIV have reported receiving substance abuse treatment or discussing substance use with HIV medical providers. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in substance use/mental health problems by race, gender, and sexual orientation among HIV-infected individuals. This study also …
Assessing The Risk Of Developing Liver Cancer Among Adults In The United States, Magbor Oben
Assessing The Risk Of Developing Liver Cancer Among Adults In The United States, Magbor Oben
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The risk of developing liver cancer among adults in the United States remains asignificant threat due to an increasing prevalence of the disease. Despite the identification of some biological, environmental, and socioeconomic risk factors, uncertainty exists as to the role of sociodemographic factors. In this study, participants (N=27,804), age 18 and over, were assessed for liver cancer outcome specific to three factors liver disease, insurance coverage, and access to healthcare. With the person-centered care model as the framework, data from the 2016 National Health and Interview Surveys were subjected to the selection criteria and quantitatively analyzed using binary logistic regression. …
The Impact Of Obesity, Race, Age, Education, Income, And Healthcare Coverage On Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mississippi Women, Henrietta Tamika Ross
The Impact Of Obesity, Race, Age, Education, Income, And Healthcare Coverage On Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mississippi Women, Henrietta Tamika Ross
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The human papilloma virus is the necessary agent in the development of cervical cancer. It is through screening exams like the Papanicolaou (Pap) test that cervical changes can be identified, and cervical cancer can be diagnosed in the early stage of cancer. The Pap test has aided in decreasing the rate of cervical cancer and the morbidity of cervical cancer. However, cervical cancer rates and mortality rates from cervical cancer are still the highest among women in Mississippi. Additionally, obesity rates among those who reside in Mississippi are the second highest in the United States. The purpose of this quantitative …
Relating Overweight/Obesity And Psychosocial Outcomes Among Racial/Ethnic And Sexual Minority Adolescents, Cadene T. Douglas
Relating Overweight/Obesity And Psychosocial Outcomes Among Racial/Ethnic And Sexual Minority Adolescents, Cadene T. Douglas
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adolescents being overweight/obese is a public health crisis that threatens the health and welfare of adolescents going into adulthood and places a significant strain on society. It has been described as one of the most severe public health challenges of the 21st century by the World Health Organization. The pervasiveness of obesity in adolescents rose by 47.1% over the last three decades, and it disproportionally affects racial/ethnic minority lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons. Guided by distal and proximal health behaviors, the minority stress model, and intersectionality, the purpose of this study was to examine whether being overweight or obese …
Association Between Asymptomatic Malaria Infection And Pregnancy Outcome In Delta State, Nigeria, Sadiatu Sally Obi
Association Between Asymptomatic Malaria Infection And Pregnancy Outcome In Delta State, Nigeria, Sadiatu Sally Obi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Pregnant women are vulnerable due to the pregnancy-induced suppressed immunity in malaria-endemic areas. Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy (MiP) threatens both the mother, fetus, and neonate via chronic placental malaria which impacts maternal-neonatal exchange. Some studies reported that MiP risk factors vary across locations, however, there are few studies on MiP and pregnancy outcome in Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between asymptomatic placental malaria infection and pregnancy outcome among parturients in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. This study was developed with a quantitative methodology that utilized primary and secondary healthcare data from 483 subjects aged 18–49 …
Relationship Between Cultural And Religious Practices And Ebola Virus In Freetown, Sierra Leone, Richmond Samuel Kpange
Relationship Between Cultural And Religious Practices And Ebola Virus In Freetown, Sierra Leone, Richmond Samuel Kpange
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The 2014 Ebola virus epidemic in the West Coast of Africa was a historically unprecedented epidemic with a sustained spread in multiple West African nations, including Sierra Leone. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified Sierra Leone as a high Ebola-affected country as it reported the highest number of deaths (14,124) during the last Ebola outbreak compared to other Ebola-affected countries. Public health experts have given little attention to the impact of sociocultural factors on infectious diseases, especially Ebola. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between the spread of EVD and a patient’s gender, …
Leadership, Quality Improvement, Team Functionality, And Hiv Viral Load Suppression In Uganda, Esther Karungi Karamagi Nkolo
Leadership, Quality Improvement, Team Functionality, And Hiv Viral Load Suppression In Uganda, Esther Karungi Karamagi Nkolo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Low viral load suppression rate is a significant public health issue in Uganda and similar countries. A nationwide quality improvement (QI) initiative was implemented from January 2019 to improve viral load suppression. Although QI team characteristics have been shown to influence the success of such QI initiatives, no studies have been found to understand how they influence the success of QI efforts to improve HIV viral load suppression in Uganda. The purpose of this cross-sectional, quantitative study was to determine whether there is a significant association between HIV clinic leader involvement in QI teams, QI team functionality, QI team diversity, …
The Causes And Control Measures Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae In Long-Term Care Facilities, Ismaila Olatunji Sule
The Causes And Control Measures Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae In Long-Term Care Facilities, Ismaila Olatunji Sule
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), infections among residents are increasing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), resulting in high rate of morbidity and healthcare costs. ESBL-PE resists empirical antibiotics and reduces treatment options, and a designated infection control team is unavailable to prevent the prevalence of the disease. Ecological theory guided this study. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to characterize the causes of ESBL-PE and evaluate the infection control strategies within LTCFs. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was included as supplementary statistical analysis to identify relationships between LTCFs, geographical locations, infection control measures (ICMs), and ESBL-PE. A systematic search …