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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Income Inequality And Homicide Rates In Sao Paulo, Brazil., Paulo A. Lotufo, Isabela M. Bensenor
Income Inequality And Homicide Rates In Sao Paulo, Brazil., Paulo A. Lotufo, Isabela M. Bensenor
Paulo A Lotufo
Description of the epidemic of homicide among poor people in Brazil. In Sao Paulo, Brazil, homicides to men aged 15-44 years increased with an annual percentage change (APC) of 4.7% from 1996 to 2001, and then decreased from 2001 to 2007 with an APC of -14.6%. Analyzing the intra-urban distribution according to family income, the increase in the homicide rate was restricted to men living in the poorest neighbourhoods. In contrast, the decline in homicide rates was observed to men living in all districts. The reasons for this 'up and down' trend are not clear.
Assessing Risk In Focal Arboviral Infections: Are We Missing The Big Or Little Picture?, A D. Haddow, Agricola Odoi, C J. Jones
Assessing Risk In Focal Arboviral Infections: Are We Missing The Big Or Little Picture?, A D. Haddow, Agricola Odoi, C J. Jones
Agricola Odoi
BACKGROUND: Focal arboviral infections affecting a subset of the overall population present an often overlooked set of challenges in the assessment and reporting of risk and the detection of spatial patterns. Our objective was to assess the variation in risk when using different at-risk populations and geographic scales for the calculation of incidence risk and the detection of geographic hot-spots of infection. We explored these variations using a pediatric arbovirus, La Crosse virus (LACV), as our model. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Descriptive and cluster analyses were performed on probable and confirmed cases of LACV infections reported to the Tennessee Department of …
Nutritional Evaluation Of The Patients With Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma [Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo
Nutritional Evaluation Of The Patients With Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma [Portuguese], Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) usually present nutritional disorders, secondary to the upper aerodigestive tract involvement or due to the treatment sequels. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of patients with HNSCC in different phases of the disease treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 155 patients divided in 4 groups: 103 patients with HNSCC (29 before treatment, 47 post-treatment with no recurrence and 27 post treatment with recurrent disease) and 52 controls without HNSCC. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected and a nutrition assessment was performed from anthropometric parameters (weight, height and Body Mass Index – BMI), …
Patterns Of Viral Load In Chronic Hepatitis B Patients In Brazil And Their Association Withalt Levels And Hbeag Status, Paulo A. Lotufo
Patterns Of Viral Load In Chronic Hepatitis B Patients In Brazil And Their Association Withalt Levels And Hbeag Status, Paulo A. Lotufo
Paulo A Lotufo
Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level is a predictor of the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients. Nevertheless, the distribution of viral load levels in chronic HBV patients in Brazil has yet to be described. This cross-sectional study included 564 participants selected in nine Brazilian cities located in four of the five regions of the country using the database of a medical diagnostics company. Admission criteria included hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity, availability of HBV viral load samples and age >or=18 years. Males comprised 64.5% of the study population. Mean age was 43.7 years. …
An Empirical Examination Of The Factors Associated With The Commutation Of State Death Row Prisoners’ Sentences Between 1986 And 2005, John D. Kraemer
An Empirical Examination Of The Factors Associated With The Commutation Of State Death Row Prisoners’ Sentences Between 1986 And 2005, John D. Kraemer
John D Kraemer
Commutation is usually a death row prisoner’s last hope of evading his or her capital sentence. However, unlike many other stages of the death penalty process, little research focuses on the factors that affect decisions to commute or allow a death sentence to go forward, and that which has been conducted utilizes data which is now nearly a decade old. This paper seeks to examine personal and demographic factors associated with commutation decisions and to resolve incon- sistent findings in the prior research. Using the statistical method of multiple logistic regression, this paper finds statistically significant disparities in the odds …
Screening Of Prisoners For Hiv: Public Health, Legal, And Ethical Implications, John D. Kraemer
Screening Of Prisoners For Hiv: Public Health, Legal, And Ethical Implications, John D. Kraemer
John D Kraemer
Inmates are disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS in the United States. As a result, correctional health systems have often screened prisoners -- either at entry or while incarcerated -- for HIV. This paper assesses the likely public health impact of such programs and concludes that they can be beneficial so long as screening programs are linked with adequate prevention and treatment. It also assesses the conditions under which screening programs comply with or violate United States constitutional law and ethical norms.