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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Association Between Adult Self-Reported Asthma & Potential Exposures To Asthma Triggers In Virginia Workplaces: An Ecological Study, Jeanette R. Bowman
The Association Between Adult Self-Reported Asthma & Potential Exposures To Asthma Triggers In Virginia Workplaces: An Ecological Study, Jeanette R. Bowman
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Work-related asthma (WRA) is thought to be the most common occupational lung disease in the U.S., but there is no standard case definition of WRA. Most states, including Virginia, do not require WRA diagnoses to be reported to health departments. At present, there is too little epidemiological data on WRA in Virginia to direct public health planning efforts. Objectives: The first objective of this study was to estimate potential exposure to workplace asthma triggers in each of Virginia's 35 health districts. The second objective was to examine associations at the health district level between workplace asthma triggers, other asthma …
Analgesic Use In U.S. Emergency Departments For Patients Reporting Moderate To Severe Pain: Diagnosis And Select Patient Characteristics Influencing Narcotic Analgesic Prescribing Practices, Hassan Zakaria
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between emergency department patient encounter characteristics and narcotic analgesic prescribing practices in order to determine what patient characteristics, if any, influence the decision to prescribe narcotics.Methods: Cross sectional data on patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments from the 2003 and 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed. Patients reporting moderate to severe pain were included in the sample and analysis. Chi square tests of significance were used to assess the association between individual demographic and encounter characteristics to narcotic prescription or administration. Separate multiple logistic regressions were then performed on …
Disparities In The Use Of Emergency Contraceptives, Rebecca Dallman
Disparities In The Use Of Emergency Contraceptives, Rebecca Dallman
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: Unintended pregnancies are often a burden to pregnant women and to the health care system. The rates of unintended pregnancies have decreased since the wide use of contraceptives has increased; however, young women, women with low income, and racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to use contraceptives inconsistently, which increases the risk of an unintended pregnancy. This risk could be reduced with the proper use of emergency contraceptives (ECs).Methods and Analysis: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the data from the female respondents of the 2002 Cycle 6 NSFG. Logistic regression was used to determine rates of use of ECs …
The Utility Of Depression Screening Measures After Traumatic Brain Injury, Amy H. Riddick
The Utility Of Depression Screening Measures After Traumatic Brain Injury, Amy H. Riddick
Theses and Dissertations
Objectives: Identifying reliable, practical and easy to use tools to assess depression in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a necessary first step to addressing a high incidence problem. The intention of this study is to validate depression screening measures with a criterion-based structured interview among people with TBI. The final outcome will identify which measure is the best indicator of depression diagnosis in this population. Methods: 112 participants with TBI were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory (NFI), The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV TR Axis I …
Has Richmond, Virginia Become Safer In The Past Five Years (2002-2006)?: An Analysis Of Ambulance Data Regarding Penetrating Trauma Incidents, Ashleigh K. Mccabe
Has Richmond, Virginia Become Safer In The Past Five Years (2002-2006)?: An Analysis Of Ambulance Data Regarding Penetrating Trauma Incidents, Ashleigh K. Mccabe
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: The World Health Assembly declared violence as a worldwide public health problem. Homicides have been identified as a leading cause of death in the United States across all age groups. The national homicide rate for 2004 and 2005 are 5.5 and 5.6 per 100,000 population, respectively. The reported rates for Virginia are 5.2 (2004) and 5.6 (2005) per 100,000 population, showing a 16.9% increase. Richmond has been ranked as high as the sixth most dangerous among similar cities in the United States. This study examines penetrating trauma injuries identified through 9-1-1 calls as an indicator of the incidence of …
Impact Of Combat Stress On Mental Health Outcomes: Brfss Survey Data 2006, Emily Pedneau
Impact Of Combat Stress On Mental Health Outcomes: Brfss Survey Data 2006, Emily Pedneau
Theses and Dissertations
Objectives: This study sought to determine the relationship between combat experience and mental health outcomes. The study sought to determine whether age was a significant factor in poor mental health outcomes. Methods: Multiple logistic regression (n = 195,048) and multiple linear regression (n = 264,154) were performed on the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Veteran status and a host of demographic and health status questions were analyzed in relation to diagnosis of anxiety or depressive disorder (multiple logistic regression) and to number of days poor mental health (multiple linear regression). Results: Diagnosis of anxiety or depression was …
Trend Analysis Of Automobile Collision Amongst 15-19 Year Olds In Virginia, 2000-2004, Imo F. Ndem
Trend Analysis Of Automobile Collision Amongst 15-19 Year Olds In Virginia, 2000-2004, Imo F. Ndem
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose. This research study on automobile collision in Virginia amongst fifteen to nineteen (15-19) year olds looked into the trend analysis over a five (5) year period of 2000 to 2004. Trend analysis is usually done for aggregates of all injurieseither intentional or unintentional injuries, or both. The primary objective of this research study was to examine the trend in hospitalization rates and mortality rates for males and females independently. It further looked into the trend, if any, in hospitalization rates, mortality rates, and case-fatality rates, for both males and females combined. The different Tables illustrate the extent and the …
Examination Of Birth Outcomes With Mode Of Delivery For Breech Presentation, Kelly Marie Arey
Examination Of Birth Outcomes With Mode Of Delivery For Breech Presentation, Kelly Marie Arey
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Approximately 3% to 4% of all pregnancies at term will have a fetus with a breech presentation. Studies have shown that the US has almost completely abandoned vaginal delivery for breech presentation through the influence of the "Term Breech Trial" (TBT) which concluded that a policy of planned caesarian section would reduce perinatal mortality, late neonatal mortality, and serious neonatal morbidity by approximately two-thirds for term fetuses. However, the recommendations are still being challenged by others.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to describe who in Virginia is having a vaginal delivery for a breech presentation and to determine …
Outcomes Of Status Epilepticus In The Elderly, Alan R. Towne
Outcomes Of Status Epilepticus In The Elderly, Alan R. Towne
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious medical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have addressed this condition in the elderly. The present study examines predictors of SE mortality in this growing population.Methods: SE patients visiting the Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center from July 1, 1989, to June 30,2006 were included in the study. Data on demographic characteristics, SE type, etiology, time to treatment and mortality were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the determinants of mortality due to SE. Data was stratified by age to examine the characteristics of SE among the elderly population.Results: …
Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening In Virginia: The Impact Of Insurance Coverage And The Every Woman's Life Screening Program, Kamila Somayaji
Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening In Virginia: The Impact Of Insurance Coverage And The Every Woman's Life Screening Program, Kamila Somayaji
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Screening for breast and cervical cancers is important because early detection increases cancer survival. Since 1991, the U.S. government has helped finance a national early detection program for breast and cervical cancer among uninsured low-income women, known in Virginia (VA) as Every Woman's Life (EWL).Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the prevalence of breast and cervical cancer screening based on insurance coverage, assess the prevalence of screening by health district, and evaluate the ability of EWL to effectively reach its target population.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were …
Determinants Of Obesity: Racial Differences, Nikkia L. Goforth
Determinants Of Obesity: Racial Differences, Nikkia L. Goforth
Theses and Dissertations
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health problem. Studies have shown that there are racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity. However, there is limited research that examines the effects of sedentary and poor lifestyle behaviors and obesity among different racial and ethnic groups. Furthermore, most studies focus on the problem of obesity among children. This study was conducted to examine racial differences in determinants of obesity in adults in the United States. METHODS: Data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used for this analysis. Demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and existence of chronic diseases were assessed. …