Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Intersectional Social Inequalities And Cognitive Functioning Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults In England: A Decomposition Analysis Of The Mediating Role Of Loneliness, Chantel Walwyn

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Normative cognitive decline is an emerging public health issue for older adult populations. It is necessary that we take an intersectional approach to examining heterogeneity in cognitive health outcomes. Using complex longitudinal survey data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), multiple linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between intersectional group membership based on age, education, and sex, and change in cognitive functioning domains (memory function, and executive function) over an 8-year period. Three-way decomposition analysis was also used to examine the mediating effect of loneliness on the association between intersectional group membership and the change …

Evaluating Quantitative Methods For Intercategorical-Intersectionality Research: A Simulation Study, Mayuri Mahendran

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This study evaluated eight quantitative methods for their predictive accuracy for intersectionally-defined subgroups, via a simulation study. The methods included two forms of single-level regression with interaction terms, cross-classification, multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA), and four decision tree methods: classification and regression trees (CART), conditional inference trees, chi-square automatic interaction detector, and random forest. The simulated datasets varied by outcome variable type, input variable types, sample size, and size and direction of the effects. Predictive accuracy improved with increasing sample size for all methods except CART. At small sample sizes, random forest and MAIHDA generally created …

Child Abuse As A Determinant Of Barriers To Hiv Status Disclosure Among Women In Canada, Siobhan M. Churchill

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: In Canada, people with HIV are legally required to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners prior to having sex that presents a “realistic possibility of HIV transmission”. This policy has been criticized for failing to consider the safety and autonomy of women with HIV, which can be compromised following disclosure.

Objectives: To investigate whether experiences of childhood physical or sexual abuse (CPSA) affect barriers to HIV disclosure to partners in adulthood, which include: later physical or sexual abuse, sexual agency, HIV stigma, and perceived social support.

Methods: Propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weights were used …